Perspectives on Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation for Weed Management

Abstract

Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) is a pre-plant soil modification method in which soil is amended with easily degradable organic matter followed by saturation with water and covering with plastic sheeting for several weeks to create anaerobic conditions. This process promotes stale seedbed conditions and encourages seed germination. In time, changes in soil physical, chemical, and biological conditions kill the weed seeds and seedlings. Anaerobic soil disinfestation has been used to suppress soilborne plant pathogens. Studies indicate that ASD can contribute to weed management in production systems where pesticides are not permitted or are economically prohibitive. Although most available literature focuses on plant pathogens, in this review we have consolidated the information on the efficacy of ASD for weed management, using examples from widely distributed weed species. We also pose a potential mechanism of action for weed seed mortality due to ASD treatment. Potential areas of research for refinement and validation of ASD for weed management for its broader adaptability have also been described. Finally, we elaborate on the potential of cover crop incorporation in ASD for weed management in specialty crops.