Critical review on the E. A. Davydova reindeer Herders of Chukotka: power, kinship, relations with the state (based on materials from the 19th and first half of the 20th centuries). Saint Petersburg: MAE RAN, 2022. 316 p.

Анна Анатольевна Сирина
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Постановка темы обусловлена содержанием дневниковых записей, когда их автор оказалась на самой низкой социальной позиции в чукотском сообществе, и поэтому властные отношения невольно нашли отражение в ее дневниковых записях. Успех книги определило сочетание нескольких факторов: малоизученная тема, уникальные полевые материалы, высокий уровень их анализа и интерпретации. Книга Е. А. Давыдовой основана на теоретических работах М. Фуко, Э. Гидденса, К. Вульфа и других зарубежных и российских ученых, а также на исторической, этнографической, антропологической литературе, созданной в XIX–XXI вв. В связи со спецификой ключевого источника автор использовала микроисторический и биографический методы. Знаковые и, казалось бы, хорошо известные особенности чукотской культуры, такие как «товарищество по жене» (групповой брак), гостеприимный гетеризм, обычай добровольной смерти, обычай превращения пола, употребление галлюциногенов и ряд других, Е. А. 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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Монография Е. А. Давыдовой исследует властные отношения чукотских оленеводов с XIX по середину XX в. Властные отношения оленных чукчей проанализированы автором в повседневной жизни, в родственных отношениях, ритуальных знаниях, во взаимоотношениях с государством. Это первое антропологическое исследование, специально посвященное властным отношениям у чукчей. Ключевым источником книги стали никогда ранее не публиковавшиеся уникальные дневники советского этнографа Варвары Григорьевны Кузнецовой, работавшей в ЛО ИЭ АН СССР в 1940–50-х гг. Постановка темы обусловлена содержанием дневниковых записей, когда их автор оказалась на самой низкой социальной позиции в чукотском сообществе, и поэтому властные отношения невольно нашли отражение в ее дневниковых записях. Успех книги определило сочетание нескольких факторов: малоизученная тема, уникальные полевые материалы, высокий уровень их анализа и интерпретации. Книга Е. А. Давыдовой основана на теоретических работах М. Фуко, Э. Гидденса, К. Вульфа и других зарубежных и российских ученых, а также на исторической, этнографической, антропологической литературе, созданной в XIX–XXI вв. В связи со спецификой ключевого источника автор использовала микроисторический и биографический методы. Знаковые и, казалось бы, хорошо известные особенности чукотской культуры, такие как «товарищество по жене» (групповой брак), гостеприимный гетеризм, обычай добровольной смерти, обычай превращения пола, употребление галлюциногенов и ряд других, Е. А. Давыдовой удалось интерпретировать в контексте властных отношений и таким образом придать им новое измерение. В книге много уникальной информации по чукотской этнографии в хозяйственно-бытовой сфере (использование пространства, пища в контексте ее потребления, свободное время, домашнее насилие и др.); социальных отношениях, когда родство рассмотрено как ресурс и символический капитал. Особая глава посвящена отношениям чукчей с государством. The monograph by E. A. Davydova examines power relations in the communities of Chukchi reindeer herders from the 19th to the middle of the 20th century. The author analyzes the power relations of the reindeer Chukchi in everyday life, family relations, ritual knowledge, and relations with the state. This is the first anthropological study that deals specifically with power relations among the Chukchi. The book's primary source is the unique diaries of the Soviet ethnographer Varvara Kuznetsova, who worked in the Leningrad branch of the Institute of Ethnography of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the 1940s and 50s. The framework of the topic arose from the content of the diary entries, as their author held the lowest social position in the Chukchi community, and therefore power relations were involuntarily reflected in her diary entries. The success of the reviewed book was determined by a combination of several factors: a little-researched subject, unique field material by V. Kuznetsova, and a high level of analysis and interpretation by the book's author. E. A. Davydova based her study on the theoretical works of M. Foucault, E. Giddens, K. Wolfe, and other foreign and Russian scientists and on historical, ethnographic, and anthropological literature from the 19th to the 21st centuries. Due to the peculiarities of the key source, the author used micro-historical and biographical methods. The “signs” and well-known features of the Chukchi culture, such as “spousal companionship” (men concluded a friendship agreement among themselves, according to which each of them had the right to his friend's wife), hospitable hetarism, the custom of voluntary death, the custom of gender transformation, the use of hallucinogens and a number of others, the author managed to interpret them in the context of power relations and give them a new understanding. The book contains a lot of new, unique information about Chukchi ethnography in the field of household (use of space, food related to its consumption; leisure, domestic violence); social relations when kinship is considered as a resource and symbolic capital. A special chapter is devoted to Chukchi's relations with the state.
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对楚科奇的E.A.Davydova驯鹿牧民的批判性评论:权力、亲属关系、与国家的关系(基于19世纪和20世纪上半叶的材料)。圣彼得堡:MAE RAN,2022。316页。
专著A.国际合作达维多娃研究了19世纪至20世纪中叶楚科奇驯鹿牧民的权力关系。作者在日常生活、亲属关系、仪式知识和与国家的关系中分析了驯鹿楚克奇人的权力关系。这是第一个专门研究楚克奇权力关系的人类学研究。这本书的主要来源是苏联民族志学家芭芭拉·库兹涅佐娃(Barvara Kuznetsova)从未出版过的独特日记,她在1940-50年代曾在苏联科学院(苏联科学院)工作。这一主题的出现是由于日记的内容,当时作者在楚科奇社区处于最低的社会地位,因此她的权力关系无意中反映在日记中。这本书的成功取决于几个因素的结合:一个鲜为人知的主题,独特的实地材料,高水平的分析和解释。电子书A.国际合作达维多娃基于M.的理论工作。福柯,呃。吉登斯,K。沃尔夫和其他外国和俄罗斯科学家,以及19-21世纪创作的历史、民族志和人类学文献。由于主要来源的特殊性,作者采用了微观历史和传记方法。楚科奇文化的标志性和看似众所周知的特征,如“妻子合伙”(群婚)、热情好客的异性恋、自愿死亡的习俗、变性的习俗、使用致幻剂等。A.国际合作达维多娃设法在权力关系的背景下解释,从而赋予权力关系一个新的维度。这本书包含了许多关于经济和家庭领域楚科奇民族志的独特信息(空间的使用、消费背景下的食物、空闲时间、家庭暴力等);社会关系,即亲属关系被视为资源和象征资本。一个特别的章节是关于楚克奇人与国家的关系。The monograph by E. A. Davydova examines power relations in the communities of Chukchi reindeer herders from the 19th to the middle of the 20th century. The author analyzes the power relations of the reindeer Chukchi in everyday life, family relations, ritual knowledge, and relations with the state. This is the first anthropological study that deals specifically with power relations among the Chukchi. The book's primary source is the unique diaries of the Soviet ethnographer Varvara Kuznetsova, who worked in the Leningrad branch of the Institute of Ethnography of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the 1940s and 50s. The framework of the topic arose from the content of the diary entries, as their author held the lowest social position in the Chukchi community, and therefore power relations were involuntarily reflected in her diary entries. The success of the reviewed book was determined by a combination of several factors: a little-researched subject, unique field material by V. Kuznetsova, and a high level of analysis and interpretation by the book's author. E. A. Davydova based her study on the theoretical works of M. Foucault, E. Giddens, K. Wolfe, and other foreign and Russian scientists and on historical, ethnographic, and anthropological literature from the 19th to the 21st centuries. Due to the peculiarities of the key source, the author used micro-historical and biographical methods. The “signs” and well-known features of the Chukchi culture, such as “spousal companionship” (men concluded a friendship agreement among themselves, according to which each of them had the right to his friend's wife), hospitable hetarism, the custom of voluntary death, the custom of gender transformation, the use of hallucinogens and a number of others, the author managed to interpret them in the context of power relations and give them a new understanding. The book contains a lot of new, unique information about Chukchi ethnography in the field of household (use of space, food related to its consumption; leisure, domestic violence); social relations when kinship is considered as a resource and symbolic capital. A special chapter is devoted to Chukchi's relations with the state.
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