MODEL PENGELOLAAN KEPITING BAKAU UNTUK KELESTARIAN HABITAT MANGROVE DI TAMAN NASIONAL KUTAI PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TIMUR (The Model of Mud Crab (Scylla serrata) Management for Habitat Preservations of Mangrove in Kutai National Park, East Kalimantan Province)

Abstract

AbstrakTaman Nasional Kutai (TNK) memiliki ± 5.227 ha hutan mangrove di sepanjang pesisir pantainya. Hampir 23% luas hutan mangrove ini mengalami degradasi akibat konversi lahan dan pemanfaatan yang merusak. Kepiting bakau (Scylla serrata) merupakan salah satu sumberdaya yang terdapat dalam ekosistem mangrove, yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk budidaya sylvofishery. Pemanfaatan ini merupakan mata pencaharian alternatif bagi penduduk lokal dalam kawasan TNK agar dapat memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya tanpa merusak hutan mangrove. Model pemanfaatan sylvofishery kepiting bakau disusun dari 5 submodel, yaitu habitat mangrove, penangkapan kepiting, budidaya pembesaran kepiting, pasar, dan sosial. Hasil simulasi terhadap model dinamik, menunjukkan bahwa skenario optimistik memberikan kinerja model yang lebih berkelanjutan untuk pengelolaan hutan mangrove di TNK, bila dilakukan dengan pendekatan optimasi pemanfaatan sumberdaya S. serrata. Dengan sylvofishery diharapkan akan terjadi keseimbangan antara pemanfaatan dan kelestarian lingkungan hutan mangrove.AbstractThe National Park Kutai (TNK) has ± 5,227 ha mangrove forest in along coastal beach. Therefore, almost 23% of mangrove forest was degraded caused by land conversion and utilization of damaged. Mud crab (Scylla serrata) is one of the resources in mangrove ecosystem, and it can be utilized for the cultivation sylvofishery. The utilization of sylvofishery was an alternative livelihood for the local resident in TNK areas that was not damaged their forest necessity. The model of sylvofishery utilization mud crab prepared were 5 sub-models, such as mangrove habitat sub-model, catching mud crab sub-model, enlargement cultivation of mud crab sub-model, market sub-model and social sub-model. The simulation results showed that an optimistic scenario performance model to sustainable for management of mangrove forest in TNK if it was conducted with optimization approached resources in utilization of S. serrata. With silvofishery, it is expected to give a balance between utilization and conservation of mangrove ecosystems.