{"title":"Biology, Ecology, and Management of Hemipteran Pests in Almond Orchards in the United States","authors":"J. Rijal, A. Joyce, Sudan Gyawaly","doi":"10.1093/JIPM/PMAB018","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"\n Almond, Prunus dulcis (Miller) D. A. Webb, is an important tree nut crop cultivated primarily in the Mediterranean climatic regions. However, the United States, specifically the state of California, is the largest producer and exporter of almond nuts in the world. At least 60 species of insect pests attack almonds worldwide. Hemipterans can be important pests in almond orchards. Some hemipteran insect pests in almonds include lace bugs, plant bugs, stink bugs, and leaffooted bugs. These pests use needle-like mouthparts to pierce and feed upon fruits or other parts of the plant, causing direct or indirect crop damage. Nonetheless, the biology, life history, and management practices for many hemipteran pests of almonds are not available in the literature or come from research of these insects on other crops and host plants. In this article, we discuss the current understanding of biology, ecology, and management of hemipteran pests of almonds and outline future research to advance the integrated pest management of these pests in almond orchard systems.","PeriodicalId":16119,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrated Pest Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"5","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Integrated Pest Management","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1093/JIPM/PMAB018","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENTOMOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Abstract
Almond, Prunus dulcis (Miller) D. A. Webb, is an important tree nut crop cultivated primarily in the Mediterranean climatic regions. However, the United States, specifically the state of California, is the largest producer and exporter of almond nuts in the world. At least 60 species of insect pests attack almonds worldwide. Hemipterans can be important pests in almond orchards. Some hemipteran insect pests in almonds include lace bugs, plant bugs, stink bugs, and leaffooted bugs. These pests use needle-like mouthparts to pierce and feed upon fruits or other parts of the plant, causing direct or indirect crop damage. Nonetheless, the biology, life history, and management practices for many hemipteran pests of almonds are not available in the literature or come from research of these insects on other crops and host plants. In this article, we discuss the current understanding of biology, ecology, and management of hemipteran pests of almonds and outline future research to advance the integrated pest management of these pests in almond orchard systems.
杏仁，Prunus dulcis (Miller) D. A. Webb，是一种重要的树坚果作物，主要种植在地中海气候区。然而，美国，特别是加利福尼亚州，是世界上最大的杏仁坚果生产国和出口国。全世界至少有60种害虫袭击杏仁。半翅虫是杏仁园的重要害虫。杏仁中的半翼类害虫包括蕾丝虫、植物虫、臭虫和叶虫。这些害虫使用针状口器刺穿并捕食果实或植物的其他部分，对作物造成直接或间接的损害。然而，许多半足纲杏仁害虫的生物学、生活史和管理方法在文献中是没有的，或者来自这些昆虫在其他作物和寄主植物上的研究。本文综述了杏仁半足纲害虫的生物学、生态学和防治方面的研究进展，并对今后的研究方向进行了展望，以促进杏仁园系统中半足纲害虫的综合防治。
期刊介绍：
Journal of Integrated Pest Management is an open access, peer-reviewed, extension journal covering the field of integrated pest management. The Editors-in-Chief are Dr. Marlin E. Rice (formerly with Iowa State University) and Dr. Kevin L. Steffey (formerly with the University of Illinois). The journal is multi-disciplinary in scope, publishing articles in all pest management disciplines, including entomology, nematology, plant pathology, weed science, and other subject areas.
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