Julieta A. Hernández-Mejía, Edilia de la Rosa-Manzano, Pablo Delgado-Sánchez
Background: Orchids constitute one of the most diverse group of plants, they provide a large number of benefits to human society. Questions: What are the ecosystem services provided by orchids? Data description: We performed a systematic review based on 413 articles, of which 224 provide relevant information, focusing on publications by ecosystem service category, continent, genus, and quartile of journal. Study site and years studied: studies of orchids on all continents from 2000 to 2021. Methods: databases reviewed were BioOne, CONRICyT, EBSCO, EndNote, Google Scholar, JSTOR, Mendeley, ScienceDirect, Wiley library, as well as reviews of specialized books. Results: We found 75 articles on cultural services, followed by 66 on provisioning services, 64 on supporting and 19 on regulating services. The Epidendroideae subfamily was the most mentioned with 90.9 %, with the genus Dendrobium having the most mentions (39.13 %). Most of the orchid ecosystem service research was conducted on the American and Asian continents, where cultural and provisioning services were prevalent, respectively. Of all the publications, 54.7 % belong to quartile 1, and 2.4 % to quartile 4. Conclusions: This research contributes to our understanding of ecosystem services provided by orchids, which may allow us a more comprehensive understanding of how human society benefits from orchids, and what could be lost if these species are not conserved and used sustainably.
{"title":"Ecosystem services provided by orchids: a global analysis","authors":"Julieta A. Hernández-Mejía, Edilia de la Rosa-Manzano, Pablo Delgado-Sánchez","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3478","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Orchids constitute one of the most diverse group of plants, they provide a large number of benefits to human society. \u0000Questions: What are the ecosystem services provided by orchids? \u0000Data description: We performed a systematic review based on 413 articles, of which 224 provide relevant information, focusing on publications by ecosystem service category, continent, genus, and quartile of journal. \u0000Study site and years studied: studies of orchids on all continents from 2000 to 2021. \u0000Methods: databases reviewed were BioOne, CONRICyT, EBSCO, EndNote, Google Scholar, JSTOR, Mendeley, ScienceDirect, Wiley library, as well as reviews of specialized books. \u0000Results: We found 75 articles on cultural services, followed by 66 on provisioning services, 64 on supporting and 19 on regulating services. The Epidendroideae subfamily was the most mentioned with 90.9 %, with the genus Dendrobium having the most mentions (39.13 %). Most of the orchid ecosystem service research was conducted on the American and Asian continents, where cultural and provisioning services were prevalent, respectively. Of all the publications, 54.7 % belong to quartile 1, and 2.4 % to quartile 4. \u0000Conclusions: This research contributes to our understanding of ecosystem services provided by orchids, which may allow us a more comprehensive understanding of how human society benefits from orchids, and what could be lost if these species are not conserved and used sustainably.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141336337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anaid Rodríguez Bastarrachea, Samantha D. Díaz de León, Stephen H. Bullock, Miguel Ángel Alonso Arévalo, R. Méndez-Alonzo
Background: Canopy phenology, foliar biochemistry, and leaf lifespan vary according to season within and across species. Intrinsically, this variation should also determine changes in the spectral properties of foliar tissue. However, whether canopy phenology and leaf spectroscopy co-vary across species has seldom been tested in seasonal drylands. Questions and / or Hypotheses: We tested the covariation between growth rate, foliage phenology, and leaf spectral indices, expecting that species with high growth rates should have large variability in relative leaf number and foliar spectroscopy. Studied species / data description / Mathematical model: We partition the intra and interspecific variation in relative leaf number and spectroscopy within nine perennial chaparral shrub species. Study site and dates: Rancho El Mogor, Valle de Guadalupe, Baja California, during 2017 and 2018. Methods: Foliage phenology was quantified with an index of relative leaf number, foliar spectroscopy with three standard vegetation indices, and resource-use with stem growth and leaf functional traits. Results: Species with higher variability in foliage phenology (more deciduous species) had higher stem growth rates. The three vegetation indices varied significantly across species (ca. 20 % of explained variance), and across seasons within species (ca. 55 % of explained variance). The values of the three vegetation indices were correlated, and only NDVI was correlated with foliage phenology and stem growth. Conclusions: Our results show that variations in relative leaf number and spectroscopy in chaparral species are coupled with functional traits of species involved in resource exploitation strategies in a seasonally arid environment.
{"title":"Intra and interspecific variation in foliage phenology and leaf spectroscopy in nine Baja Californian shrub species","authors":"Anaid Rodríguez Bastarrachea, Samantha D. Díaz de León, Stephen H. Bullock, Miguel Ángel Alonso Arévalo, R. Méndez-Alonzo","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3474","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Canopy phenology, foliar biochemistry, and leaf lifespan vary according to season within and across species. Intrinsically, this variation should also determine changes in the spectral properties of foliar tissue. However, whether canopy phenology and leaf spectroscopy co-vary across species has seldom been tested in seasonal drylands. \u0000Questions and / or Hypotheses: We tested the covariation between growth rate, foliage phenology, and leaf spectral indices, expecting that species with high growth rates should have large variability in relative leaf number and foliar spectroscopy. \u0000Studied species / data description / Mathematical model: We partition the intra and interspecific variation in relative leaf number and spectroscopy within nine perennial chaparral shrub species. \u0000Study site and dates: Rancho El Mogor, Valle de Guadalupe, Baja California, during 2017 and 2018. \u0000Methods: Foliage phenology was quantified with an index of relative leaf number, foliar spectroscopy with three standard vegetation indices, and resource-use with stem growth and leaf functional traits. \u0000Results: Species with higher variability in foliage phenology (more deciduous species) had higher stem growth rates. The three vegetation indices varied significantly across species (ca. 20 % of explained variance), and across seasons within species (ca. 55 % of explained variance). The values of the three vegetation indices were correlated, and only NDVI was correlated with foliage phenology and stem growth. \u0000Conclusions: Our results show that variations in relative leaf number and spectroscopy in chaparral species are coupled with functional traits of species involved in resource exploitation strategies in a seasonally arid environment.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141336637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuriana Martínez-Orea, Yasmin Vázquez-Santos, S. Castillo-Argüero, M.A. Romero-Romero
Background: Plant species used for reforestation purposes are idoneous if native, the use of species that are present in regeneration sources. High germination percentages under different light conditions and a broad phenological pattern enhance adaptability to environmental heterogeneity. Preference for species responsive to mycorrhizal inoculation is recommended. Questions: Is Solanum pubigerum a widespread species in temperate forests of central Mexico?, under which light conditions germination will be the highest?, how abundant is it in natural regeneration sources?, does inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi benefit its germination and growth? Studied species / data description / Mathematical model: Solanum pubigerum/distribution in central Mexico forests, germination and viability percentages, reproductive phenology, growth dependence on AM fungi/ Kruskal-Wallis test, synchrony, Spearman correlations, ANOVA. Study site and dates: Abies religiosa forest, Mexico City. August 2019 – July 2020. Methods: Seeds of S. pubigerum were exposed to different light qualities, their viability was monitored for two years. Its presence in natural regeneration sources was registered. Reproductive phenology was recorded, and seedlings were inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to assess their growth. Results: Highest seed germination occurred under white light conditions, with sustained viability after two years. The species was found in the seed bank across seasons, less abundantly in seed rain during the dry season. It exhibited extensive flowering and fruiting patterns. Mycorrhiza inoculation significantly boosted seed germination and growth. Conclusions: Solanum pubigerum is suitable for reforestation in central Mexico forests due to its high germination percentages and mycorrhizal responsiveness.
背景：用于重新造林的植物物种如果是原生的，则应使用再生资源中存在的物种。不同光照条件下的高发芽率和广泛的物候模式可提高对环境异质性的适应性。建议优先选择对菌根接种有反应的树种。问题Solanum pubigerum 是墨西哥中部温带森林中的广布物种吗？在何种光照条件下发芽率最高？研究物种/数据描述/数学模型：Solanum pubigerum/墨西哥中部森林中的分布、发芽率和存活率、繁殖期、生长对 AM 真菌的依赖性/Kruskal-Wallis 检验、同步性、Spearman 相关性、方差分析。研究地点和日期墨西哥城松柏林。2019年8月至2020年7月。研究方法将 S. pubigerum 的种子置于不同光照条件下，观察其两年的存活率。对其在自然再生资源中的存在进行登记。记录繁殖物候，给幼苗接种丛枝菌根真菌以评估其生长情况。结果种子在白光条件下萌发率最高，两年后仍有存活能力。该物种在种子库中一年四季都能找到，旱季种子雨中的数量较少。它表现出广泛的开花和结果模式。菌根接种能显著提高种子的萌发和生长。结论Solanum pubigerum发芽率高，菌根反应灵敏，适合在墨西哥中部森林重新造林。
{"title":"Assessing ecological traits of a secondary vegetation species in temperate forests of central Mexico: a case study","authors":"Yuriana Martínez-Orea, Yasmin Vázquez-Santos, S. Castillo-Argüero, M.A. Romero-Romero","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3468","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Plant species used for reforestation purposes are idoneous if native, the use of species that are present in regeneration sources. High germination percentages under different light conditions and a broad phenological pattern enhance adaptability to environmental heterogeneity. Preference for species responsive to mycorrhizal inoculation is recommended. \u0000Questions: Is Solanum pubigerum a widespread species in temperate forests of central Mexico?, under which light conditions germination will be the highest?, how abundant is it in natural regeneration sources?, does inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi benefit its germination and growth? \u0000Studied species / data description / Mathematical model: Solanum pubigerum/distribution in central Mexico forests, germination and viability percentages, reproductive phenology, growth dependence on AM fungi/ Kruskal-Wallis test, synchrony, Spearman correlations, ANOVA. \u0000Study site and dates: Abies religiosa forest, Mexico City. August 2019 – July 2020. \u0000Methods: Seeds of S. pubigerum were exposed to different light qualities, their viability was monitored for two years. Its presence in natural regeneration sources was registered. Reproductive phenology was recorded, and seedlings were inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to assess their growth. \u0000Results: Highest seed germination occurred under white light conditions, with sustained viability after two years. The species was found in the seed bank across seasons, less abundantly in seed rain during the dry season. It exhibited extensive flowering and fruiting patterns. Mycorrhiza inoculation significantly boosted seed germination and growth. \u0000Conclusions: Solanum pubigerum is suitable for reforestation in central Mexico forests due to its high germination percentages and mycorrhizal responsiveness.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141354996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Claudia Bistrain-Mendoza, Rosa Cerros-Tlatilpa, A. Ramírez-Roa
Antecedentes: Las Gesneriaceae tienen una gran diversidad de colores y de formas florales, así como un extraordinario y gran potencial ornamental. Preguntas: ¿Cuántas y cuáles especies (silvestres y cultivadas) de Gesneriaceae se presentan en el estado de Morelos? ¿Cuál es la distribución geográfica de los taxones silvestres y en dónde habitan? ¿Cómo es la morfología de las gesneriáceas silvestres? Sitio de estudio y periodo de investigación: Estado de Morelos, México. Durante los años 2021 y 2022. Métodos: Se revisó literatura, colecciones de herbarios y bases de datos, se actualizó la nomenclatura, se elaboró una base de datos, se hicieron colectas botánicas y disecciones florales. Resultados: Se reportan tres géneros y 11 especies silvestres de Gesneriaceae; de las cuales, Achimenes erecta (Lam.) H.P. Fuchs es un nuevo registro para el estado de Morelos, y se registran gesneriáceas en localidades distintas a las previamente conocidas. Los taxones resultantes en Morelos representan el 10 % del total reportado para el país. Además, se enlistan seis géneros, ocho especies y cuatro híbridos de plantas ornamentales. Conclusiones: Se actualizó la lista de géneros y especies presentes en Morelos, y por primera vez se reportan especies cultivadas. Es el segundo estudio de la familia a nivel estatal en México. Achimenes skinneri Gordon & Lindl. ha reaparecido después de varias décadas como resultado del esfuerzo de recolecta. La perturbación de muchas localidades en la entidad ha afectado la permanencia de las especies silvestres de Gesneriaceae, tal es el caso de Smithiantha zebrina que no fue localizada.
{"title":"Diversidad, distribución y morfología de las Gesneriaceae del estado de Morelos, México","authors":"Claudia Bistrain-Mendoza, Rosa Cerros-Tlatilpa, A. Ramírez-Roa","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3438","url":null,"abstract":"Antecedentes: Las Gesneriaceae tienen una gran diversidad de colores y de formas florales, así como un extraordinario y gran potencial ornamental. \u0000Preguntas: ¿Cuántas y cuáles especies (silvestres y cultivadas) de Gesneriaceae se presentan en el estado de Morelos? ¿Cuál es la distribución geográfica de los taxones silvestres y en dónde habitan? ¿Cómo es la morfología de las gesneriáceas silvestres? \u0000Sitio de estudio y periodo de investigación: Estado de Morelos, México. Durante los años 2021 y 2022. \u0000Métodos: Se revisó literatura, colecciones de herbarios y bases de datos, se actualizó la nomenclatura, se elaboró una base de datos, se hicieron colectas botánicas y disecciones florales. \u0000Resultados: Se reportan tres géneros y 11 especies silvestres de Gesneriaceae; de las cuales, Achimenes erecta (Lam.) H.P. Fuchs es un nuevo registro para el estado de Morelos, y se registran gesneriáceas en localidades distintas a las previamente conocidas. Los taxones resultantes en Morelos representan el 10 % del total reportado para el país. Además, se enlistan seis géneros, ocho especies y cuatro híbridos de plantas ornamentales. \u0000Conclusiones: Se actualizó la lista de géneros y especies presentes en Morelos, y por primera vez se reportan especies cultivadas. Es el segundo estudio de la familia a nivel estatal en México. Achimenes skinneri Gordon & Lindl. ha reaparecido después de varias décadas como resultado del esfuerzo de recolecta. La perturbación de muchas localidades en la entidad ha afectado la permanencia de las especies silvestres de Gesneriaceae, tal es el caso de Smithiantha zebrina que no fue localizada.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141359960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
José Martín Barreda-Castillo, E. R. Pansarin, J. L. Monribot-Villanueva, J. A. Guerrero-Analco, R. Menchaca-García
Orchids are a diverse group of plants, also manifested in their great diversity of flowers. Despite this, orchids are pollinated either through autogamy or allogamy (geitonogamy and xenogamy). Although there are some autogamous orchids, the majority are allogamous, mainly pollinated by xenogamy since they present physical or genetic barriers that prevent self-pollination. In addition, orchids are known for their capacity for interspecific pollination, which could influence fruits (metaxenia) and seeds (xenia) production. Its capacity for hybridization represents an opportunity to produce organisms tolerant to biotic or abiotic stress, in addition to exhibiting new shapes, colors and fragrances; this would be important in horticulture, where the proper selection of parents provides those advantages to the descendant hybrids. This review addresses the characteristics of each type of reproduction systems in orchids, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. At the same time, the study of the induction effect of metaxenia and xenia in this family is proposed. Finally, the production of orchid hybrids is contextualized and the opportunities of this approach in the near future.
{"title":"Allogamy, metaxenia and hybrids in orchids, what do we know about it?","authors":"José Martín Barreda-Castillo, E. R. Pansarin, J. L. Monribot-Villanueva, J. A. Guerrero-Analco, R. Menchaca-García","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3470","url":null,"abstract":"Orchids are a diverse group of plants, also manifested in their great diversity of flowers. Despite this, orchids are pollinated either through autogamy or allogamy (geitonogamy and xenogamy). Although there are some autogamous orchids, the majority are allogamous, mainly pollinated by xenogamy since they present physical or genetic barriers that prevent self-pollination. In addition, orchids are known for their capacity for interspecific pollination, which could influence fruits (metaxenia) and seeds (xenia) production. Its capacity for hybridization represents an opportunity to produce organisms tolerant to biotic or abiotic stress, in addition to exhibiting new shapes, colors and fragrances; this would be important in horticulture, where the proper selection of parents provides those advantages to the descendant hybrids. This review addresses the characteristics of each type of reproduction systems in orchids, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. At the same time, the study of the induction effect of metaxenia and xenia in this family is proposed. Finally, the production of orchid hybrids is contextualized and the opportunities of this approach in the near future.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141382151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Víctor Olalde Portugal, Heriberto Méndez Cortés, Ana María Del Pilar Navarro Rodríguez, Enrique Ibarra Laclette, Feliza Ramón Farías
Antecedentes: Existen reportes de que los Hongos Micorrizógenos Arbusculares (HMA) incrementan la producción de metabolitos secundarios en plantas medicinales. El género Croton ha sido poco estudiado en este aspecto. C. draco es una especie etnomedicinal, conocer la relación y naturaleza de los HMA, puede contribuir a obtener plantas en cultivo con mayor calidad y cantidad de metabolitos secundarios. Preguntas: ¿Las raíces de C. draco pueden ser colonizadas por HMA? ¿Qué especies de HMA se encuentran en la rizósfera de C. draco? ¿La diversidad de especies de HMA varía dependiendo del ambiente? Sitios de estudio y periodo de investigación: El estudio se hizo en tres localidades del estado de Veracruz, en el año 2019. Métodos: Raíces terciarias de árboles adultos se procesaron y observaron al microscopio compuesto buscando esporas, hifas y arbúsculos de HMA. La diversidad y densidad esporas en la rizosfera de C. draco, se determinó en muestras de suelo, comparando tres sitios de estudio. Los datos se normalizaron y se hicieron pruebas paramétricas. Resultados: Se observaron esporas, hifas y arbúsculos en las raíces de C. draco. La abundancia de esporas y diversidad de HMA fue diferente entre los sitios evaluados. Con base en la morfología de las esporas se reconocieron 14 taxones, de los cuales, solo dos están presentes en los tres sitios. Conclusión: C. draco presentó en sus raíces estructuras propias de los HMA. Basado en los resultados concluimos que las condiciones ambientales influyen en la abundancia de esporas y en la diversidad de especies de HMA.
背景：有报告称，丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）能提高药用植物次生代谢产物的产量。在这方面，对巴豆属的研究很少。 C. draco 是一种民族药用植物，了解 AMF 的关系和性质有助于在栽培中获得质量更高、数量更多的次生代谢物。问题：AMF 是否能在 C. draco 的根部定殖？ 在 C. draco 的根瘤层中发现了哪些种类的 AMF？ AMF 种类的多样性是否因环境而异？研究地点和研究时间：研究于 2019 年在韦拉克鲁斯州的三个地点进行。研究方法：对成年树木的三级根进行处理，并在复合显微镜下观察 AMF 孢子、菌丝和节瘤。 通过比较三个研究地点的土壤样本，确定了 C. draco 根圈中孢子的多样性和密度。对数据进行了归一化处理，并进行了参数检验。 结果：在 C. draco 的根部观察到了孢子、菌丝和假根。孢子丰度和 AMF 多样性在不同的评估地点有所不同。根据孢子形态，可识别出 14 个分类群，其中只有两个分类群在所有三个地点都存在。结论：C. draco 的根部有 AMF 结构。根据研究结果，我们得出结论：环境条件会影响孢子数量和 AMF 物种多样性。
{"title":"Evidencia ecológica de la relación de Croton draco var. draco Schltdl. & Cham. con hongos micorrizógenos","authors":"Víctor Olalde Portugal, Heriberto Méndez Cortés, Ana María Del Pilar Navarro Rodríguez, Enrique Ibarra Laclette, Feliza Ramón Farías","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3412","url":null,"abstract":"Antecedentes: Existen reportes de que los Hongos Micorrizógenos Arbusculares (HMA) incrementan la producción de metabolitos secundarios en plantas medicinales. El género Croton ha sido poco estudiado en este aspecto. C. draco es una especie etnomedicinal, conocer la relación y naturaleza de los HMA, puede contribuir a obtener plantas en cultivo con mayor calidad y cantidad de metabolitos secundarios. \u0000Preguntas: ¿Las raíces de C. draco pueden ser colonizadas por HMA? ¿Qué especies de HMA se encuentran en la rizósfera de C. draco? ¿La diversidad de especies de HMA varía dependiendo del ambiente? \u0000Sitios de estudio y periodo de investigación: El estudio se hizo en tres localidades del estado de Veracruz, en el año 2019. \u0000Métodos: Raíces terciarias de árboles adultos se procesaron y observaron al microscopio compuesto buscando esporas, hifas y arbúsculos de HMA. La diversidad y densidad esporas en la rizosfera de C. draco, se determinó en muestras de suelo, comparando tres sitios de estudio. Los datos se normalizaron y se hicieron pruebas paramétricas. \u0000Resultados: Se observaron esporas, hifas y arbúsculos en las raíces de C. draco. La abundancia de esporas y diversidad de HMA fue diferente entre los sitios evaluados. Con base en la morfología de las esporas se reconocieron 14 taxones, de los cuales, solo dos están presentes en los tres sitios. \u0000Conclusión: C. draco presentó en sus raíces estructuras propias de los HMA. Basado en los resultados concluimos que las condiciones ambientales influyen en la abundancia de esporas y en la diversidad de especies de HMA.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141128665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antecedentes: Aunque la sequía y la defoliación incremetan el riesgo de muerte de las plántulas en los bosques tropicales secos, pocos estudios han evaluado la respuesta de las especies forestales a la combinación de estos factores. Preguntas: ¿Cuál es la estrategia de uso del agua de las plántulas y cómo afecta su crecimiento? ¿Cómo es el impacto de la combinación de Sequía×Defoliación sobre el crecimiento de las especies? Especies estudiadas: Guazuma ulmifolia Lam y Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. Sitio y año de estudio: El estudio se realizó en Autlán, Jalisco, México, entre octubre del 2021 y febrero del 2022. Métodos: En invernadero, las plántulas se sometieron a cuatro tratamientos combinados de disponibilidad de agua y defoliación. Se registró la conductancia estomática y el potencial hídrico de la hoja, y se calculó la tasa de crecimiento relativa, biomasa final y asignación de biomasa. Resultados: G. ulmifolia mostró ser una especie anisohídrica, registró mayor crecimiento y fue más afectada por la sequía, mientras que P. dulce fue más isohídrica, registró menor crecimiento y la defoliación fue el principal estresor. El impacto de la Sequía×Defoliación fue de sinergia en la tasa de crecimiento relativa en las dos especies. Conclusión: Independientemente de la estrategia de uso de agua, en las primeras fases de desarrollo, el impacto de la sequía y defoliación se magnificó cuando interactuaron los estresores. La Sequía×Defoliación puede limitar la regeneración de las especies dentro de los bosques, promoviendo la pérdida de la biodiversidad y el detrimento del funcionamiento de los ecosistemas.
{"title":"Efecto de la sequía y defoliación en el crecimiento de plántulas del bosque tropical seco en el occidente de México","authors":"Karolina Riaño Ospina, María Alejandra Muñoz Arreola, Itzael Mendoza Cuevas, Ramón Cuevas Guzmán, Susana Zuloaga-Aguilar","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3427","url":null,"abstract":"Antecedentes: Aunque la sequía y la defoliación incremetan el riesgo de muerte de las plántulas en los bosques tropicales secos, pocos estudios han evaluado la respuesta de las especies forestales a la combinación de estos factores. \u0000Preguntas: ¿Cuál es la estrategia de uso del agua de las plántulas y cómo afecta su crecimiento? ¿Cómo es el impacto de la combinación de Sequía×Defoliación sobre el crecimiento de las especies? \u0000Especies estudiadas: Guazuma ulmifolia Lam y Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. \u0000Sitio y año de estudio: El estudio se realizó en Autlán, Jalisco, México, entre octubre del 2021 y febrero del 2022. \u0000Métodos: En invernadero, las plántulas se sometieron a cuatro tratamientos combinados de disponibilidad de agua y defoliación. Se registró la conductancia estomática y el potencial hídrico de la hoja, y se calculó la tasa de crecimiento relativa, biomasa final y asignación de biomasa. \u0000Resultados: G. ulmifolia mostró ser una especie anisohídrica, registró mayor crecimiento y fue más afectada por la sequía, mientras que P. dulce fue más isohídrica, registró menor crecimiento y la defoliación fue el principal estresor. El impacto de la Sequía×Defoliación fue de sinergia en la tasa de crecimiento relativa en las dos especies. \u0000Conclusión: Independientemente de la estrategia de uso de agua, en las primeras fases de desarrollo, el impacto de la sequía y defoliación se magnificó cuando interactuaron los estresores. La Sequía×Defoliación puede limitar la regeneración de las especies dentro de los bosques, promoviendo la pérdida de la biodiversidad y el detrimento del funcionamiento de los ecosistemas.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140364686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mauricio Soto-David, J. P. Pinzón, I. Ramírez‐Morillo, Claudia J. Ramírez-Díaz, N. Raigoza
Background: Previous phylogenetic analyses suggested that Aechmea bracteata is not a monophyletic species, being each variety an individual lineage within the Aechmea bracteata complex. Hypothesis: A phylogenetic analysis based on molecular data and a morphological analysis will provide evidence to support the taxonomic recognition of A. bracteata var. pacifica as a distinct species. Studies species: A. bracteata var. bracteata, A. bracteata var. pacifica and related species. Study site and dates: Mexico to Northern South America; 17 populations from Southeastern and Western Mexico. Analyses were performed between 2021 and 2023. Methods: A linear morphometric analysis was conducted with 85 herbarium specimens testing 28 quantitative and three qualitative variables. Potential diagnostic traits were reviewed in living specimens. A phylogenetic analysis was performed with two nDNA markers (ETS and g3pdh) and one cpDNA marker (trnL-F). A total of 373 records were projected into biogeographical provinces of the Neotropics. Results: The morphometric analysis allowed to separate each variety into a group, also, nine of the evaluated traits resulted statistically significant through a univariate analysis. Five additional diagnostic traits from the inflorescence and leaves were recognized. According to nDNA both taxa present reciprocal monophyly, however, cpDNA groups A. bracteata var. pacifica with Central American species, showcasing a potential hybrid origin. Geographically, the Sierra Madre del Sur acts as a barrier between both taxa. Conclusions: Due to the gathered evidence is possible to recognize A. bracteata var. pacifica as an endemic species to Mexico, reestablishing the basionym A. laxiflora.
{"title":"Re-establishment of Aechmea laxiflora (Bromeliaceae, Bromelioideae) based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence, with notes on its geographical distribution","authors":"Mauricio Soto-David, J. P. Pinzón, I. Ramírez‐Morillo, Claudia J. Ramírez-Díaz, N. Raigoza","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3389","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Previous phylogenetic analyses suggested that Aechmea bracteata is not a monophyletic species, being each variety an individual lineage within the Aechmea bracteata complex. \u0000Hypothesis: A phylogenetic analysis based on molecular data and a morphological analysis will provide evidence to support the taxonomic recognition of A. bracteata var. pacifica as a distinct species. \u0000Studies species: A. bracteata var. bracteata, A. bracteata var. pacifica and related species. \u0000Study site and dates: Mexico to Northern South America; 17 populations from Southeastern and Western Mexico. Analyses were performed between 2021 and 2023. \u0000Methods: A linear morphometric analysis was conducted with 85 herbarium specimens testing 28 quantitative and three qualitative variables. Potential diagnostic traits were reviewed in living specimens. A phylogenetic analysis was performed with two nDNA markers (ETS and g3pdh) and one cpDNA marker (trnL-F). A total of 373 records were projected into biogeographical provinces of the Neotropics. \u0000Results: The morphometric analysis allowed to separate each variety into a group, also, nine of the evaluated traits resulted statistically significant through a univariate analysis. Five additional diagnostic traits from the inflorescence and leaves were recognized. According to nDNA both taxa present reciprocal monophyly, however, cpDNA groups A. bracteata var. pacifica with Central American species, showcasing a potential hybrid origin. Geographically, the Sierra Madre del Sur acts as a barrier between both taxa. \u0000Conclusions: Due to the gathered evidence is possible to recognize A. bracteata var. pacifica as an endemic species to Mexico, reestablishing the basionym A. laxiflora.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140373732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan Pablo Ortíz-Brunel, M. McKain, Pilar Zamora-Tavares, E. Ruíz-Sánchez, Daniela Sanchez, Isaac Sandoval-Padilla, Bryan N. MacNeill, Aarón Rodríguez
Background: The chloroplast genomes of Cactaceae exhibit boundary modifications in the inverted repeat regions (IRs), gene inversions, and deletions. Among nine Mammillaria species, three distinct chloroplast structures have been identified, although not all of these correspond to the morphology-based classification of the genus. Question: Is there a distinct chloroplast genome structure in the species of Mammillaria series Stylothelae? Studied species: Mammillaria bocasana and M. erythrosperma. Study site and dates: Mexico from 2019 to 2023. Methods: Chloroplast DNA was sequenced, and chloroplast genomes were de novo assembled using the Fast-Plast program. Complete plastome sequences were annotated and verified. The sequences were aligned in MAUVE program to detect possible structural changes. A maximum likelihood phylogeny was executed to evaluate the relationships of the studied species. Results: The plastomes ranged from 107,368 bp in Mammillaria bocasana to 108,069 bp in M. erythrosperma. Both presented a quadripartite structure and contained 108 genes. The IRs were ~ 1,600 bp long and included the genes rpl2, rpl23 (pseudo), and trnI-CAU. MAUVE identified a ~ 21 kb inversion in the large single copy containing a block of genes related to photosynthesis. The phylogenetic analysis placed both species in a single clade separated from the other species within Mammillaria subg. Mammillaria. Conclusions: The studied species of Mammillaria series Stylothelae exhibited a different and synapomorphic chloroplast genome structure. Other Mammillaria chloroplast genome structures have evolved independently in different lineages.
背景：仙人掌科（Cactaceae）的叶绿体基因组在倒位重复区（IRs）、基因倒位和缺失方面表现出边界修饰。在九个仙人掌属物种中，已发现三种不同的叶绿体结构，但并非所有这些结构都与仙人掌属基于形态学的分类一致。问题在 Mammillaria 系列 Stylothelae 物种中，是否存在独特的叶绿体基因组结构？研究物种：Mammillaria bocasana 和 M. erythrosperma。研究地点和日期：墨西哥，2019 年至 2023 年。研究方法对叶绿体 DNA 进行测序，并使用 Fast-Plast 程序重新组装叶绿体基因组。对完整的质粒体序列进行了注释和验证。用 MAUVE 程序对序列进行比对，以检测可能的结构变化。采用最大似然法系统进化评估研究物种的关系。结果质粒范围从 Mammillaria bocasana 的 107,368 bp 到 M. erythrosperma 的 108,069 bp。两者都呈现四分体结构，包含 108 个基因。IRs长约1,600 bp，包括基因rpl2、rpl23（假）和trnI-CAU。MAUVE 在大的单拷贝中发现了一个约 21 kb 的反转，其中包含与光合作用有关的基因块。系统进化分析将这两个物种归入一个支系，与 Mammillaria 亚种中的其他物种分开。结论所研究的Mammillaria系列Stylothelae物种表现出不同的叶绿体基因组结构。其他哺乳纲的叶绿体基因组结构在不同的品系中独立进化。
{"title":"Two chloroplast genomes with reduced inverted repeat regions in Mammillaria series Stylothelae (Cactaceae)","authors":"Juan Pablo Ortíz-Brunel, M. McKain, Pilar Zamora-Tavares, E. Ruíz-Sánchez, Daniela Sanchez, Isaac Sandoval-Padilla, Bryan N. MacNeill, Aarón Rodríguez","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3446","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The chloroplast genomes of Cactaceae exhibit boundary modifications in the inverted repeat regions (IRs), gene inversions, and deletions. Among nine Mammillaria species, three distinct chloroplast structures have been identified, although not all of these correspond to the morphology-based classification of the genus. \u0000Question: Is there a distinct chloroplast genome structure in the species of Mammillaria series Stylothelae? \u0000Studied species: Mammillaria bocasana and M. erythrosperma. \u0000Study site and dates: Mexico from 2019 to 2023. \u0000Methods: Chloroplast DNA was sequenced, and chloroplast genomes were de novo assembled using the Fast-Plast program. Complete plastome sequences were annotated and verified. The sequences were aligned in MAUVE program to detect possible structural changes. A maximum likelihood phylogeny was executed to evaluate the relationships of the studied species. \u0000Results: The plastomes ranged from 107,368 bp in Mammillaria bocasana to 108,069 bp in M. erythrosperma. Both presented a quadripartite structure and contained 108 genes. The IRs were ~ 1,600 bp long and included the genes rpl2, rpl23 (pseudo), and trnI-CAU. MAUVE identified a ~ 21 kb inversion in the large single copy containing a block of genes related to photosynthesis. The phylogenetic analysis placed both species in a single clade separated from the other species within Mammillaria subg. Mammillaria. \u0000Conclusions: The studied species of Mammillaria series Stylothelae exhibited a different and synapomorphic chloroplast genome structure. Other Mammillaria chloroplast genome structures have evolved independently in different lineages.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140374987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rodrigo Duno de Stefano, Mayte Aguilar-Canché, Germán Carnevali Fernández-Concha, I. Ramírez‐Morillo, J. Tapia-Muñoz, G. Reyes-Palomeque, D. Angulo
Background: One of the most diverse and threatened plant associations in the Yucatan peninsula has not been characterized and therefore not included in any protection category in Mexico. We characterize and describe this plant association, which is rapidly disappearing or being irreversibly transformed as a result of anthropic activities. We propose a name and attempt a preliminary assessment of its taxonomic richness, and the identification of priority species to be preserved. Questions: What is the species richness and plant endemism associated within this plant association? What are the ecologically important and high-priority species for conservation? How is it different from associated or similar plant associations? Studied species: Vascular plants. Study site and dates: Northern Yucatan peninsula; 2021-2023. Methods: The plant association was characterized, and quantitative parameters were recorded. The Importance Value Index was estimated to assess its local ecological importance, and each species was assigned a conservation category in order to evaluate the conservation status in a global context. Results: We propose Seasonally flooded Coquinal (SFC) as a name for this plant association based on geomorphological, physiognomic, and structural attributes. A total of 206 species were recorded, which two are endemic to the SFC and 28 to the Yucatan Peninsula Biotic Province (YPBP). Twelve species are listed under a risk category. Conclusions: The SFC harbors a high plant diversity of endemic species to the YPBP, 12 of which are included in the IUCN red list, for which its typification and conservation should be a high priority in Mexico.
{"title":"Seasonally flooded Coquinal: typifying a particular plant association in the northern Yucatan peninsula, Mexico","authors":"Rodrigo Duno de Stefano, Mayte Aguilar-Canché, Germán Carnevali Fernández-Concha, I. Ramírez‐Morillo, J. Tapia-Muñoz, G. Reyes-Palomeque, D. Angulo","doi":"10.17129/botsci.3388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3388","url":null,"abstract":"Background: One of the most diverse and threatened plant associations in the Yucatan peninsula has not been characterized and therefore not included in any protection category in Mexico. We characterize and describe this plant association, which is rapidly disappearing or being irreversibly transformed as a result of anthropic activities. We propose a name and attempt a preliminary assessment of its taxonomic richness, and the identification of priority species to be preserved. \u0000Questions: What is the species richness and plant endemism associated within this plant association? What are the ecologically important and high-priority species for conservation? How is it different from associated or similar plant associations? \u0000Studied species: Vascular plants. \u0000Study site and dates: Northern Yucatan peninsula; 2021-2023. \u0000Methods: The plant association was characterized, and quantitative parameters were recorded. The Importance Value Index was estimated to assess its local ecological importance, and each species was assigned a conservation category in order to evaluate the conservation status in a global context. \u0000Results: We propose Seasonally flooded Coquinal (SFC) as a name for this plant association based on geomorphological, physiognomic, and structural attributes. A total of 206 species were recorded, which two are endemic to the SFC and 28 to the Yucatan Peninsula Biotic Province (YPBP). Twelve species are listed under a risk category. \u0000Conclusions: The SFC harbors a high plant diversity of endemic species to the YPBP, 12 of which are included in the IUCN red list, for which its typification and conservation should be a high priority in Mexico.","PeriodicalId":54375,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140225670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：