KUALITAS AIR SUNGAI GAJAH WONG DITINJAU DARI PENGHAMBATAN ENZIM ASETILKOLINESTERASE (Water Quality Assessment of Gajah Wong River Based on Inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase Activity)

Abstract

ASBTRAKSungai Gajah Wong, salah satu sungai di kota Yogyakarta, dikhawatirkan terpapar pencemaran air akibat pembuangan limbah rumah tangga, industri, rumah sakit maupun hotel yang masuk ke dalam alirannya. Hal ini menyebabkan penurunan kualitas air sungai dan menimbulkan dampak negatif bagi makhluk hidup yang memanfaatkannya. Pencemaran air sungai tersebut dapat diamati secara biokimiawi berdasarkan uji aktivitas penghambatan enzim asetilkolinesterase (AChE) oleh cemaran pestisida organofosfat dan karbamat. Uji biokimiawi dalam analisis kualitas air terhadap penghambatan AChE dapat dilakukan secara kolorimetrik menurut metode Ellman. Hasil reaksi ini dapat diamati secara melalui pembentukan senyawa berwarna dan serapannya dapat diukur pada panjang gelombang visibel. Penentuan lokasi sampling pada penelitian didasarkan pada pertimbangan sebaran muatan polusi/diffuse pollution loads consideration. Ditetapkan enam lokasi pengambilan sampel air sungai yaitu GW-1, GW-2, GW-3, GW-4, GW-5, dan GW-6 berturut-turut dari utara ke selatan. Dari keenam lokasi, GW-6 sebagai titik paling selatan dalam jalur pengambilan sampel menunjukkan penghambatan aktivitas AChE yang paling tinggi ditunjukkan dengan aktivitas AChE yang rendah. ASBTRACTGajah Wong River, one of the rivers in Yogyakarta city, was threatened by contamination of water pollutant due to the disposal waste of households, industrials, hospitals and hotels into its stream. The pollutions might cause the decreasing of water quality and raised the negative impact to living creatures that exploit it. River pollutions can be observed biochemically based on inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activity by organophosphate and carbamate pesticide contamination. Biochemical assay in the analysis of water quality could be done according to the colorimetric of Ellman’s method. The results of this reaction can be observed by measuring the formation of colored compounds at visible wavelengths. Determination of the sampling location in this research was performed based on diffuse pollution loads consideration. Six sampling sites was defined and named as GW-1, GW 2, GW 3, GW 4, GW-5, and GW-6, respectively in a row from north to south. As the results, water from GW-6 as the southernmost site in the sampling sites showed the highest inhibition of AChE activity.