Resistance of pea (Pisum sativum L.) varieties to fungal diseases and their productivity in the South-East of Kazakhstan

Abstract

In Kazakhstan, fungal diseases root rot and Ascochyta strongly affect the growth and yield of peas. Traditional breeding practices have resulted in improved resistance to these diseases in adapted varieties and lines, which is the main way to minimize yield losses. The global problem for breeders is to identify genes for disease resistance and use them in breeding programs. At the moment, promising, highly resistant to fungal diseases have been identified. In this work, modern methods of experiment, observation and accounting, selection and preparation of land plots, laying and experimenting with physiological and biological parameters of pea samples were used. Monitoring was carried out to determine the phytopathological and immunological evaluation of 59 varieties and lines of peas to fungal diseases was carried out. As a result of the analysis, 16 genotypes were highly resistant (I), 32 resistant (R) and 11 moderately resistant (MR) to Ascochyta in the natural background of the disease. At the same time, 21 genotypes were highly resistant (I), 26 resistant (R), 5 moderately resistant (MR), 6 moderately susceptible (MS) and 1 susceptible (S) to root rot on a natural background. On an artificial infectious background, the result showed that 9 genotypes were highly resistant (I), 43 resistant (R), and 7 moderately resistant to Ascochyta. And 19 genotypes were highly resistant (I), 33 resistant (R), 3 moderately resistant (MR), 2 moderately susceptible (MS) and 2 susceptible (S) to root rot. As a result of phenological analysis, in most pea samples, ascochitosis disease and root rot were pronounced, but with the least damage. The vegetation period was 112 days in 2021, and up to 93 days in 2022. According to the analysis indicators, all pea samples are very useful for identifying donors and can be included in breeding programs for hybridization to create new productive and resistant varieties.