Seasonal Variation of Nutritional Intake from 24-Hour Urine Collection and Adherence in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract

Background: For appropriate diet therapy, it is desirable to determine urine volume and excreted urinary components using 24-hour urine volume (24hUV) and compare these data with indications. 24hUV allows an accurate measurement of excreted urinary protein, glucose, and salt per day, which are important for assessment of renal function and diet intake. In particular, urine volume may be seasonal variations because of the effect of perspiration. Methods: The subjects were 37 (29 males and 8 females) outpatients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who underwent 24-hour urine collection and were given nutrition education (consultation) continuously for 2 years or more. The survey period was January 2012 to July 2014. Patients were divided into 3groups according to their adherence to indicated intake as A, <15% difference, B, ≥15%. Results: There was no significant difference in 24hUV and urinalysis between seasons. Mean Na throughout the year was 82±29 mEq/L, and Mean K throughout the year was 20.4±9.4 mEq/L. Estimated protein and salt intake were lower in group A throughout the year. Conclusion: Urine 24hUV and urinalysis were not influenced by seasonal variations, and these findings were due to the influence of diet intake.