COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMICS OF DEVELOPMENT OF INSURANCE IN THE SPHERE OF WATER TRANSPORT: UKRAINIAN PRACTICE AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE

Abstract

Topicality. Water transport is an important part of the infrastructure of the transport system of any country that has access to the sea or inland waterways and the ability of the country to participate in international trade and transport goods abroad. There is a certain water dependence, which is determined by the geographical access of countries to maritime and inland waterways, since access to them is one of the key factors in attracting world capital. By means of water transport in Ukraine, one third of all cargoes in the field of water transport are annually transported by inland waterways, among which are mainly construction cargo, grain, metal products, chemical products. However, when transporting goods, there are certain risks that require insurance when using water transport. Therefore, it is important in the current conditions of the policy of resource saving and greening of water transport activities to conduct research on the economic aspects of water transport insurance, in particular insurance of risks arising from the use of sea and inland waterways of Ukraine, during the conduct of economic activities by water transport enterprises require a separate study for the merits of favorable economic conditions for international cooperation, harmonization of the economic qualities of the foreign policy of states, increasing the efficiency of domestic insurance, etc.Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to conduct a comparative analysis of Ukrainian practice and foreign experience in the dynamics of the development of insurance in the field of water transport.Research results. The current insurance international and domestic organizations consider the issues of insurance in the field of water transport and taking into account climatic, economic, political, environmental, informational, innovative and other factors that improve the conditions under which insurance takes place: ships as property against any adverse events that protect the ship, taking into account the furniture and objects of the vessel; liability under which the ship is insured in the event of an accident, collision or any attack that may result in loss or damage; cargo, in which expenses are compensated for the loss or damage to the cargo of the shipping company from the insurance company. Based on the statistical and analytical data of international organizations, it has been determined that the greatest demandin terms of insurance premiums is for cargo and property insurance services of shipping companies among the countries of Europe and the Asia-Pacific region. The materials of the National Commission, which carries out state regulation in the field of financial services markets, whose functions in the field of insurance have been distributed to the National Bank of Ukraine since July 1, 2020, have been analyzed; water transport, provided for by the legislation of Ukraine. Based on the use of methods of retrospective and statistical analysis, detailing and comparison, an analysis of the main indicators of voluntary insurance was carried out: in the field of water transport of Ukraine (marine inland and other types of water transport), which determined the positive recovery dynamics of the development of this type of insurance with a simultaneous increase in net insurance premiums ; liability of water transport owners (including the liability of the carrier), according to which the annual loss of consumers is determined, which is mainly due to the reduction in the number of water transport vehicles and its high wear and tear, which, in turn, makes it impossible to accept the corresponding risks and insurance; cargo and luggage (cargo luggage), which has a significant positive development dynamics and is the largest type of insurance in terms of gross receipts of insurance payments and is in significant demand among water transport entities.Conclusion. Based on the analysis of foreign experience, it was determined that, in general, the global marine insurance market has positive trends, which is mainly due to the increase in the premium base and significantly low claims in 2020, as well as the gradual recovery of the economies of countries after the first consequences of the pandemic. An analysis of Ukrainian practice made it possible to establish the dynamics of the development of insurance in the field of water transport, the absence and receipt of insurance payments (premiums, contributions), and, accordingly, insurance payments for compulsory types of insurance in the field of water transport, provided for by domestic legislation. However, in the field of voluntary insurance, based on the number of contracts, the volume of insurance payments and payments, cargo and luggage insurance (cargo luggage) is in greatest demand. Also, agreements are made on insurance of water transport (marine inland and other types of water transport) and liability insurance of water transport owners (including the liability of the carrier). The studies carried out made it possible to determine the need to improve the regulatory framework for the development of insurance on inland waterways in order to protect and preserve the environment, as well as to minimize pollution risks and impose liability on insurance companies.