Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1086
T. D. Phung
Severe alterations in rainfall patterns have led to a shortage of irrigation water in rice paddies, resulting in income decline and spontaneous migration to urban centers. Recognizing the crucial significance of irrigation water for rice cultivation in the Plain of Reeds (PORs), this study aims to assess the impacts of rainfall characteristics alteration on rice yield in the concern of climate variation. The study focuses on variations in rainfall characteristics and their changing trends across the PORs. Non-parametric statistical approaches such as Mann-Kendall and Sen's slope estimator and Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) are employed for data analysis. The study utilizes daily rainfall data spanning 38 years (1985-2022) from the National Center for Hydrometeorological Forecasting (NCHF). The results demonstrate significant changes in rainfall characteristics such as rainfall in rainy season (RRS), date of the rainy season onset (DRSO) and date of the rainy season cessation (DRSC). Rice productivity exhibits substantial changes, with increases during La-Nina years and significant decreases during strong El-Niño events across the study area. The findings provide valuable insights for discussing and formulating policies on adaptive agricultural production methods in response to changing climate conditions, ensuring sustainable crop production in the region.
{"title":"Climate change impacts on rice cultivation paddies in the Plain of Reeds, Vietnam","authors":"T. D. Phung","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1086","url":null,"abstract":" Severe alterations in rainfall patterns have led to a shortage of irrigation water in rice paddies, resulting in income decline and spontaneous migration to urban centers. Recognizing the crucial significance of irrigation water for rice cultivation in the Plain of Reeds (PORs), this study aims to assess the impacts of rainfall characteristics alteration on rice yield in the concern of climate variation. The study focuses on variations in rainfall characteristics and their changing trends across the PORs. Non-parametric statistical approaches such as Mann-Kendall and Sen's slope estimator and Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) are employed for data analysis. The study utilizes daily rainfall data spanning 38 years (1985-2022) from the National Center for Hydrometeorological Forecasting (NCHF). The results demonstrate significant changes in rainfall characteristics such as rainfall in rainy season (RRS), date of the rainy season onset (DRSO) and date of the rainy season cessation (DRSC). Rice productivity exhibits substantial changes, with increases during La-Nina years and significant decreases during strong El-Niño events across the study area. The findings provide valuable insights for discussing and formulating policies on adaptive agricultural production methods in response to changing climate conditions, ensuring sustainable crop production in the region.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":"307 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141386566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-24DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1070
Mehrnoush Aminisarteshnizi
Dorylaim nematodes inhabit soil and are predatory, primarily feeding on other nematodes. This predatory behaviour positions them as a potential natural solution to combat plant-parasitic nematodes. By preying on their fellow nematodes, they contribute significantly to ecological diversity. Therefore, this molecular study was conducted in 2022 at the University of Limpopo to identify the soil nematodes from South Africa using a 28S rDNA marker. The recovered nematode was extracted using the tray method. The Chelex method was used to extract DNA, and the nematode was identified as Discolaimium. Afterward, 28S rDNA was amplified using specific primers to identify the nematode. The Nblast analysis based on the small subunit ribosomal DNA showed that South African Discolaimium has a 97% similarity (MG921263) with the Chinese population of Discolaimium. Phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood placed this species with those molecularly identified as Discolaimium in the same clade with highly supported (100) bootstrap values. In conclusion, this species was properly identified using 28S rDNA. However, other DNA markers are recommended to understand the Discolaimium phylogeny better.
{"title":"Phylogenetic position of Discolaimium (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from South Africa using 28S rDNA","authors":"Mehrnoush Aminisarteshnizi","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1070","url":null,"abstract":" Dorylaim nematodes inhabit soil and are predatory, primarily feeding on other nematodes. This predatory behaviour positions them as a potential natural solution to combat plant-parasitic nematodes. By preying on their fellow nematodes, they contribute significantly to ecological diversity. Therefore, this molecular study was conducted in 2022 at the University of Limpopo to identify the soil nematodes from South Africa using a 28S rDNA marker. The recovered nematode was extracted using the tray method. The Chelex method was used to extract DNA, and the nematode was identified as Discolaimium. Afterward, 28S rDNA was amplified using specific primers to identify the nematode. The Nblast analysis based on the small subunit ribosomal DNA showed that South African Discolaimium has a 97% similarity (MG921263) with the Chinese population of Discolaimium. Phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood placed this species with those molecularly identified as Discolaimium in the same clade with highly supported (100) bootstrap values. In conclusion, this species was properly identified using 28S rDNA. However, other DNA markers are recommended to understand the Discolaimium phylogeny better.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":"9 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141100711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-24DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1064
Agus Susanto, W. D. Natawigena, Yayan Sumekar, Arief Nasrullah Hidayath
Bactrocera dorsalis and Bactrocera carambolae are major pests of various commodities that could cause significant losses, if not controlled. Insecticide usage is a common control carried out by farmers. The test was conducted to determine the toxicity level of several types of insecticides on the mortality of two different fruit fly species. The fruit fly population used in the study came from the collection owned by Center for Forecasting Plant Pest Organisms (BBPOPT), Karawang. The research method used was an experimental method with a Randomized Block Design. The test was carried out using the dry film method. The concentration ranges used were 0.02-1 ml/L fipronil insecticide, 0.01-0.6 ml/L ethion insecticide, 0.02-0.6 ml/L deltamethrin insecticide, and 0.02-0.8 ml/L lambda-cyhalothrin insecticide. The control treatment used was acetone alone. Each treatment was replicated thrice. Mortality was observed at 1, 3, 24, and 48 hours after treatment. Cumulative mortality at 48 hours after treatment was analyzed using probit to determine the LC50 and LC95 values at 48 hours. The results showed that the insecticide deltamethrin was the most toxic insecticide to B. carambolae with an LC50 value of 0.025 ml/L and an LC95 of 0.646 ml/L. Ethion was the most toxic insecticide for B. dorsalis with LC50 values of 0.046 ml/L and LC95 of 0.746 ml/L. The LC50 values of all insecticide treatments for two different species were below the recommended concentrations.
{"title":"Toxicity of several insecticides against fruit flies Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) and Bactrocera carambolae (Drew and Hancock) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the laboratory","authors":"Agus Susanto, W. D. Natawigena, Yayan Sumekar, Arief Nasrullah Hidayath","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1064","url":null,"abstract":"Bactrocera dorsalis and Bactrocera carambolae are major pests of various commodities that could cause significant losses, if not controlled. Insecticide usage is a common control carried out by farmers. The test was conducted to determine the toxicity level of several types of insecticides on the mortality of two different fruit fly species. The fruit fly population used in the study came from the collection owned by Center for Forecasting Plant Pest Organisms (BBPOPT), Karawang. The research method used was an experimental method with a Randomized Block Design. The test was carried out using the dry film method. The concentration ranges used were 0.02-1 ml/L fipronil insecticide, 0.01-0.6 ml/L ethion insecticide, 0.02-0.6 ml/L deltamethrin insecticide, and 0.02-0.8 ml/L lambda-cyhalothrin insecticide. The control treatment used was acetone alone. Each treatment was replicated thrice. Mortality was observed at 1, 3, 24, and 48 hours after treatment. Cumulative mortality at 48 hours after treatment was analyzed using probit to determine the LC50 and LC95 values at 48 hours. The results showed that the insecticide deltamethrin was the most toxic insecticide to B. carambolae with an LC50 value of 0.025 ml/L and an LC95 of 0.646 ml/L. Ethion was the most toxic insecticide for B. dorsalis with LC50 values of 0.046 ml/L and LC95 of 0.746 ml/L. The LC50 values of all insecticide treatments for two different species were below the recommended concentrations.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":"6 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141100116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cancer bush (Sutherlandia frutescens) is a medicinal plant indigenous to Southern Africa, important in the treatment of diverse human diseases and ailments. The rampant harvesting in the wild has threatened many indigenous medicinal plants. To safeguard this national treasure, cultivation has been recommended. Recently, substantial insect damage to the wild population of cancer bush in the Limpopo province has been observed. Currently, there are no reports of insect pests associated with cancer bush, hence the objective of this study was to use morphological and molecular tools in the identification of insect pest associated with extensive damage to wild cancer bush populations in Makgophong and Tubatse, Limpopo Province, South Africa from March to June 2023. Plants were cut longitudinally to expose insects inside the stem, and a microscope at 40X magnification, was used to examine the morphological characteristics of insects found. Insect species found were further confirmed using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (COI). All life stages of the beetle except the egg stage were observed in the plant, and the morphological and molecular examination of these specimens revealed that the adults and larvae corresponded with the descriptions of Sphenoptera species. This is the first positive confirmation of Sphenoptera species associated with cancer bush and urgent development of management strategies is needed if this plant population (species) is to be conserved.
{"title":"Sphenoptera sp. (Buprestidae: Coleoptera) threatening wild cancer bush (Sutherlandia frutescens) population ","authors":"MOSES TIMANA, ZAKHELENI DUBE, NCOBILE NKUNA, MMAGADIMA SEBATI, THOBILE MKHWANAZI, RIVONINGO UBISI","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1078","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer bush (Sutherlandia frutescens) is a medicinal plant indigenous to Southern Africa, important in the treatment of diverse human diseases and ailments. The rampant harvesting in the wild has threatened many indigenous medicinal plants. To safeguard this national treasure, cultivation has been recommended. Recently, substantial insect damage to the wild population of cancer bush in the Limpopo province has been observed. Currently, there are no reports of insect pests associated with cancer bush, hence the objective of this study was to use morphological and molecular tools in the identification of insect pest associated with extensive damage to wild cancer bush populations in Makgophong and Tubatse, Limpopo Province, South Africa from March to June 2023. Plants were cut longitudinally to expose insects inside the stem, and a microscope at 40X magnification, was used to examine the morphological characteristics of insects found. Insect species found were further confirmed using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (COI). All life stages of the beetle except the egg stage were observed in the plant, and the morphological and molecular examination of these specimens revealed that the adults and larvae corresponded with the descriptions of Sphenoptera species. This is the first positive confirmation of Sphenoptera species associated with cancer bush and urgent development of management strategies is needed if this plant population (species) is to be conserved.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":"10 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141099541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-24DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1030
Mehrnoush Aminisarteshnizi
Aceria (Trombidiformes: Eriophyidae) is the largest known genus among the Eriophyoidea and is associated with economically important crops as pest species are distributed worldwide. Therefore, correctly identifying them for their control and management is necessary. This study was conducted to isolate and identify Aceria sp. in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Therefore, this molecular study was conducted in 2023 at Limpopo University. To identify Aceria sp., 28S rDNA marker used. The DNA was extracted using the Chelex method. The Aceria was identified as Aceria sp. The Nblast analysis showed South African Aceria sp. has 92% similarity with a population from Russia (OP419491). Phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood placed this species with those molecularly identified as Aceria sp. in the same clade with highly supported (96) bootstrap values. In conclusion, this species is identified using 28S rDNA properly. However, other DNA markers are recommended to better understand Aceria sp. phylogeny.
{"title":"Phylogenetic position of Aceria sp. (Trombidiformes: Eriophyidae) based on 28S rDNA partial sequences Limpopo Province, South Africa ","authors":"Mehrnoush Aminisarteshnizi","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1030","url":null,"abstract":" Aceria (Trombidiformes: Eriophyidae) is the largest known genus among the Eriophyoidea and is associated with economically important crops as pest species are distributed worldwide. Therefore, correctly identifying them for their control and management is necessary. This study was conducted to isolate and identify Aceria sp. in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Therefore, this molecular study was conducted in 2023 at Limpopo University. To identify Aceria sp., 28S rDNA marker used. The DNA was extracted using the Chelex method. The Aceria was identified as Aceria sp. The Nblast analysis showed South African Aceria sp. has 92% similarity with a population from Russia (OP419491). Phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood placed this species with those molecularly identified as Aceria sp. in the same clade with highly supported (96) bootstrap values. In conclusion, this species is identified using 28S rDNA properly. However, other DNA markers are recommended to better understand Aceria sp. phylogeny.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141099732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1059
Ryan Widianto, Denny Kurniadie
Desiccation of potato crops using herbicides is one of the methods widely used by farmers. Desiccation affects several key aspects such as tuber yield and potato skin hardness. This study aimed to investigate the effects of desiccation on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) on skin hardness and yield. Experimental methods were used by varying the level of desiccation on different herbicide groups. Ammonium glufosinate, glyphosate, paraquat and saflufenacil herbicides were used in this study which were then compared with manual trimming and no desiccation treatment. The results showed that all herbicides reached a percentage of desiccation above 95% on the 15 days after application. All herbicide treatments other than glyphosate showed the same potato skin hardness as the manual trimming treatment and were harder than potato tubers without desiccation treatment. Desiccation using ammonium glufosinate herbicide at 375 g a.i./ha had the highest potato tuber yield compared to other herbicide applications.
{"title":"Chemical desiccation of potato haulms to increase skin hardness and potato yield ","authors":"Ryan Widianto, Denny Kurniadie","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1059","url":null,"abstract":" Desiccation of potato crops using herbicides is one of the methods widely used by farmers. Desiccation affects several key aspects such as tuber yield and potato skin hardness. This study aimed to investigate the effects of desiccation on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) on skin hardness and yield. Experimental methods were used by varying the level of desiccation on different herbicide groups. Ammonium glufosinate, glyphosate, paraquat and saflufenacil herbicides were used in this study which were then compared with manual trimming and no desiccation treatment. The results showed that all herbicides reached a percentage of desiccation above 95% on the 15 days after application. All herbicide treatments other than glyphosate showed the same potato skin hardness as the manual trimming treatment and were harder than potato tubers without desiccation treatment. Desiccation using ammonium glufosinate herbicide at 375 g a.i./ha had the highest potato tuber yield compared to other herbicide applications.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":"41 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141107715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1067
Gavin Geldenhuys
Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus is one of the tomato fields' most important plant-parasitic nematodes. In this study, the soil was sampled in 2023. The identification and determination of nematodes was made in the Aquaculture Research Unit at the University of Limpopo. During the investigation of this nematode in the Tzaneen region, the properties of soils infected with this nematode, including pH and EC, were investigated. The population of H. pseudorobustus was counted in 100 grams of soil in each season, and soil characteristics were also analysed at the same time. The results in different seasons of the year showed that the range of pH changes during the year of investigation was between 5.2 and 6.6, and the range of EC changes was between 2.9 and 4.3 mS. A comparison of EC and pH changes with population changes showed that the population increased approximately in the months when soil salinity decreased. In addition, soil structure (71.9% sand, 8.0% silt, and 20.1% clay) didn't influence the H. pseudorobustus population. However, the results showed no significant relationship between soil factors and the population dynamic of H. pseudorobustus nematode throughout the year.
{"title":"Relationship between soil factors with Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus isolated from tomato fields in Limpopo Province, South Africa ","authors":"Gavin Geldenhuys","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1067","url":null,"abstract":"Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus is one of the tomato fields' most important plant-parasitic nematodes. In this study, the soil was sampled in 2023. The identification and determination of nematodes was made in the Aquaculture Research Unit at the University of Limpopo. During the investigation of this nematode in the Tzaneen region, the properties of soils infected with this nematode, including pH and EC, were investigated. The population of H. pseudorobustus was counted in 100 grams of soil in each season, and soil characteristics were also analysed at the same time. The results in different seasons of the year showed that the range of pH changes during the year of investigation was between 5.2 and 6.6, and the range of EC changes was between 2.9 and 4.3 mS. A comparison of EC and pH changes with population changes showed that the population increased approximately in the months when soil salinity decreased. In addition, soil structure (71.9% sand, 8.0% silt, and 20.1% clay) didn't influence the H. pseudorobustus population. However, the results showed no significant relationship between soil factors and the population dynamic of H. pseudorobustus nematode throughout the year.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":"52 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141103198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1065
Bushra Solanki, MOHD SAGHIR KHAN
The long-term application of agrochemicals, including pesticides, in intensive agricultural practices to protect crops from biotic stresses results in the emergence of resistance among phytopathogens and the ineffectiveness of chemical applications. The microbiological strategies, in contrast, minimize the reliance on chemicals and, hence, reduce environmental and human health risks. Bacterial wilt of tomato induced by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most destructive diseases worldwide that requires urgent attention to develop a safer and more efficient method to control the phytopathogen. The present work was conducted in the year 2022-2023. In this study, the bacterial wilt was managed by an antagonist bacterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens, exhibiting variable morphological, biochemical, and plant growth-promoting activities. The P. fluorescens inhibited the growth of R. solanacearum in plate assay at different time intervals (0-48 h). The SEM image of R. solanacearum cells cultured with P. fluorescens revealed pores, distortion, and fragmented cell envelope, while the untreated bacterial cells were uniform and smooth. Tomato plants infected with R. solanacearum showed 89% disease incidence compared to uninfected but PGPR-inoculated tomato plants. Application of P. fluorescens reduced disease incidence by 63% compared to R. solanacearum infested plants. Furthermore, plant length enhanced by 21 and 26% significantly following bacterial inoculation after three and four weeks of growth. Conclusively, this study emphasizes the effectiveness of using PGPR as a potent strategy for managing wilt disease in vegetable crops, especially tomato.
在集约化农业生产中长期使用农用化学品（包括杀虫剂）来保护作物免受生物胁迫，会导致植物病原体产生抗药性，并使化学品的使用失去效果。相比之下，微生物策略最大限度地减少了对化学品的依赖，从而降低了环境和人类健康风险。Ralstonia solanacearum 引发的番茄细菌性枯萎病是全球最具破坏性的病害之一，急需开发一种更安全、更有效的方法来控制这种植物病原体。本研究于 2022-2023 年进行。在这项研究中，细菌枯萎病由一种拮抗细菌--荧光假单胞菌（Pseudomonas fluorescens）控制，该细菌表现出不同的形态、生化和植物生长促进活性。在平板试验中，荧光假单胞菌在不同时间间隔（0-48 小时）抑制了茄枯萎病菌的生长。用 P. fluorescens 培养的 R. solanacearum 细胞的扫描电镜图像显示有孔隙、变形和破碎的细胞包膜，而未处理的细菌细胞则均匀、光滑。与未感染但接种了 PGPR 的番茄植株相比，感染了 R. solanacearum 的番茄植株的发病率为 89%。与受 R. solanacearum 感染的植株相比，施用 P. fluorescens 可使病害发生率降低 63%。此外，在番茄生长三周和四周后接种细菌，植株长度分别显著增加了 21% 和 26%。总之，这项研究强调了使用 PGPR 作为管理蔬菜作物（尤其是番茄）枯萎病的有效策略的有效性。
{"title":"Unveiling the efficacy of a bacterial antagonist in the management of tomato wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum","authors":"Bushra Solanki, MOHD SAGHIR KHAN","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1065","url":null,"abstract":"The long-term application of agrochemicals, including pesticides, in intensive agricultural practices to protect crops from biotic stresses results in the emergence of resistance among phytopathogens and the ineffectiveness of chemical applications. The microbiological strategies, in contrast, minimize the reliance on chemicals and, hence, reduce environmental and human health risks. Bacterial wilt of tomato induced by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most destructive diseases worldwide that requires urgent attention to develop a safer and more efficient method to control the phytopathogen. The present work was conducted in the year 2022-2023. In this study, the bacterial wilt was managed by an antagonist bacterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens, exhibiting variable morphological, biochemical, and plant growth-promoting activities. The P. fluorescens inhibited the growth of R. solanacearum in plate assay at different time intervals (0-48 h). The SEM image of R. solanacearum cells cultured with P. fluorescens revealed pores, distortion, and fragmented cell envelope, while the untreated bacterial cells were uniform and smooth. Tomato plants infected with R. solanacearum showed 89% disease incidence compared to uninfected but PGPR-inoculated tomato plants. Application of P. fluorescens reduced disease incidence by 63% compared to R. solanacearum infested plants. Furthermore, plant length enhanced by 21 and 26% significantly following bacterial inoculation after three and four weeks of growth. Conclusively, this study emphasizes the effectiveness of using PGPR as a potent strategy for managing wilt disease in vegetable crops, especially tomato.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":"1 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141107083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1008
K. P. Malatji, P. Mashela, K. Pofu
Nemafric-BL phytonematicide is a potent plant-based nematicide which consistently suppress nematode population densities of root-knot (Meloidogyne species) nematodes on various crops, but with limited information on its effects on foliar nutrient elements in sweet potato. The objective of this study, therefore, was to investigate the effects of Nemafric-BL phytonematicide on accumulation of nutrient elements in leaf tissues of sweet potato cv. 'Bophelo' under greenhouse conditions in Limpopo Province, South Africa, during autumn (February-April) in 2021 and validated in 2022. The product was applied weekly at geometric concentrations, with mature leaves collected and prepared for analysis of nutrient elements at eight weeks. Seasonal interactions were not significant and therefore data were pooled (n = 70) and then subjected to the Curve-fitting Allelochemical Response Dose (CARD) algorithm computer model. Iron (R2 = 0.86), K (0.91) and Na (0.82) versus Nemafric-BL phytonematicide each exhibited negative quadratic relations, whereas Zn (0.83) versus the product exhibited positive quadratic relations. In all test elements, the CARD-generated biological indices illustrated that the accumulation of elements was highly sensitive to the concentration of Nemafric-BL phytonematicide. In conclusion, in sweet potato production, the application of Nemafric-BL phytonematicide can inhibit (Fe, K) and stimulate (Zn) the accumulation of certain elements in leaf tissues of sweet potato cv. ′Bophelo‵.
{"title":"Response of selected nutrient elements in leaf tissues of sweet potato cv. 'Bophelo' to Nemafric-BL phytonematicide","authors":"K. P. Malatji, P. Mashela, K. Pofu","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1008","url":null,"abstract":"Nemafric-BL phytonematicide is a potent plant-based nematicide which consistently suppress nematode population densities of root-knot (Meloidogyne species) nematodes on various crops, but with limited information on its effects on foliar nutrient elements in sweet potato. The objective of this study, therefore, was to investigate the effects of Nemafric-BL phytonematicide on accumulation of nutrient elements in leaf tissues of sweet potato cv. 'Bophelo' under greenhouse conditions in Limpopo Province, South Africa, during autumn (February-April) in 2021 and validated in 2022. The product was applied weekly at geometric concentrations, with mature leaves collected and prepared for analysis of nutrient elements at eight weeks. Seasonal interactions were not significant and therefore data were pooled (n = 70) and then subjected to the Curve-fitting Allelochemical Response Dose (CARD) algorithm computer model. Iron (R2 = 0.86), K (0.91) and Na (0.82) versus Nemafric-BL phytonematicide each exhibited negative quadratic relations, whereas Zn (0.83) versus the product exhibited positive quadratic relations. In all test elements, the CARD-generated biological indices illustrated that the accumulation of elements was highly sensitive to the concentration of Nemafric-BL phytonematicide. In conclusion, in sweet potato production, the application of Nemafric-BL phytonematicide can inhibit (Fe, K) and stimulate (Zn) the accumulation of certain elements in leaf tissues of sweet potato cv. ′Bophelo‵.","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":"40 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141103564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1022
GAVIN GELDENHUYS
Farming with tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) in South Africa can be a highly profitable operation, provided the farmer starts the crop with the right variety of quality seedlings, suited for the specific growth area. Therefore, it is necessary to study tomato seedlings on the molecular level. This study was conducted to isolate and identify S. lycopersicum in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Therefore, this molecular study was conducted in 2022 at Limpopo University. To identify S. lycopersicum 28S rDNA marker was used. The DNA was extracted using the Chelex method. The tomato was identified as S. lycopersicum. The Nblast analysis showed South African S. lycopersicum has a 99.8% similarity with a population from Germany (OU640345) and a 99.7% similarity with a population from Sweden (OK073662). Phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood placed this species with those molecularly identified as S. lycopersicum in the same clade with highly supported (83) bootstrap values. In conclusion, this species is identified using 28S rDNA properly. However, other DNA markers are recommended to understand Solanum spp. phylogeny better.
在南非种植番茄（Solanum lycopersicum）可以获得丰厚的利润，前提是农民在开始种植时要选择适合特定生长区域的优质秧苗品种。因此，有必要对番茄幼苗进行分子水平的研究。本研究旨在分离和鉴定南非林波波省的番茄属植物。因此，这项分子研究于 2022 年在林波波大学进行。鉴定番茄属植物时使用了 28S rDNA 标记。采用 Chelex 方法提取 DNA。番茄被鉴定为 S. lycopersicum。Nblast分析表明，南非番茄与德国的一个种群（OU640345）有99.8%的相似性，与瑞典的一个种群（OK073662）有99.7%的相似性。利用最大似然法进行的系统发育分析将该物种与分子鉴定为 S. lycopersicum 的物种置于同一支系中，其引导值得到高度支持（83）。总之，使用 28S rDNA 可以正确鉴定该物种。然而，为了更好地了解茄属植物的系统发育，建议使用其他 DNA 标记。
{"title":"Identification of molecular characters of tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum) from Limpopo Province, South Africa, using 28S rDNA ","authors":"GAVIN GELDENHUYS","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2024.roc-1022","url":null,"abstract":" Farming with tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) in South Africa can be a highly profitable operation, provided the farmer starts the crop with the right variety of quality seedlings, suited for the specific growth area. Therefore, it is necessary to study tomato seedlings on the molecular level. This study was conducted to isolate and identify S. lycopersicum in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Therefore, this molecular study was conducted in 2022 at Limpopo University. To identify S. lycopersicum 28S rDNA marker was used. The DNA was extracted using the Chelex method. The tomato was identified as S. lycopersicum. The Nblast analysis showed South African S. lycopersicum has a 99.8% similarity with a population from Germany (OU640345) and a 99.7% similarity with a population from Sweden (OK073662). Phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood placed this species with those molecularly identified as S. lycopersicum in the same clade with highly supported (83) bootstrap values. In conclusion, this species is identified using 28S rDNA properly. However, other DNA markers are recommended to understand Solanum spp. phylogeny better.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":"48 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141103258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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