{"title":"Energy–irrigation conundrum in India's green revolution states","authors":"Deepratan Singh Khara, Ranjit Singh Ghuman","doi":"10.1002/ird.2877","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Energy consumption patterns have evolved as a crucial component of the groundwater irrigation economy in India's green revolution states of Punjab and Haryana. A major contributor to the exponential growth of groundwater irrigation and its overexploitation is the availability of free (in Punjab) and almost free (in Haryana) electricity for tube wells. Using empirical analysis, this study assesses the link between energy consumption and irrigation practices among farmers with different landholdings at both interstate and intrastate levels. Without power subsidies, the average cost of operating an electric tube well irrigation system for rice is estimated at US$361 (₹25,400) per hectare in Punjab and US$675 (₹47,500) in Haryana. For wheat, the calculated cost comes to US$70 (₹4900) per hectare in Punjab and US$172 (₹12,100) in Haryana. In both crops, variations in energy consumption were observed at all levels across different regions and farmer groups in both states.</p>","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"73 1","pages":"270-283"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6000,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Irrigation and Drainage","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ird.2877","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"AGRONOMY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Energy consumption patterns have evolved as a crucial component of the groundwater irrigation economy in India's green revolution states of Punjab and Haryana. A major contributor to the exponential growth of groundwater irrigation and its overexploitation is the availability of free (in Punjab) and almost free (in Haryana) electricity for tube wells. Using empirical analysis, this study assesses the link between energy consumption and irrigation practices among farmers with different landholdings at both interstate and intrastate levels. Without power subsidies, the average cost of operating an electric tube well irrigation system for rice is estimated at US$361 (₹25,400) per hectare in Punjab and US$675 (₹47,500) in Haryana. For wheat, the calculated cost comes to US$70 (₹4900) per hectare in Punjab and US$172 (₹12,100) in Haryana. In both crops, variations in energy consumption were observed at all levels across different regions and farmer groups in both states.
期刊介绍：
Human intervention in the control of water for sustainable agricultural development involves the application of technology and management approaches to: (i) provide the appropriate quantities of water when it is needed by the crops, (ii) prevent salinisation and water-logging of the root zone, (iii) protect land from flooding, and (iv) maximise the beneficial use of water by appropriate allocation, conservation and reuse. All this has to be achieved within a framework of economic, social and environmental constraints. The Journal, therefore, covers a wide range of subjects, advancement in which, through high quality papers in the Journal, will make a significant contribution to the enormous task of satisfying the needs of the world’s ever-increasing population. The Journal also publishes book reviews.
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