Strategies for optimizing the enrichment direct sowing: inoculation with Trichoderma spp. and use of a hydrogel

Abstract

Background: Direct sowing technique is considered a promising tool for reducing costs and increasing species diversity in restoration projects. However, several factors can limit its success, making it necessary for methodological adjustments to be made in order to maximize the emergence, establishment and initial growth of plants. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the use of fungus Trichoderma asperelloides and hydrogel in the enrichment direct sowing as a strategy to enrich the area in the initial restoration process. The forest species studied were Balfourodendron riedelianum , Cedrela fissilis , Luehea divaricata , Enterolobium contortisiliquum and Parapiptadenia rigida . The experiment was conducted in a factorial design testing absence or presence of the T. asperelloides and absence or presence of hydrogel. Two experiments were established: in the nursery, we evaluations of the emergence of the seedlings were carried out; in the field, we evaluated emergence, survival, height and stem diameter. Results: Under nursery conditions, inoculation and the use of hydrogel did not influence the emergence of species tested. Direct sowing proved to be a promising technique for the enrichment of young restoration plantations in subtropical regions with E. contortisiliquum , P. rigida and C. fissilis. B. riedelianum and L. divaricata seeds did not germinate in the field. Conclusion: The use of T. asperelloides is an efficient strategy to enhance the results of direct sowing, capable of providing higher rates of emergence for E. contortisiliqumm and P. rigida and maximizing the growth in height of E. contortisiliqumm . Under high pluviometric intensity, the use of the hydrogel does not influence the emergence and morphological attributes of the species studied.