Deficiencies in compliance with environmental regulation for orchid trade via social networks in Mexico

IF 1.1 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Botanical Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-10 DOI:10.17129/botsci.3159
Abigail del Carmen Espejo-Cruz, Abraham Espejo-Martínez, M. G. Chávez-Ángeles, L. Lagunez-Rivera, Rodolfo Solano Gómez
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Abstract

Background: Online commerce (e-commerce) includes wild orchids, but it may constitute illicit trade and a risk for its conservation. In Mexico, the magnitude of this e-commerce, if it shows to be illicit, and how environmental crimes are constituted according to the country's regulations are unknown. Questions: How many orchid species are offered in e-commerce? Where do the offers originate? Does this trade become a scenario for environmental crimes? What differences are there in the seller profile and earnings between e-commerce and traditional markets? Studied species: Orchids commercialized in social networks of Mexico. Study site and dates: Mexican states with orchid e-commerce, October-December 2020. Methods: Three e-commerce platforms were reviewed, documenting species richness, active sellers, points of sale and verifying compliance with environmental regulations. We compared the orchid richness and prices in e-commerce with those registered in traditional markets in Mexico. Results: We registered 344 publications, 164 orchid taxa, half Mexican native and 39 hybrids. These offers do not always originate in areas of high orchid richness. In Mexico, orchid management for commercial purposes requires registration and consent of the environmental authority, but no seller has provided evidence regarding it. Prices are higher in e-commerce than in traditional markets. Conclusions: e-commerce offers orchid varieties (native, nonnative, hybrid) and traditional markets only native. Because in e-commerce sellers do not provide evidence of compliance with the environmental regulations, the digital platforms prompt environmental crimes.
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墨西哥通过社交网络进行兰花贸易,在遵守环境法规方面存在不足
背景:网上商业(电子商务)包括野生兰花,但它可能构成非法贸易,并对其保护构成风险。在墨西哥,这种电子商务的规模,如果它被证明是非法的,以及根据该国的法规如何构成环境犯罪,都是未知的。问题:电子商务提供了多少种兰花?报价从哪里来?这种贸易会成为环境犯罪的场景吗?电子商务和传统市场在卖家形象和收入方面有什么区别?研究物种:在墨西哥的社交网络中商业化的兰花。研究地点和日期:墨西哥兰花电子商务州,2020年10月至12月。方法:对三个电子商务平台进行审查,记录物种丰富度、活跃卖家、销售点,并核实是否符合环境法规。我们将电子商务中兰花的丰富性和价格与墨西哥传统市场中注册的兰花进行了比较。结果:我们登记了344份出版物,164个兰花分类群,一半为墨西哥本土,39个杂交种。这些优惠并不总是来自兰花丰富的地区。在墨西哥,出于商业目的管理兰花需要注册并获得环境主管部门的同意,但没有卖家提供相关证据。电子商务的价格高于传统市场。结论:电子商务提供兰花品种(本地、非本地、杂交),传统市场只提供本地品种。由于电子商务中的卖家没有提供遵守环境法规的证据,数字平台引发了环境犯罪。
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来源期刊
Botanical Sciences
Botanical Sciences Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Plant Science
CiteScore
1.90
自引率
21.40%
发文量
71
审稿时长
16 weeks
期刊介绍: Botanical Sciences welcomes contributions that present original, previously unpublished results in Botany, including disciplines such as ecology and evolution, structure and function, systematics and taxonomy, in addition to other areas related to the study of plants. Research reviews are also accepted if they summarize recent advances in a subject, discipline, area, or developmental trend of botany; these should include an analytical, critical, and interpretative approach to a specific topic. Acceptance for reviews will be evaluated first by the Review Editor. Opinion Notes and Book Reviews are also published as long as a relevant contribution in the study of Botany is explained and supported.
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