Community Psychiatry in a Latin American Context: Perú as a Case Example

Abstract

Historical and conceptual issues related to community psychiatry as an innovative approach to clinical assistance across the world, precede a more or less detailed examination of its presence, role and current accomplishments in Latin America, particularly related to child and adolescent subpopulations. Information about transition processes from the traditional hospital-centered model to the community-based approach, applicable mental health policies, levels of implementation and quality of the available reports in different countries, are duly evaluated. Within an understanding of the broader Latin American context, the paper describes the situation in Perú, a country considered representative of the Low and Middle Income (LMIC) group in the subcontinent. The situation in Perú is presented with particular emphasis on a recently established community-based mental health centers program across its territory. This description includes consideration of variables such as personal, family and identity empowerment, a focus on integrated care, and clinical outcomes and community relations. The development of community mental health centers across Perú is described. Adolescents represent the unique future of socio-culturally diverse Latin American countries, and must be the target population of well-conceived, cohesive community mental health policies and programs. The importance of political will to promote community health centers that provide adolescents access to services is critical.