Recent advances in mechanisms of megakaryopoiesis and platelet formation

国际输血及血液学杂志 Pub Date : 2019-01-20 DOI:10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-419X.2019.01.005

Rong Li

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Abstract

Platelets are specialized cells, which are functioned to prevent bleeding and minimize blood vessel injury, and are also the predominating factor in the processes of hemostasis and thrombosis, while implicate in other processes including inflammation, innate immunity, angiogenesis and tumor metastasis. Among current mechanisms of platelet formation, platelets are produced by megakaryocytes, which are themselves generated by a process of controlled differentiation and maturation of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and progenitor cells. Megakaryocytes release platelets by extending long, branching proplatelets, into sinusoidal blood vessels. Bone marrow cavity and extracellular matrix composition together with cytokines as thrombopoietin (TPO) are key regulators of megakaryopoiesis by supporting cell differentiation and platelet formation. Understanding the mechanisms of megakaryocyte differentiation and platelet formation can provide a solid theoretical basis for the treatment of platelet-related diseases. This review summarizes the current scientific research progress in the mechanisms of megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis. Key words: Megakaryocytes; Cell differentiation; Thrombopoiesis; Transcription factors; Apoptosis; Megakaryopoiesis

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巨核生成和血小板形成机制的最新进展

血小板是一种特殊的细胞，具有防止出血和尽量减少血管损伤的功能，也是止血和血栓形成过程中的主要因素，同时参与其他过程，包括炎症、先天免疫、血管生成和肿瘤转移。在目前的血小板形成机制中，血小板是由巨核细胞产生的，巨核细胞本身是通过骨髓造血干细胞（HSC）和祖细胞的受控分化和成熟过程产生的。巨核细胞通过将长的、分支的血小板前体延伸到正弦血管中来释放血小板。骨髓腔和细胞外基质组成以及血小板生成素（TPO）等细胞因子通过支持细胞分化和血小板形成，是巨核细胞生成的关键调节因子。了解巨核细胞分化和血小板形成的机制，可以为血小板相关疾病的治疗提供坚实的理论基础。本文综述了近年来巨核细胞和血栓形成机制的研究进展。关键词：巨核细胞；细胞分化；血栓形成；转录因子；细胞凋亡；巨核细胞生成

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来源期刊

国际输血及血液学杂志

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10610

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Transfusion and Hematology was founded in September 1978. It is a comprehensive academic journal in the field of transfusion and hematology, supervised by the National Health Commission and co-sponsored by the Chinese Medical Association, West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University, and the Institute of Transfusion Medicine of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. The journal is a comprehensive academic journal that combines the basic and clinical aspects of transfusion and hematology and is publicly distributed at home and abroad. The International Journal of Transfusion and Hematology mainly reports on the basic and clinical scientific research results and progress in the field of transfusion and hematology, new experiences, new methods, and new technologies in clinical diagnosis and treatment, introduces domestic and foreign research trends, conducts academic exchanges, and promotes the development of basic and clinical research in the field of transfusion and hematology.