A comprehensive cognitive analysis of cervical dystonia: A single centre study

Abstract

Introduction

Cervical dystonia (CD) presents as a motor disorder but has a number of non-motor features. Studies have demonstrated diverse changes in cognition in patients with CD. The rarity of this disorder, phenotypic heterogeneity, and, in particular, a lack of consistency in cognitive testing measures limits clear definition of cognitive changes in this disorder. The relationship between cognition, motor symptoms and quality of life has not been well defined. We undertook a comprehensive analysis of cognition in CD.

Methods

Patients with adult onset idiopathic isolated CD (AOICD) who had completed a battery of cognitive assessments- general intellectual functioning, verbal and visual memory, executive functions and social cognition measures, were included. Participants were assessed for mood symptoms, motor severity and quality of life.

Results

13 patients (8 women) with AOICD were included covering 40 cognitive subtests. Mean age was 59.9 years and mean TWSTRS-2 severity was 11. Mean estimated premorbid function was in the normal range. Overall performance on most measures were within normal limits. The lowest mean z-score was observed in Florida Affect Battery (social cognition) subtests, z = −1.75 and −0.81. and in verbal recall, z = −0.82. The majority of patients (75%) scored below population mean on spatial working memory and (62%) performed below population mean on word retrieval and working memory.

Conclusion

We provide detailed cognitive results across a wide range of measures. Although patients tended towards average outcomes on the majority of tests, poorer performance than expected averages were noted in measures of social cognition, word retrieval, spatial working memory and, processing speed.