A review on ammonia-hydrogen fueled internal combustion engines

IF 15 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Etransportation Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI:10.1016/j.etran.2023.100288
Yunliang Qi , Wei Liu , Shang Liu , Wei Wang , Yue Peng , Zhi Wang
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

In the face of the electrification trend in transportation, the internal combustion engine (ICE) is expected to continue playing a vital role in generating electricity for power systems or directly propelling vehicles in certain sectors. However, ICEs are also under significant pressure to achieve carbon neutrality, with the key lying in carbon-free fuels. Ammonia, compared to hydrogen, offers advantages in terms of hydrogen-carrying capacity, storage and transportation convenience, and safety, making it a promising carbon-free fuel for large-scale use in ICEs. Nonetheless, ammonia's combustion inertness poses challenges for its application, requiring efforts to enhance its combustion. Hydrogen, as a carbon-free and highly reactive fuel, serves as a powerful combustion promoter, maximizing the carbon-free effect of ammonia. Furthermore, on-board ammonia decomposition can produce hydrogen, ensuring a stable hydrogen supply and enabling ammonia-hydrogen synergy combustion while carrying only ammonia. This ammonia-hydrogen synergy combustion, based on on-board hydrogen production, presents a highly promising development direction for ammonia engines. When combined with hybridization, it further enhances the overall energy efficiency of ammonia. The objective of this paper is to review recent advancements in ammonia-hydrogen engines, covering topics such as ignition methods and combustion strategies, fuel supply, pollutants, and after-treatment. Based on this review, a conceptual ammonia-hydrogen engine for hybrid power systems is proposed. This engine ignites the ammonia-hydrogen mixture in the main chamber using hydrogen active jet ignition, achieving spark-assisted compression ignition. Technical measures for efficient engine combustion, synergistic utilization of exhaust heat for hydrogen production, and effective after-treatment of NOx, unburned NH3, and N2O are discussed. At last, some perspectives on the development of ammonia-hydrogen engines are also presented.

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氨氢燃料内燃机研究进展
面对交通运输的电气化趋势,内燃机(ICE)预计将继续在为电力系统发电或直接推动某些行业的车辆方面发挥重要作用。然而,ICEs在实现碳中和方面也面临巨大压力,关键在于无碳燃料。与氢相比,氨在载氢能力、储存和运输便利性以及安全性方面具有优势,是一种很有前途的无碳燃料,可在内燃机中大规模使用。尽管如此,氨的燃烧惰性对其应用提出了挑战,需要努力提高其燃烧性能。氢作为一种无碳、高活性的燃料,是一种强大的燃烧促进剂,最大限度地发挥氨的无碳效果。此外,车载氨分解可以产生氢气,确保稳定的氢气供应,并在仅携带氨的情况下实现氨氢协同燃烧。这种基于车载制氢的氨氢协同燃烧为氨发动机提供了一个非常有前景的发展方向。当与杂交结合时,它进一步提高了氨的整体能源效率。本文的目的是回顾氨氢发动机的最新进展,涵盖点火方法和燃烧策略、燃料供应、污染物和后处理等主题。在此基础上,提出了一种用于混合动力系统的概念性氨氢发动机。该发动机使用氢气主动喷射点火点燃主室内的氨氢混合物,实现火花辅助压缩点火。讨论了发动机高效燃烧、余热协同利用制氢以及NOx、未燃NH3和N2O有效后处理的技术措施。最后,对氨氢发动机的发展前景进行了展望。
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来源期刊
Etransportation
Etransportation Engineering-Automotive Engineering
CiteScore
19.80
自引率
12.60%
发文量
57
审稿时长
39 days
期刊介绍: eTransportation is a scholarly journal that aims to advance knowledge in the field of electric transportation. It focuses on all modes of transportation that utilize electricity as their primary source of energy, including electric vehicles, trains, ships, and aircraft. The journal covers all stages of research, development, and testing of new technologies, systems, and devices related to electrical transportation. The journal welcomes the use of simulation and analysis tools at the system, transport, or device level. Its primary emphasis is on the study of the electrical and electronic aspects of transportation systems. However, it also considers research on mechanical parts or subsystems of vehicles if there is a clear interaction with electrical or electronic equipment. Please note that this journal excludes other aspects such as sociological, political, regulatory, or environmental factors from its scope.
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