{"title":"Design of high extinction ratio silicon electro optic modulator based on coupled hybrid plasmonic waveguide using graphene","authors":"Omid Abbaszadeh-Azar, Kambiz Abedi","doi":"10.1016/j.spmi.2021.107061","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>In this paper, a high extinction ratio (ER) and a low power silicon-plasmonic hybrid electro-optic modulator based on graphene has been proposed and designed. The proposed modulator has three coupled waveguides, two </span>silicon<span><span> waveguides, and one hybrid plasmonic waveguide. A hybrid plasmonic waveguide has two coupled graphene layers. Two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and </span>hafnium oxide (HfO</span></span><sub>2</sub><span><span>) are used in the plasmonic waveguide. The high performance and quality modulator is obtained with this combination of materials. By electrically adjusting the graphene refractive index as low as a </span>noble metal<span>, the hybrid plasmonic waveguide support the high lossy surface plasmon<span> polariton (SPPs) waves. Therefore, the propagating optical mode experiences high power attenuation. In addition, the coupling length between waveguides is changed, which causes further attenuation of light. The designed modulator has a high ER (11.01 dB/μm), wide f</span></span></span><sub>3dB</sub> modulation bandwidth (72.2 GHz), and low power consumption (19.36 fJ) at 1.55 μm wavelength. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is used to investigate the proposed modulator characteristics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22044,"journal":{"name":"Superlattices and Microstructures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3000,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"4","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Superlattices and Microstructures","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749603621002597","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Abstract
In this paper, a high extinction ratio (ER) and a low power silicon-plasmonic hybrid electro-optic modulator based on graphene has been proposed and designed. The proposed modulator has three coupled waveguides, two silicon waveguides, and one hybrid plasmonic waveguide. A hybrid plasmonic waveguide has two coupled graphene layers. Two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and hafnium oxide (HfO2) are used in the plasmonic waveguide. The high performance and quality modulator is obtained with this combination of materials. By electrically adjusting the graphene refractive index as low as a noble metal, the hybrid plasmonic waveguide support the high lossy surface plasmon polariton (SPPs) waves. Therefore, the propagating optical mode experiences high power attenuation. In addition, the coupling length between waveguides is changed, which causes further attenuation of light. The designed modulator has a high ER (11.01 dB/μm), wide f3dB modulation bandwidth (72.2 GHz), and low power consumption (19.36 fJ) at 1.55 μm wavelength. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is used to investigate the proposed modulator characteristics.
期刊介绍:
Micro and Nanostructures is a journal disseminating the science and technology of micro-structures and nano-structures in materials and their devices, including individual and collective use of semiconductors, metals and insulators for the exploitation of their unique properties. The journal hosts papers dealing with fundamental and applied experimental research as well as theoretical studies. Fields of interest, including emerging ones, cover:
• Novel micro and nanostructures
• Nanomaterials (nanowires, nanodots, 2D materials ) and devices
• Synthetic heterostructures
• Plasmonics
• Micro and nano-defects in materials (semiconductor, metal and insulators)
• Surfaces and interfaces of thin films
In addition to Research Papers, the journal aims at publishing Topical Reviews providing insights into rapidly evolving or more mature fields. Written by leading researchers in their respective fields, those articles are commissioned by the Editorial Board.
Formerly known as Superlattices and Microstructures, with a 2021 IF of 3.22 and 2021 CiteScore of 5.4