Genetic sequence and phylogenetic analysis of Trichomonos gallinae in racing pigeons at Mosul city, Iraq

Abstract

This is the first study in Mosul to use genetic sequencing technology to diagnose and document the type, strain, and genotype of Trichomonos gallinae in racing pigeons. It was distinguished by the geographical sequence of Mosul, Iraqi city. Thirty isolates of T. gallinae were chosen from a total of 56 that had been molecularly characterized to examine the extent to which these isolates matched in terms of genetic sequencing. The DNA from the T. gallinae parasite was extracted, and the master mix for all of the polymerization reaction components was created based on the needed quantities of the reaction components for each sample. The acquired sequences were matched to known sequences in databases to determine the trichomonos species parasite and strain responsible for the infection. The results of the DNA sequencing examination revealed that after the polymerase chain reaction amplification products were sent to Macrogen, Korea, to determine the genetic variation of the local strains, the products of the small subunit rRNA-Gene and the reaction product of bp 194 of the Trichomonos gallinae parasite were sent to the National Centre for Biotechnology Information, NCBI Gen Bank, for recording. Based on the small partial ribosomal RNA according to blast in GenBank of the NCBI, the percentage of match in the genetic sequence was 100% between the genetic sequence in Mosul and the genetic sequences in Brazil and Portugal. France, Spain, Iran, Poland, Prague, Hungary, Australia, and the United States are among the countries involved. The Trichomonas gallinae genetic sequence in racing pigeons from Mosul has been discovered for the first time in the GenBank database, revealing a 100% match with other countries' sequences. This discovery reveals the pathogen's worldwide dissemination and interconnection, aiding in the development of effective diagnostic procedures, preventive measures, and targeted treatments. The discovery also emphasises the need for cooperation in monitoring and regulating the spread of the infection, supporting a collaborative strategy against avian diseases.