{"title":"Free-Riders in the Nonprofit Industrial Complex: The Problem of Flexitarianism","authors":"C. Wrenn","doi":"10.1163/15685306-12341544","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Social movements have traditionally viewed free-riders as a problem for effective mobilization, but under the influence of the nonprofit industrial complex, it is possible \nthat movements actively facilitate their presence. Free-riders become an economic \nresource to professionalized movements seeking to increase wealth and visibility in \nthe crowded social movement space by discouraging meaningful attitude or behavior change from their audiences and concentrating power among movement elites. \nActively cultivated free-riding is exemplified by the professionalized Nonhuman \nAnimal rights movement which promotes flexitarianism over ethical veganism despite \nits goal of nonhuman liberation. Major social-psychological theories of persuasion in \naddition to 44 studies on vegan and vegetarian motivation are examined to illustrate \nhow free-rider flexitarianism is at odds with stated goals, thereby suggesting an alternative utility in flexitarianism as a means of facilitating a disengaged public.","PeriodicalId":22000,"journal":{"name":"Society & Animals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6000,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/15685306-12341544","citationCount":"5","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Society & Animals","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341544","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"SOCIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Abstract
Social movements have traditionally viewed free-riders as a problem for effective mobilization, but under the influence of the nonprofit industrial complex, it is possible
that movements actively facilitate their presence. Free-riders become an economic
resource to professionalized movements seeking to increase wealth and visibility in
the crowded social movement space by discouraging meaningful attitude or behavior change from their audiences and concentrating power among movement elites.
Actively cultivated free-riding is exemplified by the professionalized Nonhuman
Animal rights movement which promotes flexitarianism over ethical veganism despite
its goal of nonhuman liberation. Major social-psychological theories of persuasion in
addition to 44 studies on vegan and vegetarian motivation are examined to illustrate
how free-rider flexitarianism is at odds with stated goals, thereby suggesting an alternative utility in flexitarianism as a means of facilitating a disengaged public.
期刊介绍：
Society & Animals publishes studies that describe and analyze our experiences of non-human animals from the perspective of various disciplines within both the Social Sciences (e.g., psychology, sociology, anthropology, political science) and the Humanities (e.g., history, literary criticism).
The journal specifically deals with subjects such as human-animal interactions in various settings (animal cruelty, the therapeutic uses of animals), the applied uses of animals (research, education, medicine and agriculture), the use of animals in popular culture (e.g. dog-fighting, circus, animal companion, animal research), attitudes toward animals as affected by different socializing agencies and strategies, representations of animals in literature, the history of the domestication of animals, the politics of animal welfare, and the constitution of the animal rights movement.
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