The pros and cons of reshoring to address the problems of shortages in global pharmaceutical value chains: the case of antibiotics

E. Baraldi, Francesco Ciabuschi, L. Fratocchi
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose Antibiotics shortages have become an increasingly common problem in Europe because of several reasons, including the offshoring of the production of active pharmaceutical ingredients for many of these products to low production cost countries, such as China and India. The problem has deteriorated because of the Covid-19 crisis that has put most global value chains (GVCs) under great stress. This situation has boosted extensive discussions among academics, practitioners and policymakers on possible changes to the configuration of GVCs. This paper aims to focus specifically on antibiotics supply chains from the perspective of a small country (Sweden), and analyse the pros and cons of backshoring and nearshoring alternatives, as a means to reduce drug shortages. Design/methodology/approach This work adopts a systemic perspective to capture the implications of reshoring for the different stakeholders involved in the antibiotics field. The present meso-analysis, focusing at the industry level, is based on multiple sources of primary data collected between 2014 and 2021, including participation in policy-related projects and interviews with over 100 representatives of key stakeholders in the antibiotics field. Findings This paper shows how reshoring can address the problems of drug shortages and reduce availability risk in antibiotics’ GVCs. However, the authors show that no simple and best solution exists because both alternatives of reshoring, i.e. backshoring and nearshoring, entail pros and cons for different stakeholders. The authors conclude with implications for policymakers and managers. Research limitations/implications The analysis of pros and cons of both backshoring and nearshoring for various stakeholders offers relevant implications for research on operations and supply management, international business and economics/political science. Originality/value This paper looks at reshoring as a policy-driven decision and provides an innovative systemic perspective to analyse the implications for different stakeholders of two reshoring options concerning the antibiotics supply chain.
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解决全球制药价值链短缺问题的回流利弊:以抗生素为例
抗生素短缺在欧洲已成为一个日益普遍的问题,原因有几个,包括将许多这些产品的活性药物成分的生产外包到生产成本较低的国家,如中国和印度。由于新冠肺炎危机使大多数全球价值链承受巨大压力,这一问题进一步恶化。这种情况促使学术界、实践者和政策制定者就全球价值链结构可能发生的变化进行了广泛的讨论。本文旨在从一个小国(瑞典)的角度特别关注抗生素供应链,并分析作为减少药物短缺手段的后岸和近岸替代方案的利弊。设计/方法/方法本工作采用系统视角来捕捉回流对抗生素领域不同利益相关者的影响。目前的中观分析侧重于行业层面,基于2014年至2021年期间收集的多个原始数据来源,包括参与政策相关项目和对抗生素领域主要利益相关者的100多名代表的访谈。这篇论文展示了回流如何能够解决抗生素全球价值链中的药物短缺问题并降低可得性风险。然而,作者表明,不存在简单和最佳的解决方案,因为回流的两种选择,即回流和近岸,对不同的利益相关者都有利弊。作者总结了对决策者和管理者的启示。研究的局限/启示对不同持份者而言,分析后外包和近岸外包的利弊,可为营运和供应管理、国际商业和经济/政治学的研究提供相关的启示。原创性/价值本文将回流视为一项政策驱动的决策,并提供了一个创新的系统视角来分析抗生素供应链中两种回流选择对不同利益相关者的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
9.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
31
期刊介绍: The Journal of Global Operations and Strategic Sourcing aims to foster and lead the international debate on global operations and strategic sourcing. It provides a central, authoritative and independent forum for the critical evaluation and dissemination of research and development, applications, processes and current practices relating to sourcing strategically for products, services, competences and resources on a global scale and to designing, implementing and managing the resulting global operations. Journal of Global Operations and Strategic Sourcing places a strong emphasis on applied research with relevant implications for both knowledge and practice. Also, the journal aims to facilitate the exchange of ideas and opinions on research projects and issues. As such, on top of a standard section publishing scientific articles, there will be two additional sections: "The Industry ViewPoint": in this section, industrial practitioners from around the world will be invited (max 2 contributions per issue) to present their point of view on a relevant subject area. This is intended to give the journal not just an academic focus, but a practical focus as well. In this way, we intend to reflect a trend that has characterised the past few decades, where interests and initiatives in research, academia and industry have been more and more converging to the point of collaborative relationships being a common practice. "Research Updates - Executive Summaries". In this section, researchers around the world will be given the opportunity to present their research projects in the area of global sourcing and outsourcing by means of an executive summary of their project. This will increase awareness of the on-going research projects in the area and it will attract interest from industry.
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