Pub Date : 2020-05-21DOI: 10.33955/2307-2180(2)2020.3-12
M. Rozhnov, Y. Kuzmenko, D. Melnyk, O. Levbarg, A. Rak, V. I. Pashun, L. M. Pohribna
For the first time in Ukraine a primary measurement standard of gas volume and flow rate units in a pressure range of 1 MPa to 5 MPa has been created. The standard is based on realisation of the units by PVTt principle and units dissemination using critical Venturi nozzles. Gas passing through the nozzle during its calibration fills an evacuated collection tank located downstream the nozzle, and the respective time interval is measured. Mass flow rate is calculated by multiplying the volume of the collection tank by the gas density change and dividing by the tank filling time. Density values are determined by the equation of state and the measured initial and final pressure and temperature values. The structural and functional scheme of the measurement standard is shown in Figure 3. The standard consists of two units. The first unit is intended to realise, keep and transfer the units of gas volume and flow rate. The general view of the block is shown in Figure 4. The unit contains high pressure collection tank, precision water thermostat, vacuum pump, piston gas pressure gauge, flow switch, fine filter, a set of seven Venturi nozzles with diameters from 0.1 mm to 3.0 mm. The second unit is designed to form a stationary gas flow and provide a critical gas flow rate (at the speed of sound) at the nozzle throat. In the case of an elementary reversible adiabatic (isoentropic) process at a critical velocity, the mass flow rate of gas passing through the nozzle is maximally possible. The unit consists of equipment for reducing the pressure from 150 bar to 70 bar and from 70 bar to 10 bar, the heat exchanger and the instruments measuring the pressure and temperature of the gas flow. The created measurement standard will assure metrological traceability of the measurements of gas volume and volume flow rate at high pressures for the flow rate up to 100 m3/h and calibration of the primary reference nozzles with a throat diameter from 0.1 mm to 3 mm.
{"title":"State Primary Standard of Gas Volume and Flow Rate Units for the Pressure Range of 1 MPa to 5 MPa (PVTt-15)","authors":"M. Rozhnov, Y. Kuzmenko, D. Melnyk, O. Levbarg, A. Rak, V. I. Pashun, L. M. Pohribna","doi":"10.33955/2307-2180(2)2020.3-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(2)2020.3-12","url":null,"abstract":"For the first time in Ukraine a primary measurement standard of gas volume and flow rate units in a pressure range of 1 MPa to 5 MPa has been created. The standard is based on realisation of the units by PVTt principle and units dissemination using critical Venturi nozzles. Gas passing through the nozzle during its calibration fills an evacuated collection tank located downstream the nozzle, and the respective time interval is measured. Mass flow rate is calculated by multiplying the volume of the collection tank by the gas density change and dividing by the tank filling time. Density values are determined by the equation of state and the measured initial and final pressure and temperature values. The structural and functional scheme of the measurement standard is shown in Figure 3. \u0000The standard consists of two units. The first unit is intended to realise, keep and transfer the units of gas volume and flow rate. The general view of the block is shown in Figure 4. The unit contains high pressure collection tank, precision water thermostat, vacuum pump, piston gas pressure gauge, flow switch, fine filter, a set of seven Venturi nozzles with diameters from 0.1 mm to 3.0 mm. The second unit is designed to form a stationary gas flow and provide a critical gas flow rate (at the speed of sound) at the nozzle throat. In the case of an elementary reversible adiabatic (isoentropic) process at a critical velocity, the mass flow rate of gas passing through the nozzle is maximally possible. The unit consists of equipment for reducing the pressure from 150 bar to 70 bar and from 70 bar to 10 bar, the heat exchanger and the instruments measuring the pressure and temperature of the gas flow. The created measurement standard will assure metrological traceability of the measurements of gas volume and volume flow rate at high pressures for the flow rate up to \u0000100 m3/h and calibration of the primary reference nozzles with a throat diameter from 0.1 mm to 3 mm.","PeriodicalId":52864,"journal":{"name":"Metrologiia ta priladi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46278239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-21DOI: 10.33955/2307-2180(2)2020.34-39
E. Board
As the result of the article V. U. Ihnatkin, Yu. L. Zabulonov, Yu. M. Tuz, O. V. Farrakhov «Calculation and Estimation of the Uncertainty of Pollution Emissions in the Environment» https://doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(2)2020.34-39 revision for borrowings from third parties work this article had been elliminated according to the policy of anti-plgiarism as such, that contains, in fact, the complete plagiarism with the similar article published by «Measurement Technics» journal, Russia, N 2, 2009
由于v.u. Ihnatkin的文章，Yu。L. Zabulonov, Yu。M. Tuz, O. V. Farrakhov《环境中污染排放的不确定性的计算与估计》https://doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(2)2020.34-39对借鉴第三方作品的修订，根据反剽窃政策，这篇文章实际上包含了与《测量技术》杂志发表的类似文章的完全剽窃，俄罗斯，2009年第2期
{"title":"THE ARTICLE IS ELLIMINATED","authors":"E. Board","doi":"10.33955/2307-2180(2)2020.34-39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(2)2020.34-39","url":null,"abstract":"As the result of the article V. U. Ihnatkin, Yu. L. Zabulonov, Yu. M. Tuz, O. V. Farrakhov \u0000«Calculation and Estimation of the Uncertainty of Pollution Emissions in the Environment» \u0000https://doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(2)2020.34-39 \u0000revision for borrowings from third parties work this article had been elliminated according to the policy of anti-plgiarism as such, that contains, in fact, the complete plagiarism with the similar article published by «Measurement Technics» journal, Russia, N 2, 2009","PeriodicalId":52864,"journal":{"name":"Metrologiia ta priladi","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69565560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-24DOI: 10.33955/2307-2180(5)2019.32-36
Y. Dobrovolsky, G. Prokhorov, A. A. Ascheulov
The ways of increasing the sensitivity of a non-selective thermal radiation receiver based on cadmium antimony using the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction are considered and investigated. It has been shown that the application of anisotropic NdFeB anisotropic magnet increases the volt-watt sensitivity of the thermal radiation receiver by 30 %. When a more powerful magnet is used, an additional increase in sensitivity is observed, but not in proportion to the magnitude of the additional magnetic induction. The dynamic range of the created thermal radiation receiver, which is from 10 to 200000 W/m-2, is investigated.
{"title":"Non-Selective Magnetoelectric Thermal Radiation Receiver Based on Cadmium Antimonide","authors":"Y. Dobrovolsky, G. Prokhorov, A. A. Ascheulov","doi":"10.33955/2307-2180(5)2019.32-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(5)2019.32-36","url":null,"abstract":"The ways of increasing the sensitivity of a non-selective thermal radiation receiver based on cadmium antimony using the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction are considered and investigated. It has been shown that the application of anisotropic NdFeB anisotropic magnet increases the volt-watt sensitivity of the thermal radiation receiver by 30 %. When a more powerful magnet is used, an additional increase in sensitivity is observed, but not in proportion to the magnitude of the additional magnetic induction. The dynamic range of the created thermal radiation receiver, which is from 10 to 200000 W/m-2, is investigated.","PeriodicalId":52864,"journal":{"name":"Metrologiia ta priladi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44239479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-24DOI: 10.33955/2307-2180(5)2019.27-31
O. Shevchenko
The article concerns methods and formulas for the calculation of the coefficient of thermal conductivity of solid bodies using the known solutions of direct thermal conductivity tasks. The solution to the inverse problem of heat conductivity is based on the quite complicated methods including both hyperbolic functions and finite-difference methods. Under certain experimental conditions, the task is simplified at the regular thermal modes of 1, 2, or 3 types. Thus final formulas are simplified to algebraic equations. The simplification of the inverse problem of heat conductivity to algebraic equations is possible using other approaches. These methods are based on the analysis of the reference points, zero values of temperature distribution function, function inflection points, and its first and second derivatives. Here, we present formulas for the calculations of the temperature field on the assumption of the direct task solution for the half-bounded bar under the pulsed heating followed the re-definition of the boundary conditions. The article describes two methods in which solutions are reduced to simple algebraic formulas when using the specified points on heating thermograms of test examples. These solutions allow algebraic deriving of simple relations for inverse problems of determination of thermophysical characteristics of solid bodies. The calculation formulas are given for the determination of the heat conductivity coefficient determination by two methods: by value of temperature, coordinate, and two moments at which this temperature is reached. The second method uses the values of two coordinates of the test sample in two different points where the equal temperature is reached at different points in time. The final solution of the equation is logarithmic. The analysis of known methods and techniques shows that experimental methods are oriented on the technical implementation and based on facilities of available equipment and instruments. Existing experimental techniques are based on specific constructions of measuring facilities. Simultaneously, there are well-studied methods of solution of thermal conductivity standard tasks set out in fundamental issues. The theoretical methods come from axioms, equations, and theoretical postulates, and they give the solution of inverse tasks of thermal conductivity. This work uses the solutions of direct tasks presented in the monograph by A.V.Lykov “The theory of heat conductivity”. These solutions have a good theoretical background and experts’ credit. The boundary conditions of the problem are next: the half-bounded thin bar is given. The side surface of the bar has a thermal insulation. At the initial moment, the instant heat source acts on the bar in its section at some distance from its end. Heat exchange occurs between the environment and the end of the bar according to Newton’s law. The initial (relative) temperature of the bar is accepted equal to zero. The heat exchange between the f
{"title":"Reverse Task of Heat Conductivity for the Semilimited Bar","authors":"O. Shevchenko","doi":"10.33955/2307-2180(5)2019.27-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(5)2019.27-31","url":null,"abstract":"The article concerns methods and formulas for the calculation of the coefficient of thermal conductivity of solid bodies using the known solutions of direct thermal conductivity tasks. The solution to the inverse problem of heat conductivity is based on the quite complicated methods including both hyperbolic functions and finite-difference methods. Under certain experimental conditions, the task is simplified at the regular thermal modes of 1, 2, or 3 types. Thus final formulas are simplified to algebraic equations. \u0000The simplification of the inverse problem of heat conductivity to algebraic equations is possible using other approaches. These methods are based on the analysis of the reference points, zero values of temperature distribution function, function inflection points, and its first and second derivatives. Here, we present formulas for the calculations of the temperature field on the assumption of the direct task solution for the half-bounded bar under the pulsed heating followed the re-definition of the boundary conditions. \u0000The article describes two methods in which solutions are reduced to simple algebraic formulas when using the specified points on heating thermograms of test examples. These solutions allow algebraic deriving of simple relations for inverse problems of determination of thermophysical characteristics of solid bodies. The calculation formulas are given for the determination of the heat conductivity coefficient determination by two methods: by value of temperature, coordinate, and two moments at which this temperature is reached. \u0000The second method uses the values of two coordinates of the test sample in two different points where the equal temperature is reached at different points in time. The final solution of the equation is logarithmic. The analysis of known methods and techniques shows that experimental methods are oriented on the technical implementation and based on facilities of available equipment and instruments. \u0000Existing experimental techniques are based on specific constructions of measuring facilities. Simultaneously, there are well-studied methods of solution of thermal conductivity standard tasks set out in fundamental issues. The theoretical methods come from axioms, equations, and theoretical postulates, and they give the solution of inverse tasks of thermal conductivity. This work uses the solutions of direct tasks presented in the monograph by A.V.Lykov “The theory of heat conductivity”. These solutions have a good theoretical background and experts’ credit. \u0000The boundary conditions of the problem are next: the half-bounded thin bar is given. The side surface of the bar has a thermal insulation. At the initial moment, the instant heat source acts on the bar in its section at some distance from its end. Heat exchange occurs between the environment and the end of the bar according to Newton’s law. The initial (relative) temperature of the bar is accepted equal to zero. The heat exchange between the f","PeriodicalId":52864,"journal":{"name":"Metrologiia ta priladi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48575872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-24DOI: 10.33955/2307-2180(5)2019.62-69
M. Kalyniuk, S. Isakova, L. Puzrina
Properties of compact metals depend, in base, from oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen conсentrations in their volumes. Powders have peculiarities, which distinguish from compact metals. Literature review on methods of determination oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen of content in metallic powders. Main method of control of the gaseous admixture in metallic powders is method of the restoration melting of analytical metal in carring gas flow (helium, argon, nitrogen) in graphite crucible in impulse condition. Principal peculiarities and advantages of this method are enumerated. Examples of analysis of real objects — powders of pure metals and alloys (iron, chromium, manganese, ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, nickel alloys) is given. Samples preparation is the most difficult operation in the time of analyses of metallic powders (selection, manufacturing, drying, preservation, transport of analytical samples). Problems of calibration of the methods and analysers by standard samples are considerd. Problems of creation of the standard samples from powder metals with known oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen concentration are considerd. Lack of the standard samples of metallic powders on gaseous admixtures (oxygen, nitogen, hydrogen) are showed. Method of determination oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen contents in highalloyed nickel — temperature of heating on graphite crucible, time, mass of analytical sample — are created. Materials for creation of the standard samples of powder metals with certain concetration gaseous admixture with good prospects — highalloyed nickel with low oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen concentrations — are proposed.
{"title":"Analyze of Metallic Powders on Content of the Oxygen, Nitrogen, Hydrogen Admixture","authors":"M. Kalyniuk, S. Isakova, L. Puzrina","doi":"10.33955/2307-2180(5)2019.62-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(5)2019.62-69","url":null,"abstract":"Properties of compact metals depend, in base, from oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen conсentrations in their volumes. Powders have peculiarities, which distinguish from compact metals. \u0000Literature review on methods of determination oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen of content in metallic powders. \u0000Main method of control of the gaseous admixture in metallic powders is method of the restoration melting of analytical metal in carring gas flow (helium, argon, nitrogen) in graphite crucible in impulse condition. Principal peculiarities and advantages of this method are enumerated. \u0000Examples of analysis of real objects — powders of pure metals and alloys (iron, chromium, manganese, ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, nickel alloys) is given. \u0000Samples preparation is the most difficult operation in the time of analyses of metallic powders (selection, manufacturing, drying, preservation, transport of analytical samples). \u0000Problems of calibration of the methods and analysers by standard samples are considerd. \u0000Problems of creation of the standard samples from powder metals with known oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen concentration are considerd. \u0000Lack of the standard samples of metallic powders on gaseous admixtures (oxygen, nitogen, hydrogen) are showed. \u0000Method of determination oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen contents in highalloyed nickel — temperature of heating on graphite crucible, time, mass of analytical sample — are created. \u0000Materials for creation of the standard samples of powder metals with certain concetration gaseous admixture with good prospects — highalloyed nickel with low oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen concentrations — are proposed.","PeriodicalId":52864,"journal":{"name":"Metrologiia ta priladi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49062568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-24DOI: 10.33955/2307-2180(5)2019.14-19
Y. Pistun, V. Roman, F. Matiko
Paper is devoted to the problem of improving the accuracy of ultrasonic flowmeters installed in conditions that differ from their calibration conditions. The authors highlighted high sensitivity of ultrasonic flowmeters to distortions of flow structure and large additional error of flowmeters caused by flow distortions. The computer simulations using empirically-derived functions of distorted flow velocity of professor Salami are used to investigate the additional error of flowmeters. The analytical formulas of two- and multi-peaks Salami functions are used in this work to reproduce the distorted flow velocity profile. The authors proposed to determine the calibration factor of the ultrasonic flowmeter using the undistorted component of Salami functions. The values of the calibration factor for the number of acoustic channels from 1 to 6 were calculated using four numerical integration methods: Chebyshev (equidistant location of acoustic paths), Gauss, Gauss-Jacobi, OWICS method. This made it possible to realize the flowrate equation for multi-path ultrasonic flowmeters and to determine their additional error for different location of the acoustic paths. The average flow velocity along each path is calculated based on the flow velocity profile in the pipe cross section. Six two- and multi-peaks Salami functions of velocity are used to calculate the velocity profile of the distorted flow caused by typical local resistances. According to the research results the recommendations were developed for choosing the number of the acoustic paths of the ultrasonic flowmeters and for using the methods for determining the location coordinates of the acoustic paths. We determined the required minimum number of chordal acoustic channels of the ultrasonic flowmeter, which makes it possible to reduce the investigated error to defined limits, even in the presence of complex flow distortions reproduced by Salami multi-peaks functions.
{"title":"Investigating the Ultrasonic Flowmeter Error in Conditions of Distorted Flow Using Multipeaks Salami Functions","authors":"Y. Pistun, V. Roman, F. Matiko","doi":"10.33955/2307-2180(5)2019.14-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(5)2019.14-19","url":null,"abstract":"Paper is devoted to the problem of improving the accuracy of ultrasonic flowmeters installed in conditions that differ from their calibration conditions. The authors highlighted high sensitivity of ultrasonic flowmeters to distortions of flow structure and large additional error of flowmeters caused by flow distortions. The computer simulations using empirically-derived functions of distorted flow velocity of professor Salami are used to investigate the additional error of flowmeters. The analytical formulas of two- and multi-peaks Salami functions are used in this work to reproduce the distorted flow velocity profile. The authors proposed to determine the calibration factor of the ultrasonic flowmeter using the undistorted component of Salami functions. The values of the calibration factor for the number of acoustic channels from 1 to 6 were calculated using four numerical integration methods: Chebyshev (equidistant location of acoustic paths), Gauss, Gauss-Jacobi, OWICS method. This made it possible to realize the flowrate equation for multi-path ultrasonic flowmeters and to determine their additional error for different location of the acoustic paths. The average flow velocity along each path is calculated based on the flow velocity profile in the pipe cross section. Six two- and multi-peaks Salami functions of velocity are used to calculate the velocity profile of the distorted flow caused by typical local resistances. According to the research results the recommendations were developed for choosing the number of the acoustic paths of the ultrasonic flowmeters and for using the methods for determining the location coordinates of the acoustic paths. We determined the required minimum number of chordal acoustic channels of the ultrasonic flowmeter, which makes it possible to reduce the investigated error to defined limits, even in the presence of complex flow distortions reproduced by Salami multi-peaks functions.","PeriodicalId":52864,"journal":{"name":"Metrologiia ta priladi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45507871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-24DOI: 10.33955/2307-2180(5)2019.20-26
O. Kupko
An approach is proposed for an approximate estimate of the relation between the uncertainties of spectral and color measurements. The approach is based on replacing the entire diversity of the spectra with simple models: a constant over all wavelengths, a pronounced peak, a sharp decrease and a sharp increase. The Monte-Carlo method was used for calculations. Small distortions were introduced to the model spectra at each wavelength, the standard deviation of these distortions was calculated, after which the chromaticity coordinates were calculated in the system (x, y, Y). The value of Y, as related to light measurements, was not further analyzed. The standard deviation of the distances between the chromaticity coordinates of the initial spectrum and the chromaticity coordinates of the distorted spectra in space (x, y) was used as a measure of the uncertainty of color measurements. The ratio of these standard deviations was considered to be a link between the uncertainties of the spectral and color measurements. The influence of the uncertainties of the spectral measurements, the effect of the spectral width of the model spectra in the form of a peak, a sharp decrease and a sharp increase on the axis of the wavelengths were analyzed. The ranges of the corresponding values are chosen taking into account the valid documents and the most common spectra. The influence of a standard illuminator selected was considered: all calculations were carried out for both type A and D65 sources. The results of the calculations are provided in the form of graphs, which allow one to approximately determine the required level of accuracy of the spectral equipment before the measurements, in order to provide the necessary uncertainty of chromaticity measurements. The analysis of the results obtained.
{"title":"Analysis of the Relationship Between Spectral and Color Uncertainty","authors":"O. Kupko","doi":"10.33955/2307-2180(5)2019.20-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(5)2019.20-26","url":null,"abstract":"An approach is proposed for an approximate estimate of the relation between the uncertainties of spectral and color measurements. The approach is based on replacing the entire diversity of the spectra with simple models: a constant over all wavelengths, a pronounced peak, a sharp decrease and a sharp increase. The Monte-Carlo method was used for calculations. Small distortions were introduced to the model spectra at each wavelength, the standard deviation of these distortions was calculated, after which the chromaticity coordinates were calculated in the system (x, y, Y). The value of Y, as related to light measurements, was not further analyzed. The standard deviation of the distances between the chromaticity coordinates of the initial spectrum and the chromaticity coordinates of the distorted spectra in space (x, y) was used as a measure of the uncertainty of color measurements. The ratio of these standard deviations was considered to be a link between the uncertainties of the spectral and color measurements. The influence of the uncertainties of the spectral measurements, the effect of the spectral width of the model spectra in the form of a peak, a sharp decrease and a sharp increase on the axis of the wavelengths were analyzed. The ranges of the corresponding values are chosen taking into account the valid documents and the most common spectra. The influence of a standard illuminator selected was considered: all calculations were carried out for both type A and D65 sources. The results of the calculations are provided in the form of graphs, which allow one to approximately determine the required level of accuracy of the spectral equipment before the measurements, in order to provide the necessary uncertainty of chromaticity measurements. The analysis of the results obtained.","PeriodicalId":52864,"journal":{"name":"Metrologiia ta priladi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48923123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-24DOI: 10.33955/2307-2180(5)2019.56-61
Y. Serikov
The current stage of development of the construction industry of Ukraine and foreign countries contains the direction to extend the life of the operated construction projects. This direction is directly related to the research of physical and mechanical characteristics of concrete as the main building material. A significant number of such studies can be performed using the ultrasonic pulse method. But despite its potential practice shows the insufficient level of use of this method. Thus, this method, in addition to determining the strength of concrete, allows to determine its characteristics such as the level of crack formation, geometric parameters of the planes of stratification in monolithic concrete, and the like. The system analysis of technical characteristics of serial ultrasonic devices that are produced in Ukraine and foreign countries is carried out. The results of the analysis revealed that their technical characteristics allow measurements, mainly to determine the strength, uniformity of concrete. These devices also do not allow to measure vibration, noise and electrical interference, which is typical for production conditions. The conducted researches allowed to reveal the main directions of improvement of serial ultrasonic devices, Metrology. This allows us to solve the problem of expanding the application of this method in the practice of non-destructive testing of physical and mechanical characteristics of concrete operated construction projects.
{"title":"Problems of Development and Implementation of Ultrasonic Pulse Method in the Problem of Measurement of Parameters for Determination of Physical-Mechanical Characteristics of Concrete Maintained Buildings and Constructions","authors":"Y. Serikov","doi":"10.33955/2307-2180(5)2019.56-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(5)2019.56-61","url":null,"abstract":"The current stage of development of the construction industry of Ukraine and foreign countries contains the direction to extend the life of the operated construction projects. This direction is directly related to the research of physical and mechanical characteristics of concrete as the main building material. A significant number of such studies can be performed using the ultrasonic pulse method. But despite its potential practice shows the insufficient level of use of this method. Thus, this method, in addition to determining the strength of concrete, allows to determine its characteristics such as the level of crack formation, geometric parameters of the planes of stratification in monolithic concrete, and the like. The system analysis of technical characteristics of serial ultrasonic devices that are produced in Ukraine and foreign countries is carried out. The results of the analysis revealed that their technical characteristics allow measurements, mainly to determine the strength, uniformity of concrete. These devices also do not allow to measure vibration, noise and electrical interference, which is typical for production conditions. The conducted researches allowed to reveal the main directions of improvement of serial ultrasonic devices, Metrology. This allows us to solve the problem of expanding the application of this method in the practice of non-destructive testing of physical and mechanical characteristics of concrete operated construction projects.","PeriodicalId":52864,"journal":{"name":"Metrologiia ta priladi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47949780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-24DOI: 10.33955/2307-2180(5)2019.41-48
I. Hrihorenko, S. Hrihorenko, I. Nosova
The paper considers the solution of the scientific and practical problem of improving the system of control of the parameters of the technological process of halva production from the creation of the structural scheme to the development of the electrical circuit diagram. The results of direct multiple measurements obtained from the control system, namely the humidity and temperature sensor (SHT21), have been processed. The equations of direct and inverse regression were constructed and the nature of the relationship between temperature and humidity was established using the pair correlation coefficients. The developed control system makes it possible to provide a relative measurement error of not less than 2,5 %. Control systems are proposed for use at halva plants with the duty to control the basic parameters of the process to ensure the production of quality products. The measuring device includes the following primary measuring transducers: raw material moisture sensor (FIZEPR-SW100.11.x), air humidity sensor (SHT21), water temperature sensor, caramel mass, halves during mixing (DS18B20 Dallas Semiconductor model), temperature control sensor halva storage air (ADT7420). ATmega16 was used as the microcontroller. The proposed meter is capable of transmitting data up to 50 m over a 2,4 GHz radio channel with a SPI interface to the microcontroller. This transmission enables the nRF24L01 radio to operate at 2,4 GHz (Wi-Fi frequency). The need to improve the existing meter has been proved by the use of a radio channel due to the fact that at this time it is necessary to avoid using wired interfaces where possible, due to the inability, sometimes, to draw communication lines due to the presence of already installed equipment.
{"title":"Development and Research of the System for Control of Parameters of Manufacture of Halva Technological Process","authors":"I. Hrihorenko, S. Hrihorenko, I. Nosova","doi":"10.33955/2307-2180(5)2019.41-48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(5)2019.41-48","url":null,"abstract":"The paper considers the solution of the scientific and practical problem of improving the system of control of the parameters of the technological process of halva production from the creation of the structural scheme to the development of the electrical circuit diagram. The results of direct multiple measurements obtained from the control system, namely the humidity and temperature sensor (SHT21), have been processed. The equations of direct and inverse regression were constructed and the nature of the relationship between temperature and humidity was established using the pair correlation coefficients. \u0000The developed control system makes it possible to provide a relative measurement error of not less than 2,5 %. Control systems are proposed for use at halva plants with the duty to control the basic parameters of the process to ensure the production of quality products. \u0000The measuring device includes the following primary measuring transducers: raw material moisture sensor (FIZEPR-SW100.11.x), air humidity sensor (SHT21), water temperature sensor, caramel mass, halves during mixing (DS18B20 Dallas Semiconductor model), temperature control sensor halva storage air (ADT7420). ATmega16 was used as the microcontroller. The proposed meter is capable of transmitting data up to 50 m over a 2,4 GHz radio channel with a SPI interface to the microcontroller. This transmission enables the nRF24L01 radio to operate at 2,4 GHz (Wi-Fi frequency). \u0000The need to improve the existing meter has been proved by the use of a radio channel due to the fact that at this time it is necessary to avoid using wired interfaces where possible, due to the inability, sometimes, to draw communication lines due to the presence of already installed equipment.","PeriodicalId":52864,"journal":{"name":"Metrologiia ta priladi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46268724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-24DOI: 10.33955/2307-2180(5)2019.3-7
E. Volodarsky, L. Kosheva, I. Pototsky
The article continues to consider the possibility of maintaining the technological process in a statistical control state with the use of cumulative sum charts. A numerical method for estimating the statistical controllability of a process using a scheme of decision intervals based on a computational algorithm is considered. Cumulative sum charts can provide an out-of-control process detection and, unlike a regular Shewhart charts, allow determine quickly and accurately the process change area, as well as when corrective action is required. Unlike the graphical method using the V-mask, when the mandatory presence of an operator is required to monitor the state of the process, the numerical estimation method using the decision interval scheme can be automated and provide appropriate signals without operator involvement. The method under consideration reveals a point in time when a change in process cannot be caused solely by the influence of random causes, that is, there is a significant systematic influence, a disorder of the process and a shift in the primary level of adjustment. The use of the same V-mask allows to solve the opposite problem: when fixing the moment of disorder of the technological process to determine what time this event took place. When constructing a V-mask, its «opening angle» is directly related to the maximum permissible displacement of the process and, based on the requirements for the quality of the technological process, it is necessary to have an aggregate (set) of such V-masks. When applying the numerical method, this problem does not occur. The article shows the equivalence of graphical and numerical methods theoretically and numerically, which, given the certain undoubted advantages of the latter, proves the prospect of its application.
{"title":"Features, Opportunities and Application of Control Cards Accumulated Sum. Part 2. Numerical Method for Assessing the Disorder of a Technological Process","authors":"E. Volodarsky, L. Kosheva, I. Pototsky","doi":"10.33955/2307-2180(5)2019.3-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(5)2019.3-7","url":null,"abstract":"The article continues to consider the possibility of maintaining the technological process in a statistical control state with the use of cumulative sum charts. A numerical method for estimating the statistical controllability of a process using a scheme of decision intervals based on a computational algorithm is considered. \u0000Cumulative sum charts can provide an out-of-control process detection and, unlike a regular Shewhart charts, allow determine quickly and accurately the process change area, as well as when corrective action is required. Unlike the graphical method using the V-mask, when the mandatory presence of an operator is required to monitor the state of the process, the numerical estimation method using the decision interval scheme can be automated and provide appropriate signals without operator involvement. \u0000The method under consideration reveals a point in time when a change in process cannot be caused solely by the influence of random causes, that is, there is a significant systematic influence, a disorder of the process and a shift in the primary level of adjustment. The use of the same V-mask allows to solve the opposite problem: when fixing the moment of disorder of the technological process to determine what time this event took place. \u0000When constructing a V-mask, its «opening angle» is directly related to the maximum permissible displacement of the process and, based on the requirements for the quality of the technological process, it is necessary to have an aggregate (set) of such V-masks. When applying the numerical method, this problem does not occur. \u0000The article shows the equivalence of graphical and numerical methods theoretically and numerically, which, given the certain undoubted advantages of the latter, proves the prospect of its application.","PeriodicalId":52864,"journal":{"name":"Metrologiia ta priladi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44710750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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