Accidentes por arañas del género Loxosceles en Perú, 2019-2021

Abstract

n Peru, accidents due to spiders of the genus Loxosceles are on the rise in urban and peri-urban areas, being a major public health problem due to the social repercussions they generate, not only due to the number of cases or deaths, but also due to amputations or permanent sequelae that they cause. As an objective, it was proposed to know the number of accidents by spiders of the genus Loxosceles that occurred in Peru during the period 2019-2021. The research was of a retrospective descriptive type during the period 2019-2021. As a data collection instrument, the secondary databases of the notification sheets of the Ministry of Health of Peru for cases of loxoscelism were used, with specifications according to the Epidemiological Bulletin 2019, 2020 and 2021 and the reports of the situational room-CDC. The data was stored in Microsof Excel and epidemiological indicators such as frequencies, incidence rate per 100,000 inhabitants and fatality rate were applied. The results were shown in tables and figures for better reading comprehension. As a result, a total of 3,639 cases of accidents involving spiders of the genus Loxosceles were found, distributed in 52.65% (1916/3639) for the year 2019, 26.30% (957/3639) for 2020 and 21.05%. (766/3639) 2021, the incidence rate per 100,000 inhabitants was 3.69 in 2019, 1.88 in 2020 and 1.37 in 2021, the fatality rate was 0.10% (2/1916) for the year 2019 and 0, 00% for 2020 and 2021, it was possible to show that San Martin, Lima and Arequipa were the areas with the most reported cases.