Evolution of wheat architecture, physiology, and metabolism during domestication and further cultivation: Lessons for crop improvement

IF 6 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Crop Journal Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI:10.1016/j.cj.2023.06.006
Artūrs Katamadze , Omar Vergara-Díaz , Estefanía Uberegui , Ander Yoldi-Achalandabaso , José Luis Araus , Rubén Vicente
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

In recent decades, genetic advances in yield improvement in the major cereal crops, including wheat, has stagnated or proceeded at a slower rate than is required to meet future global food demand, particularly in the face of climate change. To reverse this situation, and in view of the future climate scenario, there is a need to increase the genetic diversity of wheat to increase its productivity, quality, stability, and adaptation to local agro-environments. The abundant genetic resources and literature are a basis for wheat improvement. However, many species, such as wild relatives, landraces, and old cultivars have not been studied beyond their agronomic characteristics, highlighting the lack of understanding of the physiological and metabolic processes (and their integration) associated with higher productivity and resilience in limiting environments. Retrospective studies using wheat ancestors and modern cultivars may identify novel traits that have not previously been considered, or have been underestimated, during domestication and breeding, but that may contribute to future food security. This review describes existing wheat genetic diversity and changes that occurred during domestication and breeding, and considers whether mining natural variation among wheat ancestors offers an opportunity to enhance wheat agronomic performance, spike architecture, canopy- and organ-level photosynthetic capacity, and responses to abiotic stress, as well as to develop new wheat hybrids.

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驯化和进一步栽培过程中小麦结构、生理和代谢的演变:作物改良的经验教训
近几十年来,包括小麦在内的主要谷物作物在提高产量方面的基因进步停滞不前,或进展速度慢于满足未来全球粮食需求所需的速度,特别是在气候变化的情况下。为了扭转这种局面,并考虑到未来的气候情景,有必要增加小麦的遗传多样性,以提高其生产力、质量、稳定性和对当地农业环境的适应能力。丰富的遗传资源和文献资料是小麦改良的基础。然而,许多物种,如野生亲缘物种、地方品种和老品种,除了其农艺特征外,还没有进行研究,这突出表明人们对与在有限环境中提高生产力和恢复力相关的生理和代谢过程(及其整合)缺乏了解。利用小麦祖先和现代品种进行的回顾性研究可能会发现在驯化和育种过程中以前没有被考虑或低估的新性状,但这可能有助于未来的粮食安全。这篇综述描述了现有的小麦遗传多样性以及在驯化和育种过程中发生的变化,并考虑了挖掘小麦祖先之间的自然变异是否为提高小麦的农艺性能、穗部结构、冠层和器官水平的光合能力、对非生物胁迫的反应以及开发新的小麦杂交种提供了机会。
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来源期刊
Crop Journal
Crop Journal Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Agronomy and Crop Science
CiteScore
9.90
自引率
3.00%
发文量
638
审稿时长
41 days
期刊介绍: The major aims of The Crop Journal are to report recent progresses in crop sciences including crop genetics, breeding, agronomy, crop physiology, germplasm resources, grain chemistry, grain storage and processing, crop management practices, crop biotechnology, and biomathematics. The regular columns of the journal are Original Research Articles, Reviews, and Research Notes. The strict peer-review procedure will guarantee the academic level and raise the reputation of the journal. The readership of the journal is for crop science researchers, students of agricultural colleges and universities, and persons with similar academic levels.
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