Herbicidal efficiency of bromoxynil used independently and in mixtures under conditions of integrated maize cultivation

Abstract

The study was carried out in 2016–2018 on maize field located in Lower Silesia region. Bromoxynil was applied independently and in factory mixture with terbutylazine and each of options was used in a tank mixture with nicosulfuron (Nikosulfuron 040 SC). Bromoxynil and the examined mixtures were applied in a basic dose and a dose reduced by 33% but with an oil adjuvant. Bromoxynil applied in the mixture with terbutylazine and nicosulfuron in basic dose and lowered by 33% (+ adjuvant) controlled weeds to the higher degree than used individually and in the mixture with nicosulfuron only. The highest level of bromoxynil residues in soil samples taken during 8 weeks after application was noted for the object where the bromoxynil was applied with nicosulfuron in the basic dose. In subsequent weeks, level of bromoxynil residues was similar to what was determined for its mixture with nicosulfuron applied in the reduced dose. Bromoxynil decomposed the fastest in soil treated with the mixture (bromoxynil + terbutylazine) + nicosulfuron in dose lowered by 33%.