Detailed mechanisms of hydrogen charging and hydrogen stress cracking of steel in liquid ammonia storage

IF 1.3 Q4 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Materiaux & Techniques Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI:10.1051/mattech/2019022
J. Crolet
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Abstract

When the unprecedented environmental cracking of steel in liquid ammonia was collectively studied, its undisputable “anodic character” was taken as the signature of a stress corrosion cracking mechanism, which is effectively the case in aqueous corrosion. Conversely, when the metallurgical precautions proved to be the same as in sour service, this strongly suggested a hydrogen stress cracking mechanism. In aqueous corrosion, however, this can only occur by cathodic hydrogen charging at low potential, and for 50 years, this basic contradiction could never be overcome. Actually, it occurs that the liquid ammonia solvent (NH3) is 50% richer in hydrogen than the water solvent (OH2), so that hydrogen gas can also be produced by a partial oxidisation into ½ N2 + H2. This therefore induces a theoretical possibility of an “anodic” hydrogen charging, or more exactly a protonic cathodic reaction only running at high potential on passive iron in oxygen contaminated ammonia. And once the detrimental potential is achieved through appropriate combinations of oxygen and water traces, the charging process becomes an autonomous oxidation-reduction at the steel surface NH3 → ½ N2 + H2 + (H+ + e−)steel. In Part II (Jean-Louis Crolet, Matériaux & Techniques 107, 402, 2019), this new assumption will be successfully confronted to all the factual data from both field and laboratory experience.
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钢在液氨储存过程中的充氢和氢应力开裂机理
当对钢在液氨中史无前例的环境开裂进行综合研究时,将其无可争议的“阳极性”作为应力腐蚀开裂机制的标志,这在水腐蚀中是有效的。相反,当冶金预防措施被证明与酸性服务相同时,这强烈表明氢应力开裂机制。然而,在含水腐蚀中,这只能通过低电位的阴极氢充电来实现,并且50年来,这个基本矛盾永远无法克服。实际上,液态氨溶剂(NH3)的氢含量比水溶剂(OH2)高50%,因此氢气也可以通过部分氧化生成1 / 2 N2 + H2。因此,这就产生了一种理论上的“阳极”氢充电的可能性,或者更确切地说,是一种质子阴极反应,仅在氧污染的氨中的钝化铁上以高电位运行。一旦通过适当的氧和水的组合达到有害电位,充电过程就成为钢表面NH3→½N2 + H2 + (H+ + e−)钢的自主氧化还原过程。在第二部分(Jean-Louis Crolet, mat riaux & Techniques 107,402, 2019)中,这个新的假设将成功地面对来自现场和实验室经验的所有事实数据。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Materiaux & Techniques
Materiaux & Techniques MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
1.50
自引率
11.10%
发文量
20
期刊介绍: Matériaux & Techniques informs you, through high-quality and peer-reviewed research papers on research and progress in the domain of materials: physical-chemical characterization, implementation, resistance of materials in their environment (properties of use, modelling)... The journal concerns all materials, metals and alloys, nanotechnology, plastics, elastomers, composite materials, glass or ceramics. This journal for materials scientists, chemists, physicists, ceramicists, engineers, metallurgists and students provides 6 issues per year plus a special issue. Each issue, in addition to scientific articles on specialized topics, also contains selected technical news (conference announcements, new products etc.).
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