The Grammaticalization of Latin nē + Subjunctive Constructions

Abstract

Abstract This paper looks at a network of constructions featuring the Latin particle nē and the subjunctive mood. These constructions will be shown to belong to the same semantic domain of prevention/avoidance, which reflects their syntactic structure. I will discuss the development of these dependent clauses from independent, volitive source constructions, highlighting the role of three elements within the construction: irrealis mood marked by the use of the subjunctive, deontic modality, and speaker stance, indicated by the modal particle nē. Their evolution from concrete, ‘real world’ uses to more abstract functions conforms to known grammaticalization pathways from propositional to textual to expressive uses, which parallels the taking on of subjective and intersubjective functions. This analysis focuses on the interaction of mood, modality, and subjective stance, rooted in the syntax of the subordinator nē and the subjunctive and reflective of the semantic domain of prevention/avoidance, as it is extended to new functions.