Forensic odontology: Assessing bite wounds to determine the role of teeth in piscivorous fishes

IF 2.2 4区 生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY Integrative Organismal Biology Pub Date : 2022-03-12 DOI:10.1093/iob/obac011
C. Ghalambor, Lynn B. Martin, H. Woods
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引用次数: 10

Abstract

Synopsis Teeth facilitate the acquisition and processing of food in most vertebrates. However, relatively little is known about the functions of the diverse tooth morphologies observed in fishes. Piscivorous fishes (fish-eating fish) are crucial in shaping community structure and rely on their oral teeth to capture and/or process prey. However, how teeth are utilized in capturing and/or processing prey remains unclear. Most studies have determined the function of teeth by assessing morphological traits. The behavior during feeding, however, is seldom quantified. Here, we describe the function of teeth within piscivorous fishes by considering how morphological and behavioral traits interact during prey capture and processing. This was achieved through aquarium-based performance experiments, where prey fish were fed to 12 species of piscivorous fishes. Building on techniques in forensic odontology, we incorporate a novel approach to quantify and categorize bite damage on prey fish that were extracted from the piscivore’s stomachs immediately after being ingested. We then assess the significance of morphological and behavioral traits in determining the extent and severity of damage inflicted on prey fish. Results show that engulfing piscivores capture their prey whole and head-first. Grabbing piscivores capture prey tail-first using their teeth, process them using multiple headshakes and bites, before spitting them out, and then re-capturing prey head-first for ingestion. Prey from engulfers sustained minimal damage, whereas prey from grabbers sustained significant damage to the epaxial musculature. Within grabbers, headshakes were significantly associated with more severe damage categories. Headshaking behavior damages the locomotive muscles of prey, presumably to prevent escape. Compared to non-pharyngognaths, pharyngognath piscivores inflict significantly greater damage to prey. Overall, when present, oral jaw teeth appear to be crucial for both prey capture and processing (immobilization) in piscivorous fishes.
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法医牙病学:评估咬伤以确定牙齿在鱼类中的作用
在大多数脊椎动物中,牙齿有助于获取和加工食物。然而,对鱼类中观察到的不同牙齿形态的功能知之甚少。食鱼鱼类(以鱼为食的鱼类)在形成群落结构中起着至关重要的作用,它们依靠口腔牙齿捕获和/或加工猎物。然而,牙齿如何用于捕获和/或加工猎物仍不清楚。大多数研究都是通过评估形态特征来确定牙齿的功能。然而,进食过程中的行为很少被量化。在这里,我们通过考虑在猎物捕获和加工过程中形态和行为特征如何相互作用来描述鱼食性鱼类的牙齿功能。这是通过基于水族馆的性能实验来实现的,在实验中,猎物鱼被喂食给12种食鱼鱼类。在法医牙科学技术的基础上,我们采用了一种新的方法来量化和分类被捕食鱼的咬伤,这些鱼是在被摄入后立即从鱼鱼的胃中取出的。然后,我们评估形态和行为特征在确定对猎物造成损害的程度和严重程度方面的意义。结果表明,吞噬型鱼食性动物会头朝下完整捕获猎物。抓鱼的动物用牙齿先抓住猎物的尾巴,用多次摇头和咬的方式处理猎物,然后吐出来,然后重新抓住猎物的头先吞下。吞食者的猎物受到的伤害很小,而掠食者的猎物对外轴肌肉组织的伤害很大。在抓握器中,摇头与更严重的损伤类别显著相关。摇头行为会损害猎物的运动肌肉,可能是为了防止逃跑。与非咽颌鱼相比,咽颌鱼对猎物造成的伤害要大得多。总的来说,当存在时,在食鱼鱼类中,口颌牙齿似乎对猎物捕获和加工(固定)至关重要。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.70
自引率
6.70%
发文量
48
审稿时长
20 weeks
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