Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-24663-0
{"title":"Nutritional Health: Strategies for Disease Prevention","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-24663-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24663-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional health & food science","volume":"105 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72543628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-21DOI: 10.15226/JNHFS.2020.001176
M. H. Faye, Nicole Idohou-Dossou, A. Badiane, Anta Agne-Djigo, P. M. Sylla, A. Diouf, A. Guiro, S. Wade
Background: Like many developing countries, Senegal does not have data on the extent of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) that is representative of its population. The present survey was conducted to fill this gap and to identify factors associated with VAD, prior to the introduction of a large-scale vitamin A oil fortification program. Procedures: A nationwide representative cross-sectional survey involving 1887 children 12 to 59 months old and 1316 women of reproductive age (WRA) was conducted. Blood samples were collected and plasma concentrations of retinol (PR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and alpha-1-acidglycoprotein were measured. PR was adjusted for subclinical inflammation using the BRINDA regression methodology. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with VAD. Findings: The adjusted prevalence of VAD (PR ≤ 0.7 μmol/L) in children was 15.3% and differed by age group, area of residence, and socioeconomic status and half of them had subclinical inflammation. Among WRA, VAD was low (2.3%) and 18.1% had vitamin A insufficiency (VAI). Pregnant women were more affected by VAI (28.4%) and Dakar had lower figures compared with other cities and rural strata. Prevalence of VAI decreased with increasing wealth quintile. In logistic regression, abnormal CRP, poverty, scarce consumption of poultry, oysters, melon, red palm oil, palm kernel oil, Saba senegalensis fruit pulp (Maad) and cowpea, frequent consumption of leeks and consumption of Leptadenia hastata leaves (Mbuum tiakhat), were associated with VAD in children. For women, lower socioeconomic status, fair or poor health status and anemia were negatively associated with VAI. Conclusions: In Senegal, VAD is a moderate public health problem in children and slight among women. Particular attention should be paid to children older than 23 months, pregnant women, rural populations, and poorest households. Nutritional interventions should be implemented alongside morbidity prevention and control. Keywords: vitamin A deficiency, children 12-59 months, women of reproductive age, Senegal.
{"title":"Prevalence and Associated Factors of Vitamin A Deficiency among Children and Women in Senegal","authors":"M. H. Faye, Nicole Idohou-Dossou, A. Badiane, Anta Agne-Djigo, P. M. Sylla, A. Diouf, A. Guiro, S. Wade","doi":"10.15226/JNHFS.2020.001176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/JNHFS.2020.001176","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Like many developing countries, Senegal does not have data on the extent of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) that is representative of its population. The present survey was conducted to fill this gap and to identify factors associated with VAD, prior to the introduction of a large-scale vitamin A oil fortification program. Procedures: A nationwide representative cross-sectional survey involving 1887 children 12 to 59 months old and 1316 women of reproductive age (WRA) was conducted. Blood samples were collected and plasma concentrations of retinol (PR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and alpha-1-acidglycoprotein were measured. PR was adjusted for subclinical inflammation using the BRINDA regression methodology. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with VAD. Findings: The adjusted prevalence of VAD (PR ≤ 0.7 μmol/L) in children was 15.3% and differed by age group, area of residence, and socioeconomic status and half of them had subclinical inflammation. Among WRA, VAD was low (2.3%) and 18.1% had vitamin A insufficiency (VAI). Pregnant women were more affected by VAI (28.4%) and Dakar had lower figures compared with other cities and rural strata. Prevalence of VAI decreased with increasing wealth quintile. In logistic regression, abnormal CRP, poverty, scarce consumption of poultry, oysters, melon, red palm oil, palm kernel oil, Saba senegalensis fruit pulp (Maad) and cowpea, frequent consumption of leeks and consumption of Leptadenia hastata leaves (Mbuum tiakhat), were associated with VAD in children. For women, lower socioeconomic status, fair or poor health status and anemia were negatively associated with VAI. Conclusions: In Senegal, VAD is a moderate public health problem in children and slight among women. Particular attention should be paid to children older than 23 months, pregnant women, rural populations, and poorest households. Nutritional interventions should be implemented alongside morbidity prevention and control. Keywords: vitamin A deficiency, children 12-59 months, women of reproductive age, Senegal.","PeriodicalId":90609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional health & food science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48833315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-07DOI: 10.15226/jnhfs.2019.001167
Y. Kanno, R. Onda, Y. Nagaoka, Yoshitaka Miyaoka, T. Okada, Asako Gondo, M. Nagai, E. Kanda
Background: For appropriate diet therapy, it is desirable to determine urine volume and excreted urinary components using 24-hour urine volume (24hUV) and compare these data with indications. 24hUV allows an accurate measurement of excreted urinary protein, glucose, and salt per day, which are important for assessment of renal function and diet intake. In particular, urine volume may be seasonal variations because of the effect of perspiration. Methods: The subjects were 37 (29 males and 8 females) outpatients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who underwent 24-hour urine collection and were given nutrition education (consultation) continuously for 2 years or more. The survey period was January 2012 to July 2014. Patients were divided into 3groups according to their adherence to indicated intake as A, <15% difference, B, ≥15%. Results: There was no significant difference in 24hUV and urinalysis between seasons. Mean Na throughout the year was 82±29 mEq/L, and Mean K throughout the year was 20.4±9.4 mEq/L. Estimated protein and salt intake were lower in group A throughout the year. Conclusion: Urine 24hUV and urinalysis were not influenced by seasonal variations, and these findings were due to the influence of diet intake.
{"title":"Seasonal Variation of Nutritional Intake from 24-Hour Urine Collection and Adherence in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease","authors":"Y. Kanno, R. Onda, Y. Nagaoka, Yoshitaka Miyaoka, T. Okada, Asako Gondo, M. Nagai, E. Kanda","doi":"10.15226/jnhfs.2019.001167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/jnhfs.2019.001167","url":null,"abstract":"Background: For appropriate diet therapy, it is desirable to determine urine volume and excreted urinary components using 24-hour urine volume (24hUV) and compare these data with indications. 24hUV allows an accurate measurement of excreted urinary protein, glucose, and salt per day, which are important for assessment of renal function and diet intake. In particular, urine volume may be seasonal variations because of the effect of perspiration. Methods: The subjects were 37 (29 males and 8 females) outpatients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who underwent 24-hour urine collection and were given nutrition education (consultation) continuously for 2 years or more. The survey period was January 2012 to July 2014. Patients were divided into 3groups according to their adherence to indicated intake as A, <15% difference, B, ≥15%. Results: There was no significant difference in 24hUV and urinalysis between seasons. Mean Na throughout the year was 82±29 mEq/L, and Mean K throughout the year was 20.4±9.4 mEq/L. Estimated protein and salt intake were lower in group A throughout the year. Conclusion: Urine 24hUV and urinalysis were not influenced by seasonal variations, and these findings were due to the influence of diet intake.","PeriodicalId":90609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional health & food science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48297468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.15226/jnhfs.2020.001172
Shuangqi Tian, Zhicheng Chen, Kejing Yang
The objective of this study was to explore the extraction process and antioxidant activity of polyphenols from Japonica and Indica brown rice. After baking, Japonica and Indica brown rice samples were soaked in water to obtain brown rice tea respectively. We determined the polyphenol content and the antioxidant activity of the brown rice tea, as well as measured the contents of nutrients (including protein, amino acid, and crude cellulose) of the baked brown rice. The total AA content of Indica brown rice (7.30%) was higher than that of Japonica brown rice (6.30%). The results showed that the optimum extraction conditions for Japonica and Indica rice polyphenols were as follows: baking temperature of 180°C and 190°C, baking time of 15 min and 20 min, and soaking time of 30 min and 30 min, respectively. The DPPH clearance rate of the five samples was shown as follows: Burdock tea> Pu’er tea> Tieguanyin tea> Japonica brown rice> Indica brown rice tea. The DPPH clearance rate of the polyphenols in rice tea obtained from Japonica and Indica brown rice was 1.04% and 1.99%.
{"title":"Extraction and Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Polyphenols of Brown Rice Tea from Japonica Rice and Indica Rice","authors":"Shuangqi Tian, Zhicheng Chen, Kejing Yang","doi":"10.15226/jnhfs.2020.001172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/jnhfs.2020.001172","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to explore the extraction process and antioxidant activity of polyphenols from Japonica and Indica brown rice. After baking, Japonica and Indica brown rice samples were soaked in water to obtain brown rice tea respectively. We determined the polyphenol content and the antioxidant activity of the brown rice tea, as well as measured the contents of nutrients (including protein, amino acid, and crude cellulose) of the baked brown rice. The total AA content of Indica brown rice (7.30%) was higher than that of Japonica brown rice (6.30%). The results showed that the optimum extraction conditions for Japonica and Indica rice polyphenols were as follows: baking temperature of 180°C and 190°C, baking time of 15 min and 20 min, and soaking time of 30 min and 30 min, respectively. The DPPH clearance rate of the five samples was shown as follows: Burdock tea> Pu’er tea> Tieguanyin tea> Japonica brown rice> Indica brown rice tea. The DPPH clearance rate of the polyphenols in rice tea obtained from Japonica and Indica brown rice was 1.04% and 1.99%.","PeriodicalId":90609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional health & food science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67333645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-25DOI: 10.15226/jnhfs.2019.001158
M. Miyazaki, N. Izumo, K. Yoshikawa, Takuya Matsugami, Yuko Miyadate, K. Hayamizu, Yasuo Watanabe
Kaempferia parviflora (KP) (black ginger) is a plant in Thailand known historically as Kurachai Dam. It belongs to the ginger family and was used as a remedy medicine. Its rhizomes were used to improve obesity, blood flow, inflammation, allergy, and gastrointestinal disorders. However, the mechanism of its anti-obesity effect has not been elucidated. In this study, our purpose was to explore the visceral fat reduction mechanism of KP in vivo. Five weeks old C57BL/6J male mice were used. The mice were fed for 8 weeks with a test food limited to 3 g/day/mouse. We divided the mice into 4 groups as follows: 1 normal diet group (controls), 2 high fat diet group (HFD), 3 high fat diet + 0.5% black ginger extract group (HFD + KP 0.5%), and 4 high fat diet + black ginger extract 1.0% group (HFD + KP 1.0%). At the end of the 8th week, the visceral fat of the mice was collected and weighed and the expression levels of adiponectin, leptin, IL-6, and IL-1β in adipose tissues were measured by RT-PCR. Leptin and IL-6 expressions were decreased with a significant difference between group 4 and group 2. Adiponectin expression was significantly higher in group 4 than in group 2. The present study indicated that the anti-obesity effect of KP in vivo normalizes the function of leptin by suppressing its resistance upon ingestion of high-fat meals and inhibits fat accumulation by thermogenesis in brown adipocytes.
{"title":"The Anti-Obesity Effect of Kaempferia Parviflora (KP) is Attributed to Leptin in Adipose Tissue","authors":"M. Miyazaki, N. Izumo, K. Yoshikawa, Takuya Matsugami, Yuko Miyadate, K. Hayamizu, Yasuo Watanabe","doi":"10.15226/jnhfs.2019.001158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/jnhfs.2019.001158","url":null,"abstract":"Kaempferia parviflora (KP) (black ginger) is a plant in Thailand known historically as Kurachai Dam. It belongs to the ginger family and was used as a remedy medicine. Its rhizomes were used to improve obesity, blood flow, inflammation, allergy, and gastrointestinal disorders. However, the mechanism of its anti-obesity effect has not been elucidated. In this study, our purpose was to explore the visceral fat reduction mechanism of KP in vivo. Five weeks old C57BL/6J male mice were used. The mice were fed for 8 weeks with a test food limited to 3 g/day/mouse. We divided the mice into 4 groups as follows: 1 normal diet group (controls), 2 high fat diet group (HFD), 3 high fat diet + 0.5% black ginger extract group (HFD + KP 0.5%), and 4 high fat diet + black ginger extract 1.0% group (HFD + KP 1.0%). At the end of the 8th week, the visceral fat of the mice was collected and weighed and the expression levels of adiponectin, leptin, IL-6, and IL-1β in adipose tissues were measured by RT-PCR. Leptin and IL-6 expressions were decreased with a significant difference between group 4 and group 2. Adiponectin expression was significantly higher in group 4 than in group 2. The present study indicated that the anti-obesity effect of KP in vivo normalizes the function of leptin by suppressing its resistance upon ingestion of high-fat meals and inhibits fat accumulation by thermogenesis in brown adipocytes.","PeriodicalId":90609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional health & food science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47030296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-27DOI: 10.15226/JNHFS.2019.001157
A. Diouf, F. Sarr, B. Sene, C. Ndiaye, S. M. Fall, N. Ayessou
Cereals, pulses and legumes are the most consumed foods in SubSaharan Africa. Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) walp is one known of these legumes as a good source of proteins, some minerals, and fibers. However, the presence of anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) including phytates, alpha galactosides such as raffinose and stachyose, and tannins reduce significantly the micronutrients and also create some problems of acceptability in using cowpea and other legumes. This review article rep the current knowledges on key aspects of technologies used to reduce ANFs. Some of them proposed one either pathway or combining many techniques such as soaking, sprouting, fermentation, extrusion cooking and steam pre-cooking in order to reduce these ANFs. In fact, steam pre-cooking seems to be the most promising among established processes because of its potential to reduce ANFs up to 96%. Nevertheless, soaking can reduce ANFs up to 45% with higher reductions by adding sodium bicarbonate. Sprouting however can record more significant reductions of 33 to 72% of tannins, 96% of phytates, 92% of stachyose and 67% of raffinose. With regard to fermentation, a reduction rate in ANFs exceeding 50% was found. The extrusion technic reduces up to 55.83% at 140 ° C and 20% humidity while the steam pre cooking resulted reductions of up to 52.60% at 110 ° C for 25 minutes. In this regard, it is critical to investigate mechanisms that would improve these reductions and furthermore, investigate all strategies used to increase bioavailability of nutrients under specific technological condition.
谷物、豆类和豆类是撒哈拉以南非洲消费最多的食物。豇豆(Vigna unguiculata, L.) walp是这些豆科植物中的一种，它是蛋白质、一些矿物质和纤维的良好来源。然而，抗营养因子(ANFs)的存在，包括植酸盐、α半乳糖苷(如棉子糖和水苏糖)和单宁，大大减少了微量营养素的含量，也给豇豆和其他豆类的食用带来了一些可接受性问题。这篇综述文章代表了目前用于减少anf的关键技术方面的知识。有些人提出了一种途径或结合浸泡、发芽、发酵、挤压蒸煮和蒸汽预蒸煮等多种技术来减少这些ANFs。事实上，蒸汽预煮似乎是现有工艺中最有前途的，因为它有可能减少高达96%的anf。然而，浸泡可以降低ANFs高达45%，添加碳酸氢钠的降幅更高。然而，发芽可以显著减少33%至72%的单宁，96%的植酸盐，92%的水苏糖和67%的棉子糖。在发酵方面，发现ANFs的还原率超过50%。在140°C和20%的湿度下，挤压技术减少了55.83%，而蒸汽预煮在110°C、25分钟下减少了52.60%。在这方面，研究改善这些减少的机制是至关重要的，此外，研究在特定技术条件下用于提高营养物质生物利用度的所有策略。
{"title":"Pathways for Reducing Anti-Nutritional Factors: Prospects for Vigna unguiculata","authors":"A. Diouf, F. Sarr, B. Sene, C. Ndiaye, S. M. Fall, N. Ayessou","doi":"10.15226/JNHFS.2019.001157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/JNHFS.2019.001157","url":null,"abstract":"Cereals, pulses and legumes are the most consumed foods in SubSaharan Africa. Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) walp is one known of these legumes as a good source of proteins, some minerals, and fibers. However, the presence of anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) including phytates, alpha galactosides such as raffinose and stachyose, and tannins reduce significantly the micronutrients and also create some problems of acceptability in using cowpea and other legumes. This review article rep the current knowledges on key aspects of technologies used to reduce ANFs. Some of them proposed one either pathway or combining many techniques such as soaking, sprouting, fermentation, extrusion cooking and steam pre-cooking in order to reduce these ANFs. In fact, steam pre-cooking seems to be the most promising among established processes because of its potential to reduce ANFs up to 96%. Nevertheless, soaking can reduce ANFs up to 45% with higher reductions by adding sodium bicarbonate. Sprouting however can record more significant reductions of 33 to 72% of tannins, 96% of phytates, 92% of stachyose and 67% of raffinose. With regard to fermentation, a reduction rate in ANFs exceeding 50% was found. The extrusion technic reduces up to 55.83% at 140 ° C and 20% humidity while the steam pre cooking resulted reductions of up to 52.60% at 110 ° C for 25 minutes. In this regard, it is critical to investigate mechanisms that would improve these reductions and furthermore, investigate all strategies used to increase bioavailability of nutrients under specific technological condition.","PeriodicalId":90609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional health & food science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46800059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-17DOI: 10.15226/jnhfs.2019.001156
Kiri H. Jaryum, Z. Okoye, B. Stoecker
Background: Although selenium was, for decades, considered toxic, many animal diseases has been found to respond to selenium. Selenium is, therefore, an essential trace element. Selenium is essential for human nutrition where it is a constituent of more than two dozen selenoproteins that play critical roles in reproduction, thyroid hormone metabolism, DNA synthesis, and protection from oxidative damage and infection. Selenium concentrations in plantbased foods vary widely by geographic location. This research was aimed at determining the amount of selenium in the local foodstuffs from Kanam Local Government Area in north-central Nigeria. Methods: Staple foodstuffs were selected across all the sections of the research area. Samples were homogenized in a ceramic mortar to obtain homogeneous samples with particle size > 300μm. These were digested using a diluted oxidant mixture containing 1 ml deionised H2O + 0.5 ml double-distilled HNO3. Selenium content was determined using the inductively coupled-mass spectrophotometry technique. Data obtained were analysed using the student’s t-test and results were presented as means and standard deviations. A probability level of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: All the foodstuffs contained quantities of selenium high enough to meet the recommended daily allowance for all categories. Grain varied widely in their selenium content with white sorghum containing the lowest (6.16±3.97 μg/g) and red sorghum containing the highest (14.19±7.22 μg/g) followed by cowpea (13.05±8.79 μg/g). Conclusion: These values suggest that a diet well balanced in other nutrients is probably also nutritionally adequate with regard to selenium, although possible effects of cooking, processing, geographical variation and biological availability remain to be investigated.
{"title":"Quantitative Analysis of Selenium in Staple Foodstuffs from Kanam Local Government Area, North-Central Nigeria","authors":"Kiri H. Jaryum, Z. Okoye, B. Stoecker","doi":"10.15226/jnhfs.2019.001156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/jnhfs.2019.001156","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although selenium was, for decades, considered toxic, many animal diseases has been found to respond to selenium. Selenium is, therefore, an essential trace element. Selenium is essential for human nutrition where it is a constituent of more than two dozen selenoproteins that play critical roles in reproduction, thyroid hormone metabolism, DNA synthesis, and protection from oxidative damage and infection. Selenium concentrations in plantbased foods vary widely by geographic location. This research was aimed at determining the amount of selenium in the local foodstuffs from Kanam Local Government Area in north-central Nigeria. Methods: Staple foodstuffs were selected across all the sections of the research area. Samples were homogenized in a ceramic mortar to obtain homogeneous samples with particle size > 300μm. These were digested using a diluted oxidant mixture containing 1 ml deionised H2O + 0.5 ml double-distilled HNO3. Selenium content was determined using the inductively coupled-mass spectrophotometry technique. Data obtained were analysed using the student’s t-test and results were presented as means and standard deviations. A probability level of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: All the foodstuffs contained quantities of selenium high enough to meet the recommended daily allowance for all categories. Grain varied widely in their selenium content with white sorghum containing the lowest (6.16±3.97 μg/g) and red sorghum containing the highest (14.19±7.22 μg/g) followed by cowpea (13.05±8.79 μg/g). Conclusion: These values suggest that a diet well balanced in other nutrients is probably also nutritionally adequate with regard to selenium, although possible effects of cooking, processing, geographical variation and biological availability remain to be investigated.","PeriodicalId":90609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional health & food science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41556244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-16DOI: 10.15226/jnhfs.2019.001155
Ofer Gover, Hilla Hayby, A. Levy, E. Fishman, O. Danay, N. Ezov, Y. Hadar, V. Vetvicka, B. Schwartz
We recently demonstrated that the mushroom Pleurotus eryngii grown on a substrate containing increasing concentrations of olive mill solid waste (OMSW) contain greater glucan concentrations as a function of OMSW content. Treatment of rat Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) transiently transfected with Nf-κB fused to luciferase demonstrated that glucans extracted from P. eryngii stalks grown on 80% OMSW down regulated TNF-α activation. Glucans from mushrooms grown on 80% OMSW exerted the most significant reducing activity of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated J774A.1 murine macrophages. The isolated glucans were tested in vivo using the Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) induced colitis in C57Bl/6 mice and found to reduce the histology damaging score resulting from DSS treatment. Expressions of various intestinal cytokines were efficiently down regulated by treatment with the fungal extracted glucans. We conclude that the stress-induced growing conditions exerted by OMSW induce production of more effective anti-inflammatory glucans in P. eryngii stalks.
{"title":"Enhanced Anti-Inflammatory Effects by Glucans Extracted from the Stalks of Pleurotus Eryngii Grown In Substrates Containing Olive Mill Waste","authors":"Ofer Gover, Hilla Hayby, A. Levy, E. Fishman, O. Danay, N. Ezov, Y. Hadar, V. Vetvicka, B. Schwartz","doi":"10.15226/jnhfs.2019.001155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/jnhfs.2019.001155","url":null,"abstract":"We recently demonstrated that the mushroom Pleurotus eryngii grown on a substrate containing increasing concentrations of olive mill solid waste (OMSW) contain greater glucan concentrations as a function of OMSW content. Treatment of rat Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) transiently transfected with Nf-κB fused to luciferase demonstrated that glucans extracted from P. eryngii stalks grown on 80% OMSW down regulated TNF-α activation. Glucans from mushrooms grown on 80% OMSW exerted the most significant reducing activity of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated J774A.1 murine macrophages. The isolated glucans were tested in vivo using the Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) induced colitis in C57Bl/6 mice and found to reduce the histology damaging score resulting from DSS treatment. Expressions of various intestinal cytokines were efficiently down regulated by treatment with the fungal extracted glucans. We conclude that the stress-induced growing conditions exerted by OMSW induce production of more effective anti-inflammatory glucans in P. eryngii stalks.","PeriodicalId":90609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional health & food science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48722626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-02DOI: 10.15226/jnhfs.2019.001154
J. Sakùrai, N. Izumo, Yasuo Watanabe
We have evaluated the mechanism underlying the sedative effects of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) using a behavioral study and real-time PCR (RT-PCR). The experimental mice were divided as: (1) control, (2) coriander leaf extract400 or 600 mg/kg, (3) coriander seed extract400 or 600 mg/kg, (4) main ingredients. Two hours after oral administration of coriander extracts and main ingredients, a light anesthesia (21.6 mg/kg) of pentobarbital was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) to all mice. The time points recorded after i.p. administrations were1: immediately after administration, 2: start time of somnolence, 3: end time of somnolence. The brains were isolated from the control and coriander leaf extract groups two hours after oral administration for RT-PCR. Pentobarbital-induced somnolence duration time was compared with that of the control group. A significant difference was found in leaf and seed extract600 mg/kg group and linalool (main ingredient of coriander) group. RT-PCR results showed that the gene expression of GABAA receptor β1 subunit was significantly increased and the gene expression of GABA transporter was significantly decreased in leaf extract 600 mg/kg group. This indicates that the sedative effect of coriander leaf extract is due to the hyperactivity of inhibitory neurons in the brain.
{"title":"Effect of Coriandrum Sativum L. Leaf Extract on the Brain GABA Neurons in Mice","authors":"J. Sakùrai, N. Izumo, Yasuo Watanabe","doi":"10.15226/jnhfs.2019.001154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/jnhfs.2019.001154","url":null,"abstract":"We have evaluated the mechanism underlying the sedative effects of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) using a behavioral study and real-time PCR (RT-PCR). The experimental mice were divided as: (1) control, (2) coriander leaf extract400 or 600 mg/kg, (3) coriander seed extract400 or 600 mg/kg, (4) main ingredients. Two hours after oral administration of coriander extracts and main ingredients, a light anesthesia (21.6 mg/kg) of pentobarbital was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) to all mice. The time points recorded after i.p. administrations were1: immediately after administration, 2: start time of somnolence, 3: end time of somnolence. The brains were isolated from the control and coriander leaf extract groups two hours after oral administration for RT-PCR. Pentobarbital-induced somnolence duration time was compared with that of the control group. A significant difference was found in leaf and seed extract600 mg/kg group and linalool (main ingredient of coriander) group. RT-PCR results showed that the gene expression of GABAA receptor β1 subunit was significantly increased and the gene expression of GABA transporter was significantly decreased in leaf extract 600 mg/kg group. This indicates that the sedative effect of coriander leaf extract is due to the hyperactivity of inhibitory neurons in the brain.","PeriodicalId":90609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional health & food science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43356631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-16DOI: 10.15226/JNHFS.2019.001153
Y. Hirokawa, N. Izumo, M. Hashimoto, Shogo Tawara, H. Mori, Yurina Mima, K. Kuwahata, Kazuya Watanabe, K. Tsuzuki, Yasuo Watanabe
Background: Recently, we published a book which describes about the anti-obesity efficacy of the “Nuruneba Diet (Sticky Japanese Diet; SJD)”. Along with the contents of this book, the dried SJD was developed and marketed. When this marketed SJD was fed daily to obese mice, the effect of suppressing weight gain and reducing visceral fat were observed. Furthermore, we evaluated its mechanism for enhancing the leptin production. In this study, we clarify the different effects of SJD on between normal diet mice and high fat diet mice, and its mechanism was investigated focusing on adiponectin and leptin system. Methods: 5-week-old male ICR strain mice were divided as follows: normal diet group (CE-2 group), normal diet and nuruneba (SJD) diet group (CE-2 + SJD group), high-fat diet group (HFD group), high-fat diet and Nuruneba diet it was divided into four groups (HFD + SJD group). Each group, food and water were pre-fed individually for one week and then allowed to free access to food and water for eight weeks. At the end of the treatment period, the visceral fat was collected. The triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were determined from plasma and the expression levels of adipocytokines in visceral fat were measured by PCR. Results: Body weight gain was observed in the HFD group, and significant suppression of body weight gain was observed in the HFD + SJD group from the third week after intake. The visceral fat was significantly increased in the HFD group compared to the CE-2 group, and significant suppression was observed in the HFD + SJD group. The effects on adipocytokines were measured for adiponectin and leptin mRNA expression. In adiponectin, the expression was significantly increased in CE-2 + SJD group compared with CE-2 group. The expression level of leptin was significantly increased in the HFD group compared to the CE-2 group, and that of leptin was significantly suppressed in the HFD + SJD. Conclusion: These results suggest that daily intake of SJD activates adiponectin secretion under normal conditions and has an obesity preventive effect and that obesity is prevented by suppressing leptin resistance in the obese state.
{"title":"Anti-Obesity Effects of Sticky Japanese Diet (SJD) Assessed by Regulations of Leptin and Adiponectin","authors":"Y. Hirokawa, N. Izumo, M. Hashimoto, Shogo Tawara, H. Mori, Yurina Mima, K. Kuwahata, Kazuya Watanabe, K. Tsuzuki, Yasuo Watanabe","doi":"10.15226/JNHFS.2019.001153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/JNHFS.2019.001153","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Recently, we published a book which describes about the anti-obesity efficacy of the “Nuruneba Diet (Sticky Japanese Diet; SJD)”. Along with the contents of this book, the dried SJD was developed and marketed. When this marketed SJD was fed daily to obese mice, the effect of suppressing weight gain and reducing visceral fat were observed. Furthermore, we evaluated its mechanism for enhancing the leptin production. In this study, we clarify the different effects of SJD on between normal diet mice and high fat diet mice, and its mechanism was investigated focusing on adiponectin and leptin system. Methods: 5-week-old male ICR strain mice were divided as follows: normal diet group (CE-2 group), normal diet and nuruneba (SJD) diet group (CE-2 + SJD group), high-fat diet group (HFD group), high-fat diet and Nuruneba diet it was divided into four groups (HFD + SJD group). Each group, food and water were pre-fed individually for one week and then allowed to free access to food and water for eight weeks. At the end of the treatment period, the visceral fat was collected. The triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were determined from plasma and the expression levels of adipocytokines in visceral fat were measured by PCR. Results: Body weight gain was observed in the HFD group, and significant suppression of body weight gain was observed in the HFD + SJD group from the third week after intake. The visceral fat was significantly increased in the HFD group compared to the CE-2 group, and significant suppression was observed in the HFD + SJD group. The effects on adipocytokines were measured for adiponectin and leptin mRNA expression. In adiponectin, the expression was significantly increased in CE-2 + SJD group compared with CE-2 group. The expression level of leptin was significantly increased in the HFD group compared to the CE-2 group, and that of leptin was significantly suppressed in the HFD + SJD. Conclusion: These results suggest that daily intake of SJD activates adiponectin secretion under normal conditions and has an obesity preventive effect and that obesity is prevented by suppressing leptin resistance in the obese state.","PeriodicalId":90609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional health & food science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42082037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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