Bruno Passilly, Ariane Quelquejeu, Amélie Kardache
In the aeronautical field, materials are used in severe environmental conditions (temperature, atmosphere), particularly for engine applications. In order to qualify new alloys compositions, ONERA is developing micromechanical characterization means to carry out indentation tests from room temperature up to 700 °C under conditions close to operating conditions. This method presents the interest of performing tests faster than classical mechanical tests like tensile or bending tests under severe conditions and with small amounts of materials. In order to carry out screening tests, a 316L stainless steel is studied and the evolution of hot Vickers hardness properties and yield stress versus temperature are presented. By increasing the applied load from 0.1 to 20 N, we show that we can neglect surface microstructural changes or possible contamination of the sample surface by oxidation. We show that from 0.5 N, the hardness measurement is independent of load on 316L stainless steel. By using Tabor’s law to express the mechanical resistance, we show that the hardness decreases by 50% when the test temperature goes from 20 to 700 °C, which is close to the supplier’s values. A discussion on the use of indentation to determine mechanical resistance and the limitations of this technique is presented. In perspective, these measurements could be carried out at 1000 °C and on many different materials such as layers, coatings, composite materials, brazing cords or additive manufacturing materials.
{"title":"Mechanical properties of stainless steel by using high temperature microhardness tester","authors":"Bruno Passilly, Ariane Quelquejeu, Amélie Kardache","doi":"10.1051/mattech/2023021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2023021","url":null,"abstract":"In the aeronautical field, materials are used in severe environmental conditions (temperature, atmosphere), particularly for engine applications. In order to qualify new alloys compositions, ONERA is developing micromechanical characterization means to carry out indentation tests from room temperature up to 700 °C under conditions close to operating conditions. This method presents the interest of performing tests faster than classical mechanical tests like tensile or bending tests under severe conditions and with small amounts of materials. In order to carry out screening tests, a 316L stainless steel is studied and the evolution of hot Vickers hardness properties and yield stress versus temperature are presented. By increasing the applied load from 0.1 to 20 N, we show that we can neglect surface microstructural changes or possible contamination of the sample surface by oxidation. We show that from 0.5 N, the hardness measurement is independent of load on 316L stainless steel. By using Tabor’s law to express the mechanical resistance, we show that the hardness decreases by 50% when the test temperature goes from 20 to 700 °C, which is close to the supplier’s values. A discussion on the use of indentation to determine mechanical resistance and the limitations of this technique is presented. In perspective, these measurements could be carried out at 1000 °C and on many different materials such as layers, coatings, composite materials, brazing cords or additive manufacturing materials.","PeriodicalId":43816,"journal":{"name":"Materiaux & Techniques","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136004579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Outstanding packaging design can improve the attractiveness of products and thus increase their competitiveness in the market. This article incorporated traditional papercutting into packaging design and conducted a case analysis of the designed packaging scheme. In the analysis process, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied to construct the evaluation structure, and a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) was used to conduct preliminary evaluations of the design scheme. Further analysis was then carried out based on the direction indicated by the preliminary evaluation. The results suggested that the CNN algorithm had better evaluation performance compared to the back-propagation neural network and support vector machine algorithms. The comparison between the CNN evaluation results and the manual evaluation results further confirmed the evaluation performance of the CNN algorithm. The integration of papercutting elements in the packaging design effectively enhanced the visibility and attractiveness of the packaging.
{"title":"The application of various papercutting elements in packaging design","authors":"Qianqian Xu","doi":"10.1051/mattech/2023023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2023023","url":null,"abstract":"Outstanding packaging design can improve the attractiveness of products and thus increase their competitiveness in the market. This article incorporated traditional papercutting into packaging design and conducted a case analysis of the designed packaging scheme. In the analysis process, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied to construct the evaluation structure, and a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) was used to conduct preliminary evaluations of the design scheme. Further analysis was then carried out based on the direction indicated by the preliminary evaluation. The results suggested that the CNN algorithm had better evaluation performance compared to the back-propagation neural network and support vector machine algorithms. The comparison between the CNN evaluation results and the manual evaluation results further confirmed the evaluation performance of the CNN algorithm. The integration of papercutting elements in the packaging design effectively enhanced the visibility and attractiveness of the packaging.","PeriodicalId":43816,"journal":{"name":"Materiaux & Techniques","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136005508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays, a common goal engages many disciplines in researching and implementing a circular and sustainable economic model, and design is one of them. Designers are involved in our global climate crisis governing and influencing production and consumption processes and materials. The latter, materials, are a fundamental part of design processes, and intervening in and through them, means solving many sustainability problems by moving toward possible circular production. For these reasons, design research has long transcended its traditional boundaries. We are witnessing a phenomenon in which design plays an unprecedented role: from “design with materials”, we have moved to “design for materials” and now “of materials”. Design becomes the interface between us and the material world through multidisciplinary tools, the mediator between problems and solutions, activating and directing interdisciplinary teams engaged in processes shared by their research. Evidence of this phenomenon is the growing number of public and private investments, actions in academies and research institutes, and realities in the industry involving designers and design-driven activities such as creative enterprises, incubators, and start-ups. This paper aims to highlight this phenomenon with examples where design is a significant player in materials development strategies. After an initial framing of the circular economy, the report analyzes the repositioning of materials design through a phenomenological analysis. This analysis includes the evolution of design approaches to materials through their creative practices. Moreover, we analyzed how design education is changing to respond to environmental issues. The paper creates and defines a taxonomy of material design case studies. It then closes with some reflections and conclusions.
{"title":"The emerging role of design in the circular materials field","authors":"Alessandro Squatrito, Marinella Ferrara","doi":"10.1051/mattech/2023019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2023019","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, a common goal engages many disciplines in researching and implementing a circular and sustainable economic model, and design is one of them. Designers are involved in our global climate crisis governing and influencing production and consumption processes and materials. The latter, materials, are a fundamental part of design processes, and intervening in and through them, means solving many sustainability problems by moving toward possible circular production. For these reasons, design research has long transcended its traditional boundaries. We are witnessing a phenomenon in which design plays an unprecedented role: from “design with materials”, we have moved to “design for materials” and now “of materials”. Design becomes the interface between us and the material world through multidisciplinary tools, the mediator between problems and solutions, activating and directing interdisciplinary teams engaged in processes shared by their research. Evidence of this phenomenon is the growing number of public and private investments, actions in academies and research institutes, and realities in the industry involving designers and design-driven activities such as creative enterprises, incubators, and start-ups. This paper aims to highlight this phenomenon with examples where design is a significant player in materials development strategies. After an initial framing of the circular economy, the report analyzes the repositioning of materials design through a phenomenological analysis. This analysis includes the evolution of design approaches to materials through their creative practices. Moreover, we analyzed how design education is changing to respond to environmental issues. The paper creates and defines a taxonomy of material design case studies. It then closes with some reflections and conclusions.","PeriodicalId":43816,"journal":{"name":"Materiaux & Techniques","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135699483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Balan Ramani, Jan van der Stel, Gerard Jagers, Wim Buijs
Coal is playing a major role as a reductant and as an energy source in the present world steel production due to its low cost and widespread distribution around the world. At the same time, being the largest contributor to global CO 2 emissions, coal faces significant environmental challenges in terms of air pollution and global warming. Hydrogen is a promising alternative for coal in lowering the steel industry’s CO 2 footprint, but the availability of green hydrogen is currently limited by its high production cost. This research study focuses on developing a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) technology that will allow for continued use of coal for a smooth transition towards green hydrogen-based steel production, by better utilisation of its by-product coke oven gas to produce high purity hydrogen. A generic, fast and robust simulation tool for simulating a variety of PSA processes considering both equilibrium and kinetic effects using a detailed non-isothermal and non-isobaric model is developed in the study. The adsorption equilibrium data required for the model are calculated from experimental results using the non-linear regression data fitting method. A series of rigorous parametric studies and breakthrough tests are performed using the developed mathematical model for better understanding of the effects of different factors on the PSA process performance. With the better understanding obtained from the above-mentioned parametric studies, the model is optimised by performing several simulation tests to achieve a high process performance in terms of purity and recovery of the H 2 product, productivity of the adsorbents and energy consumption for compression of gases. The optimised 14-step multi-bed PSA cycle developed in this study allows for an improved energy efficiency of coal usage by better utilisation of its by-product coke oven gas by converting it into valuable high purity (>99.999%) hydrogen product with a recovery of over 75%.
{"title":"Hydrogen production from coke oven gas using pressure swing adsorption process − a mathematical modelling approach","authors":"Balan Ramani, Jan van der Stel, Gerard Jagers, Wim Buijs","doi":"10.1051/mattech/2023027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2023027","url":null,"abstract":"Coal is playing a major role as a reductant and as an energy source in the present world steel production due to its low cost and widespread distribution around the world. At the same time, being the largest contributor to global CO 2 emissions, coal faces significant environmental challenges in terms of air pollution and global warming. Hydrogen is a promising alternative for coal in lowering the steel industry’s CO 2 footprint, but the availability of green hydrogen is currently limited by its high production cost. This research study focuses on developing a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) technology that will allow for continued use of coal for a smooth transition towards green hydrogen-based steel production, by better utilisation of its by-product coke oven gas to produce high purity hydrogen. A generic, fast and robust simulation tool for simulating a variety of PSA processes considering both equilibrium and kinetic effects using a detailed non-isothermal and non-isobaric model is developed in the study. The adsorption equilibrium data required for the model are calculated from experimental results using the non-linear regression data fitting method. A series of rigorous parametric studies and breakthrough tests are performed using the developed mathematical model for better understanding of the effects of different factors on the PSA process performance. With the better understanding obtained from the above-mentioned parametric studies, the model is optimised by performing several simulation tests to achieve a high process performance in terms of purity and recovery of the H 2 product, productivity of the adsorbents and energy consumption for compression of gases. The optimised 14-step multi-bed PSA cycle developed in this study allows for an improved energy efficiency of coal usage by better utilisation of its by-product coke oven gas by converting it into valuable high purity (>99.999%) hydrogen product with a recovery of over 75%.","PeriodicalId":43816,"journal":{"name":"Materiaux & Techniques","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135913935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although antimony in alloys for lead-acid batteries has better mechanical and electrochemical performance, it reduces the excessive potential for hydrogen evolution, resulting in excessive water loss and self-discharge of the battery. This paper aims to examine the action of tin in PbSn using different techniques. In this work, the addition of tin in PbCa was intended to suppress the premature capacity loss (PCL) caused by the substitution of antimony in the PbSb alloy by calcium that has good mechanical properties and a high hydrogen evolution potential (200 mV higher than that of antimony). This substitution induces the formation of a passive film composed mainly of α-PbO. The mechanism of action of tin on the anodic film obtained at 700 mV vs. Hg/Hg2SO4/K2SO4 saturated electrode with Pb – (0–5) wt.% Sn in 0.5 mol/L sulfuric acid solution at 25 °C was studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), AC voltammetry, Mott–Schottky plots and X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the film obtained. It was found that tin stops the growth of the anodic film due to the co-precipitation of certain conductive oxides which reduce the thickness of the passive film and increase its conductivity. A mechanism of action of tin on the electrochemical behavior of the anodic film was suggested based on the results.
{"title":"Mechanism of action of tin on the semi-conductive properties of PbO layer in lead acid battery","authors":"T. Dilmi, A. Dakhouche, M. Benaicha, H. Latelli","doi":"10.1051/mattech/2021019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2021019","url":null,"abstract":"Although antimony in alloys for lead-acid batteries has better mechanical and electrochemical performance, it reduces the excessive potential for hydrogen evolution, resulting in excessive water loss and self-discharge of the battery. This paper aims to examine the action of tin in PbSn using different techniques. In this work, the addition of tin in PbCa was intended to suppress the premature capacity loss (PCL) caused by the substitution of antimony in the PbSb alloy by calcium that has good mechanical properties and a high hydrogen evolution potential (200 mV higher than that of antimony). This substitution induces the formation of a passive film composed mainly of α-PbO. The mechanism of action of tin on the anodic film obtained at 700 mV vs. Hg/Hg2SO4/K2SO4 saturated electrode with Pb – (0–5) wt.% Sn in 0.5 mol/L sulfuric acid solution at 25 °C was studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), AC voltammetry, Mott–Schottky plots and X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the film obtained. It was found that tin stops the growth of the anodic film due to the co-precipitation of certain conductive oxides which reduce the thickness of the passive film and increase its conductivity. A mechanism of action of tin on the electrochemical behavior of the anodic film was suggested based on the results.","PeriodicalId":43816,"journal":{"name":"Materiaux & Techniques","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57960401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pushed to the forefront by the objective to drastically reduce the CO2 emissions from the steel industry, a new steelmaking route based on hydrogen and electricity is the subject of a great deal of attention and numerous R&D projects. The first step is to chemically reduce iron ore with H2, which is produced by electrolysis of water with low-carbon electricity, and then to transform the direct reduced iron into steel in an electric arc furnace. The second step is a conventional one, similar to that used for scrap recycling. The first step is similar to the so-called direct reduction process but would use pure electrolytic H2 instead of the H2–CO syngas obtained from natural gas reforming. In this paper, we first show how the reduction by pure H2 takes place at the microscopic level of the iron oxide grains and pellets. The three-step (hematite-magnetite-wüstite-iron) reduction occurs successively in time and simultaneously in the pellets. Secondly, a sophisticated kinetic model of the reduction of a single pellet based on the experimental findings is described. Lastly, we present a mathematical model for the simulation of the reduction by pure H2 in a shaft furnace, which can be very useful for the design of a future installation. The main results are that using pure hydrogen, the reduction kinetics are faster and can end with full metallization, the direct reduction process would be simpler, and the shaft furnace could be squatter. The gains in terms of CO2 emissions are quantified (85% off) and the whole route is compared to other zero-carbon solutions in Part 2.
{"title":"Hydrogen steelmaking. Part 1: Physical chemistry and process metallurgy","authors":"F. Patisson, O. Mirgaux, J. Birat","doi":"10.1051/mattech/2021025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2021025","url":null,"abstract":"Pushed to the forefront by the objective to drastically reduce the CO2 emissions from the steel industry, a new steelmaking route based on hydrogen and electricity is the subject of a great deal of attention and numerous R&D projects. The first step is to chemically reduce iron ore with H2, which is produced by electrolysis of water with low-carbon electricity, and then to transform the direct reduced iron into steel in an electric arc furnace. The second step is a conventional one, similar to that used for scrap recycling. The first step is similar to the so-called direct reduction process but would use pure electrolytic H2 instead of the H2–CO syngas obtained from natural gas reforming. In this paper, we first show how the reduction by pure H2 takes place at the microscopic level of the iron oxide grains and pellets. The three-step (hematite-magnetite-wüstite-iron) reduction occurs successively in time and simultaneously in the pellets. Secondly, a sophisticated kinetic model of the reduction of a single pellet based on the experimental findings is described. Lastly, we present a mathematical model for the simulation of the reduction by pure H2 in a shaft furnace, which can be very useful for the design of a future installation. The main results are that using pure hydrogen, the reduction kinetics are faster and can end with full metallization, the direct reduction process would be simpler, and the shaft furnace could be squatter. The gains in terms of CO2 emissions are quantified (85% off) and the whole route is compared to other zero-carbon solutions in Part 2.","PeriodicalId":43816,"journal":{"name":"Materiaux & Techniques","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57960532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The reduction of CO2 emissions from combustion equipment is the main solution to reduce the concentration of greenhouse gases in atmosphere and then the development of new combustion systems based on carbon free fuels is a priority for combustion research. Hydrogen is one of the most promising fuels, if produced by renewable sources it can guarantee zero-CO2 emissions, but attention must be paid about NOx emissions, which can increase in case of use of hydrogen. A research activity including CFD analysis and experimental tests allows verifying the proper working of a 2.0 MW industrial flameless burner fed with a gaseous mixture composed by 30% of hydrogen and 70% of methane (volumetric basis). CFD results fully agree with experimental data; the burner can operate with both natural gas or mixture without any modification on the combustion process and NOx emissions. At a furnace temperature 1250 °C, combustion air temperature 520 °C, NOx emissions are below 80 mg/Nm3@3%O2. In case of working with stable and anchored flame NOx emissions increase as expected. The activity result allows individuating flameless combustion as one of the most suitable techniques for the use of hydrogen in iron and steel industry.
{"title":"Development and testing of flameless burner fed by NG/H2 mix","authors":"U. Zanusso, Jimmy Fabro, Irene Luzzo, F. Cirilli","doi":"10.1051/mattech/2022004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2022004","url":null,"abstract":"The reduction of CO2 emissions from combustion equipment is the main solution to reduce the concentration of greenhouse gases in atmosphere and then the development of new combustion systems based on carbon free fuels is a priority for combustion research. Hydrogen is one of the most promising fuels, if produced by renewable sources it can guarantee zero-CO2 emissions, but attention must be paid about NOx emissions, which can increase in case of use of hydrogen. A research activity including CFD analysis and experimental tests allows verifying the proper working of a 2.0 MW industrial flameless burner fed with a gaseous mixture composed by 30% of hydrogen and 70% of methane (volumetric basis). CFD results fully agree with experimental data; the burner can operate with both natural gas or mixture without any modification on the combustion process and NOx emissions. At a furnace temperature 1250 °C, combustion air temperature 520 °C, NOx emissions are below 80 mg/Nm3@3%O2. In case of working with stable and anchored flame NOx emissions increase as expected. The activity result allows individuating flameless combustion as one of the most suitable techniques for the use of hydrogen in iron and steel industry.","PeriodicalId":43816,"journal":{"name":"Materiaux & Techniques","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57960188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Nwaeju, F.O. Edoziuno, A. Adediran, E. Nnuka, O. Adesina
Copper–nickel alloy has the potential in sustaining the recent demands in advanced marine engineering applications. It has been found advantageous over other copper alloys due to the unique properties and corrosion resistance they possess. However, the structure of Cu–Ni alloy alone is not sufficient to withstand many applications, as the structure cannot perform efficiently in an aggressive environment. The performance of this alloy inherently depends on carefully select alloying compositions, as the alloying elements are associated with the precipitation of intermetallic particles that will enhance mechanical properties and corrosion resistance when designing the component of Cu–Ni alloys. A combination of alloying elements has been conceptualized in the designing of copper–nickel alloy. This review described the role of alloying elements in modifying the microstructural features through phase transformation and how it affects the improvement of the mechanical and physical properties of Cu–Ni based alloys. The effect of alloying elements on the structure and properties of Cu–Ni alloys have been critically summarized based on surveying the works done by authors on this category of structural modification binary Cu–Ni alloy.
{"title":"Structural and properties evolution of copper–nickel (Cu–Ni) alloys: a review of the effects of alloying materials","authors":"C. Nwaeju, F.O. Edoziuno, A. Adediran, E. Nnuka, O. Adesina","doi":"10.1051/mattech/2021022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2021022","url":null,"abstract":"Copper–nickel alloy has the potential in sustaining the recent demands in advanced marine engineering applications. It has been found advantageous over other copper alloys due to the unique properties and corrosion resistance they possess. However, the structure of Cu–Ni alloy alone is not sufficient to withstand many applications, as the structure cannot perform efficiently in an aggressive environment. The performance of this alloy inherently depends on carefully select alloying compositions, as the alloying elements are associated with the precipitation of intermetallic particles that will enhance mechanical properties and corrosion resistance when designing the component of Cu–Ni alloys. A combination of alloying elements has been conceptualized in the designing of copper–nickel alloy. This review described the role of alloying elements in modifying the microstructural features through phase transformation and how it affects the improvement of the mechanical and physical properties of Cu–Ni based alloys. The effect of alloying elements on the structure and properties of Cu–Ni alloys have been critically summarized based on surveying the works done by authors on this category of structural modification binary Cu–Ni alloy.","PeriodicalId":43816,"journal":{"name":"Materiaux & Techniques","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57960511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amaia Sasiain Conde, K. Rechberger, A. Spanlang, H. Wolfmeir, C. Harris
A substantial CO2-emmissions abatement from the steel sector seems to be a challenging task without support of so-called “breakthrough technologies”, such as the hydrogen-based direct reduction process. The scope of this work is to evaluate both the potential for the implementation of green hydrogen, generated via electrolysis in the direct reduction process as well as the constraints. The results for this process route are compared with both the well-established blast furnace route as well as the natural gas-based direct reduction, which is considered as a bridge technology towards decarbonization, as it already operates with H2 and CO as main reducing agents. The outcomes obtained from the operation of a 6-MW PEM electrolysis system installed as part of the H2FUTURE project provide a basis for this analysis. The CO2 reduction potential for the various routes together with an economic study are the main results of this analysis. Additionally, the corresponding hydrogen- and electricity demands for large-scale adoption across Europe are presented in order to rate possible scenarios for the future of steelmaking towards a carbon-lean industry.
{"title":"Decarbonization of the steel industry. A techno-economic analysis","authors":"Amaia Sasiain Conde, K. Rechberger, A. Spanlang, H. Wolfmeir, C. Harris","doi":"10.1051/mattech/2022002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2022002","url":null,"abstract":"A substantial CO2-emmissions abatement from the steel sector seems to be a challenging task without support of so-called “breakthrough technologies”, such as the hydrogen-based direct reduction process. The scope of this work is to evaluate both the potential for the implementation of green hydrogen, generated via electrolysis in the direct reduction process as well as the constraints. The results for this process route are compared with both the well-established blast furnace route as well as the natural gas-based direct reduction, which is considered as a bridge technology towards decarbonization, as it already operates with H2 and CO as main reducing agents. The outcomes obtained from the operation of a 6-MW PEM electrolysis system installed as part of the H2FUTURE project provide a basis for this analysis. The CO2 reduction potential for the various routes together with an economic study are the main results of this analysis. Additionally, the corresponding hydrogen- and electricity demands for large-scale adoption across Europe are presented in order to rate possible scenarios for the future of steelmaking towards a carbon-lean industry.","PeriodicalId":43816,"journal":{"name":"Materiaux & Techniques","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57960650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Les matériaux sont partout. Ils peuvent se vanter d’un rôle sociétal et économique majeur. Ils évoluent avec le monde qui les entoure. Leur production, développement et utilisation font la signature d’une société. Le monde « post-Covid » sera de plus en plus concurrentiel ; les « matériaux » font et feront partie de cette concurrence accrue.
{"title":"Les matériaux au cœur des enjeux stratégiques","authors":"D. Quantin","doi":"10.1051/mattech/2022001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2022001","url":null,"abstract":"Les matériaux sont partout. Ils peuvent se vanter d’un rôle sociétal et économique majeur. Ils évoluent avec le monde qui les entoure. Leur production, développement et utilisation font la signature d’une société. Le monde « post-Covid » sera de plus en plus concurrentiel ; les « matériaux » font et feront partie de cette concurrence accrue.","PeriodicalId":43816,"journal":{"name":"Materiaux & Techniques","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57960631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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