Pub Date : 2023-07-21DOI: 10.1590/01047760202329013170
M. Artur, J. Faria, A. José, J. Lira, K. R. D. Souza, F. Nery, A. A. Alvarenga
Background: The aim of this research was to investigate the efficiency of methods to overcome primary dormancy and biochemical processes associated with germination of Erythrina falcata Benth seeds. Seeds were submitted to dormancy overcoming treatments and the water uptake pattern was analysed. We then evaluated the activity of the antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, and APX, and quantified lipid peroxidation levels, hydrogen peroxide content and total protein content. The experiments were performed in a completely randomized design and the statistical analysis used was Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. Results: Mechanical scarification with sandpaper leads to approximately 94% of germination in E. falcata , while control non-scarified seeds show only approximately 37% of germination. Treatments with hot water led to high mortality in E. falcata seeds. Rapid water absorption was observed in the first 18 hours of imbition when the seeds were scarified with sandpaper, and radicle emergence was observed after 36 hours. During imbibition there was an increase of antioxidant enzyme activity and a decrease in lipid peroxidation and H 2 O 2 production, suggesting an efficient mechanism for regulating imbibition damage. A decrease in the total protein content was observed during germination of E. falcata seeds. Conclusions: Mechanical scarification is an efficient method for breaking dormancy of E. falcata seeds. During germination of E. falcata seeds there is a reduction in the production of H 2 O 2 and lipid peroxidation, and an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The total protein content decreased along the germination time.
{"title":"Dormancy breaking and biochemical processes associated with germination of Erythrina falcata Benth. seeds","authors":"M. Artur, J. Faria, A. José, J. Lira, K. R. D. Souza, F. Nery, A. A. Alvarenga","doi":"10.1590/01047760202329013170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/01047760202329013170","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aim of this research was to investigate the efficiency of methods to overcome primary dormancy and biochemical processes associated with germination of Erythrina falcata Benth seeds. Seeds were submitted to dormancy overcoming treatments and the water uptake pattern was analysed. We then evaluated the activity of the antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, and APX, and quantified lipid peroxidation levels, hydrogen peroxide content and total protein content. The experiments were performed in a completely randomized design and the statistical analysis used was Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. Results: Mechanical scarification with sandpaper leads to approximately 94% of germination in E. falcata , while control non-scarified seeds show only approximately 37% of germination. Treatments with hot water led to high mortality in E. falcata seeds. Rapid water absorption was observed in the first 18 hours of imbition when the seeds were scarified with sandpaper, and radicle emergence was observed after 36 hours. During imbibition there was an increase of antioxidant enzyme activity and a decrease in lipid peroxidation and H 2 O 2 production, suggesting an efficient mechanism for regulating imbibition damage. A decrease in the total protein content was observed during germination of E. falcata seeds. Conclusions: Mechanical scarification is an efficient method for breaking dormancy of E. falcata seeds. During germination of E. falcata seeds there is a reduction in the production of H 2 O 2 and lipid peroxidation, and an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The total protein content decreased along the germination time.","PeriodicalId":50705,"journal":{"name":"Cerne","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67157585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-21DOI: 10.1590/01047760202329013212
A. Griebeler, M. M. Araújo, G. Steffen, F. Turchetto, D. G. Rorato, F. M. Barbosa, Á. Berghetti, Ezequiel Gasparin, S. C. Aimi, Claudia Costella
Background: Direct sowing technique is considered a promising tool for reducing costs and increasing species diversity in restoration projects. However, several factors can limit its success, making it necessary for methodological adjustments to be made in order to maximize the emergence, establishment and initial growth of plants. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the use of fungus Trichoderma asperelloides and hydrogel in the enrichment direct sowing as a strategy to enrich the area in the initial restoration process. The forest species studied were Balfourodendron riedelianum , Cedrela fissilis , Luehea divaricata , Enterolobium contortisiliquum and Parapiptadenia rigida . The experiment was conducted in a factorial design testing absence or presence of the T. asperelloides and absence or presence of hydrogel. Two experiments were established: in the nursery, we evaluations of the emergence of the seedlings were carried out; in the field, we evaluated emergence, survival, height and stem diameter. Results: Under nursery conditions, inoculation and the use of hydrogel did not influence the emergence of species tested. Direct sowing proved to be a promising technique for the enrichment of young restoration plantations in subtropical regions with E. contortisiliquum , P. rigida and C. fissilis. B. riedelianum and L. divaricata seeds did not germinate in the field. Conclusion: The use of T. asperelloides is an efficient strategy to enhance the results of direct sowing, capable of providing higher rates of emergence for E. contortisiliqumm and P. rigida and maximizing the growth in height of E. contortisiliqumm . Under high pluviometric intensity, the use of the hydrogel does not influence the emergence and morphological attributes of the species studied.
{"title":"Strategies for optimizing the enrichment direct sowing: inoculation with Trichoderma spp. and use of a hydrogel","authors":"A. Griebeler, M. M. Araújo, G. Steffen, F. Turchetto, D. G. Rorato, F. M. Barbosa, Á. Berghetti, Ezequiel Gasparin, S. C. Aimi, Claudia Costella","doi":"10.1590/01047760202329013212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/01047760202329013212","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Direct sowing technique is considered a promising tool for reducing costs and increasing species diversity in restoration projects. However, several factors can limit its success, making it necessary for methodological adjustments to be made in order to maximize the emergence, establishment and initial growth of plants. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the use of fungus Trichoderma asperelloides and hydrogel in the enrichment direct sowing as a strategy to enrich the area in the initial restoration process. The forest species studied were Balfourodendron riedelianum , Cedrela fissilis , Luehea divaricata , Enterolobium contortisiliquum and Parapiptadenia rigida . The experiment was conducted in a factorial design testing absence or presence of the T. asperelloides and absence or presence of hydrogel. Two experiments were established: in the nursery, we evaluations of the emergence of the seedlings were carried out; in the field, we evaluated emergence, survival, height and stem diameter. Results: Under nursery conditions, inoculation and the use of hydrogel did not influence the emergence of species tested. Direct sowing proved to be a promising technique for the enrichment of young restoration plantations in subtropical regions with E. contortisiliquum , P. rigida and C. fissilis. B. riedelianum and L. divaricata seeds did not germinate in the field. Conclusion: The use of T. asperelloides is an efficient strategy to enhance the results of direct sowing, capable of providing higher rates of emergence for E. contortisiliqumm and P. rigida and maximizing the growth in height of E. contortisiliqumm . Under high pluviometric intensity, the use of the hydrogel does not influence the emergence and morphological attributes of the species studied.","PeriodicalId":50705,"journal":{"name":"Cerne","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67157724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-17DOI: 10.1590/01047760202329013213
Jesugnon Fifamè Murielle Féty Tonouéwa, Samadori Sorotori Honoré Biaou, K. Boadu, E. Assèdé, D. Amoah, E. Ebanyenle
Background: In the face of increasing wood demand in climate change context, fast-growing species are considered as a current solution. However, the ability of fast-growing species in agroforestry systems to contribute to bridging the gap between wood demand and supply and climate change mitigation also depends on the properties of the species, which vary based on locality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunningham ex Benth. wood in Benin to contribute to climate change mitigation while sustainably supplying wood. Tissues proportion (Vessels, ray parenchyma, axial parenchyma, fibers), in the wood; fiber parameters (length, diameter and lumen width); organic carbon content and natural durability of A. auriculiformis wood to termite ( Macrotermes bellicosus) were determined. Results: The results indicate that the species has a high proportion of fibers (58%), which are quite long (1 mm to 4 mm), an organic carbon content of 35%, and is moderately durable to very durable against termite infestations. Conclusion: The species, thus, has strong potential for wood (high fiber content, high fiber length, greater durability), renewable bioenergy (good fiber length) and pulp (high fiber content) and could be valued to supplement the wood supply from natural forest and contribute to mitigating the effect of climate change (carbon sequestration and limitation of pressure on natural forests)
{"title":"Use of Acacia auriculiformis fast-growing tree species for the mitigation of climate change","authors":"Jesugnon Fifamè Murielle Féty Tonouéwa, Samadori Sorotori Honoré Biaou, K. Boadu, E. Assèdé, D. Amoah, E. Ebanyenle","doi":"10.1590/01047760202329013213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/01047760202329013213","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In the face of increasing wood demand in climate change context, fast-growing species are considered as a current solution. However, the ability of fast-growing species in agroforestry systems to contribute to bridging the gap between wood demand and supply and climate change mitigation also depends on the properties of the species, which vary based on locality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunningham ex Benth. wood in Benin to contribute to climate change mitigation while sustainably supplying wood. Tissues proportion (Vessels, ray parenchyma, axial parenchyma, fibers), in the wood; fiber parameters (length, diameter and lumen width); organic carbon content and natural durability of A. auriculiformis wood to termite ( Macrotermes bellicosus) were determined. Results: The results indicate that the species has a high proportion of fibers (58%), which are quite long (1 mm to 4 mm), an organic carbon content of 35%, and is moderately durable to very durable against termite infestations. Conclusion: The species, thus, has strong potential for wood (high fiber content, high fiber length, greater durability), renewable bioenergy (good fiber length) and pulp (high fiber content) and could be valued to supplement the wood supply from natural forest and contribute to mitigating the effect of climate change (carbon sequestration and limitation of pressure on natural forests)","PeriodicalId":50705,"journal":{"name":"Cerne","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67157435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-17DOI: 10.1590/01047760202329013230
C. O. Genc, Ömer Küçük, Seray Özden Keleş, S. Ünal
Background: Forest fires are one of the most important natural disasters all over the world in terms of the damage they cause to the ecosystem. Turkey is also exposed to wildfires damaging large areas of forests every year. Wildfires endanger the sustainability of forest resources and cause significant biological and ecological damage to the forests. It is crucial to estimate fire behaviour characteristics to take effective interventions in the fire events. Obtaining data based on terrestrial measurements is very expensive and very time-consuming to predict fire behaviour characteristics. The use of remote sensing technologies is therefore very useful since the satellite images will be faster, more sensitive, and economical to determine the burning severity and burning areas. Results: In this study, the forest fire that occurred in the Kastamonu-Taşköprü district was analyzed with remote sensing techniques. The fire occurred in 2020 (06.09.2020). The fire satellite image was thus taken from the pre-fire period (26.08.2020) and post-fire period (13.10.2020). First of all, pre-fire and post-fire Sentinel-2 images of fire areas were used to determine the burned area using NBR (Normalized Burn Ratio) and dNBR (Differenced Normalized Burn Ratio) indices. Also, burned area rate and burn severity were evaluated depending on the altitude, aspect, and slope factors. Conclusion: The total burned area was 1504.9 ha. The maps showed that the burned areas were covered by moderate-and high-severity classes. The forest fire was more severe in the altitude range from 1170 to 1370m, at 20-33% slope and northerly aspects in the burned area. The existence of extreme meteorological factors and the horizontal and vertical continuity of the forest fuels have been the main factors in the effect of the fire on large areas. Estimation of forest fire risk, taking into account extreme meteorological conditions and fuel properties, will have an important place in forest ecology and management.
{"title":"Burn severity evaluation in black pine forests with topographical factors using Sentinel-2 in Kastamonu, Turkiye","authors":"C. O. Genc, Ömer Küçük, Seray Özden Keleş, S. Ünal","doi":"10.1590/01047760202329013230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/01047760202329013230","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Forest fires are one of the most important natural disasters all over the world in terms of the damage they cause to the ecosystem. Turkey is also exposed to wildfires damaging large areas of forests every year. Wildfires endanger the sustainability of forest resources and cause significant biological and ecological damage to the forests. It is crucial to estimate fire behaviour characteristics to take effective interventions in the fire events. Obtaining data based on terrestrial measurements is very expensive and very time-consuming to predict fire behaviour characteristics. The use of remote sensing technologies is therefore very useful since the satellite images will be faster, more sensitive, and economical to determine the burning severity and burning areas. Results: In this study, the forest fire that occurred in the Kastamonu-Taşköprü district was analyzed with remote sensing techniques. The fire occurred in 2020 (06.09.2020). The fire satellite image was thus taken from the pre-fire period (26.08.2020) and post-fire period (13.10.2020). First of all, pre-fire and post-fire Sentinel-2 images of fire areas were used to determine the burned area using NBR (Normalized Burn Ratio) and dNBR (Differenced Normalized Burn Ratio) indices. Also, burned area rate and burn severity were evaluated depending on the altitude, aspect, and slope factors. Conclusion: The total burned area was 1504.9 ha. The maps showed that the burned areas were covered by moderate-and high-severity classes. The forest fire was more severe in the altitude range from 1170 to 1370m, at 20-33% slope and northerly aspects in the burned area. The existence of extreme meteorological factors and the horizontal and vertical continuity of the forest fuels have been the main factors in the effect of the fire on large areas. Estimation of forest fire risk, taking into account extreme meteorological conditions and fuel properties, will have an important place in forest ecology and management.","PeriodicalId":50705,"journal":{"name":"Cerne","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67157622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-17DOI: 10.1590/01047760202329013199
Ali Kabaoğlu, Ş. Kulaç, I. Baysal, A. K. Özbayram, S. Akbulut, Nuray Öztürk
Background: Forest fires are considered integral parts of many forest ecosystems despite being a disaster influencing the forest ecosystem dynamics significantly. A fire that occurred within the borders of Düzce-Konuralp State Forest Enterprise affected 16 ha of oak forest. The present study aimed to investigate the physiological and biochemical changes in two oak species ( Quercus pubescens and Q. cerris ) at post-fire period. For this purpose, seasonal shoot and leaf samples were collected from 15 trees (5 trees from high and low fire intensity and control groups) for each oak species. The samples were subjected to xylem, water potential, and stomatal conductivity analysis in the field and carbohydrate concentration and proline analyses in the laboratory. Results: It was found that leaf surface area decreased, and the root-leaf water connection was broken depending on the intensity of the fire. As the fire severity increased, water potential and stomatal conductivity of trees increased; proline and carbohydrate concentration amounts decreased. Q. pubescens had lower water potential and stomatal conductivity than Q. cerris but higher proline and carbohydrate concentration amounts. Conclusion: Q. pubescens was more resistant to drought stress during the post-fire season than Q. cerris from the aspect of physiological and biochemical characteristics.
{"title":"Some physiological and biochemical changes In oak trees after fire","authors":"Ali Kabaoğlu, Ş. Kulaç, I. Baysal, A. K. Özbayram, S. Akbulut, Nuray Öztürk","doi":"10.1590/01047760202329013199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/01047760202329013199","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Forest fires are considered integral parts of many forest ecosystems despite being a disaster influencing the forest ecosystem dynamics significantly. A fire that occurred within the borders of Düzce-Konuralp State Forest Enterprise affected 16 ha of oak forest. The present study aimed to investigate the physiological and biochemical changes in two oak species ( Quercus pubescens and Q. cerris ) at post-fire period. For this purpose, seasonal shoot and leaf samples were collected from 15 trees (5 trees from high and low fire intensity and control groups) for each oak species. The samples were subjected to xylem, water potential, and stomatal conductivity analysis in the field and carbohydrate concentration and proline analyses in the laboratory. Results: It was found that leaf surface area decreased, and the root-leaf water connection was broken depending on the intensity of the fire. As the fire severity increased, water potential and stomatal conductivity of trees increased; proline and carbohydrate concentration amounts decreased. Q. pubescens had lower water potential and stomatal conductivity than Q. cerris but higher proline and carbohydrate concentration amounts. Conclusion: Q. pubescens was more resistant to drought stress during the post-fire season than Q. cerris from the aspect of physiological and biochemical characteristics.","PeriodicalId":50705,"journal":{"name":"Cerne","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67157635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-17DOI: 10.1590/01047760202329013242
Monique Sabioni Lopes, C. A. Ribeiro, G. Marcatti, Ana Paula Mendes Teixeira, Getúlio Fonseca Domingues, Vinícius Duarte Nader Mardeni, A. R. D. Santos, H. Leite
Background: The aim of this research is to optimize the routing of Brazil nut harvesting in order to reduce labor costs and promote an equitable redistribution of placements among extractive interests. The study area was located in the Tahuamanu province, designated a Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO, in the Madre de Dios region of Peru. Planning for harvesting activities is vital to support sustainable use of the tropical forest by extractive communities, generating profit while minimizing adverse impacts on the forest. A location-allocation model was used to redistribute extraction placement areas, taking into account the number of trees and productivity for analysis. To optimize the order of nut load pickups at the placement areas, the vehicle routing problem (VRP) was used to minimize real distance and reduce traversal time. Results: The time taken to cover the route without delays was 08:46’, which is superior to the time taken to minimize the distance. However, the total delay time was 05:10’. Conclusion: Network analyses were effective in achieving the reallocation of placement areas and optimizing Brazil nut harvest routes.
{"title":"3-D network routing of Brazil nut harvesting in tropical forests","authors":"Monique Sabioni Lopes, C. A. Ribeiro, G. Marcatti, Ana Paula Mendes Teixeira, Getúlio Fonseca Domingues, Vinícius Duarte Nader Mardeni, A. R. D. Santos, H. Leite","doi":"10.1590/01047760202329013242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/01047760202329013242","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aim of this research is to optimize the routing of Brazil nut harvesting in order to reduce labor costs and promote an equitable redistribution of placements among extractive interests. The study area was located in the Tahuamanu province, designated a Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO, in the Madre de Dios region of Peru. Planning for harvesting activities is vital to support sustainable use of the tropical forest by extractive communities, generating profit while minimizing adverse impacts on the forest. A location-allocation model was used to redistribute extraction placement areas, taking into account the number of trees and productivity for analysis. To optimize the order of nut load pickups at the placement areas, the vehicle routing problem (VRP) was used to minimize real distance and reduce traversal time. Results: The time taken to cover the route without delays was 08:46’, which is superior to the time taken to minimize the distance. However, the total delay time was 05:10’. Conclusion: Network analyses were effective in achieving the reallocation of placement areas and optimizing Brazil nut harvest routes.","PeriodicalId":50705,"journal":{"name":"Cerne","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67157744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-17DOI: 10.1590/01047760202329013134
C. A. Ferreira, J. G. I. Guillen, Raul Huacho Buendia, Osir Daygor Vidal Alanya, Danessa Clarita Reyes Aliaga, Walter Goytendia Centeno, Benji Steve Ascue Miranda, Sthefany Madjory Moya Mateo, Thonny Centeno Utos, Andrés Veléz Echeverry, Mario Tomazello Filho
Background: The biodiversity of the Peruvian Amazon tropical forests is one of the most expressive in the world, with 2500 forest species, although restricted to about 250 tree species used commercially. This species diversity indicates the challenge magnitude for research in taxonomy and timber species identification. Likewise, it implies the complexity of biodiversity conservation and restoration measures, which are directly related to the control of deforestation, cutting and transport of illegal wood. With this objective, the present study describes the macroscopic wood anatomical features in order to identify 20 tree species from Peruvian Amazon Forest, “ Selva Central ”, including an identification key and tree species botanical validation. Results: The wood species are included in 12 families commonly found in the tropical forests of Peru, highlighting the Fabaceae (25%), Moraceae (15%), Podocarpaceae and Lauraceae (10%) families and are sold as timber for several uses and applications in the internal market and for export. The wood species presented common anatomical features, such as diffuse porosity, visible axial parenchyma mainly distinct, and, eventually, with ray storied, e. g : A. cearensis , M. balsamum and M. peruiferum . Conclusion: The tropical tree species identification is possible by analyzing their wood macroscopic anatomical structure. The results can be also applied in the wood trade traceability by controlling deforestation and illegal wood commerce and in proposing policies for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. They constitute, likewise, a database for the recent wood identification methodologies presented in the specialized literature.
{"title":"Identification of 20 species from the Peruvian Amazon tropical forest by the wood macroscopic features","authors":"C. A. Ferreira, J. G. I. Guillen, Raul Huacho Buendia, Osir Daygor Vidal Alanya, Danessa Clarita Reyes Aliaga, Walter Goytendia Centeno, Benji Steve Ascue Miranda, Sthefany Madjory Moya Mateo, Thonny Centeno Utos, Andrés Veléz Echeverry, Mario Tomazello Filho","doi":"10.1590/01047760202329013134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/01047760202329013134","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The biodiversity of the Peruvian Amazon tropical forests is one of the most expressive in the world, with 2500 forest species, although restricted to about 250 tree species used commercially. This species diversity indicates the challenge magnitude for research in taxonomy and timber species identification. Likewise, it implies the complexity of biodiversity conservation and restoration measures, which are directly related to the control of deforestation, cutting and transport of illegal wood. With this objective, the present study describes the macroscopic wood anatomical features in order to identify 20 tree species from Peruvian Amazon Forest, “ Selva Central ”, including an identification key and tree species botanical validation. Results: The wood species are included in 12 families commonly found in the tropical forests of Peru, highlighting the Fabaceae (25%), Moraceae (15%), Podocarpaceae and Lauraceae (10%) families and are sold as timber for several uses and applications in the internal market and for export. The wood species presented common anatomical features, such as diffuse porosity, visible axial parenchyma mainly distinct, and, eventually, with ray storied, e. g : A. cearensis , M. balsamum and M. peruiferum . Conclusion: The tropical tree species identification is possible by analyzing their wood macroscopic anatomical structure. The results can be also applied in the wood trade traceability by controlling deforestation and illegal wood commerce and in proposing policies for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. They constitute, likewise, a database for the recent wood identification methodologies presented in the specialized literature.","PeriodicalId":50705,"journal":{"name":"Cerne","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67156819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.1590/01047760202329013219
O. Cruz, Matheus Cordazzo Dias, D. N. P. S. Oliveira, M. G. Silva, T. M. Souza, L. Mendes, Lays Camila Matos, L. Bufalino
Background: Patauá ( Oenocarpus bataua Mart.) is a palm tree belonging to the botanical family Arecaceae that occurs throughout the Amazon. Like açaí, an edible pulp is extracted from its fruits, remaining a fiber-rich waste. Revealing the potential of such raw or thermochemically modified fibers for producing bioproducts is a novelty in the literature. Therefore, this work aimed to characterize patauá fibers in natural and alkali-treated conditions to support future bioproduct applications. Alkaline treatments were performed under mechanical stirring combining two NaOH levels (5 and 10%) and two temperatures (80 and 100°C). Morphological characterization was performed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The contents of the structural and non-structural chemical components were determined, and chemical groups were evaluated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The physical characterization included moisture content, apparent density, and water absorption tests. Results: The macerate revealed short fibers with typical elongated morphology, mean cell wall thickness (4.10 µm) greater than the mean lumen width (3.01 µm), and mean length of 445 µm. The alkaline treatments partially individualized the fibers from bundles, cleaned extractives from the surface, and unblocked superficial pits by removing silica-rich structures. They substantially removed non-cellulosic components, but FTIR showed condensed lignin exposed on the fiber surface. Density and water uptake increased concerning natural fibers. Patauá’s short length and susceptibility to modification through thermochemical treatments that concentrated cellulose up to 50% indicated great potential for developing composites and nanofibers. Regardless of the NaOH content, 100°C was more efficient in concentrating cellulose. Conclusion: Patauá fibers have unique natural characteristics. They occur as flatted fiber bundles, have silicon-rich structures obstructing their superficial pits, and comprise more lignin than cellulose.
{"title":"Characterization of raw and thermochemically-treated mesocarp fibers of Oenocarpus bataua, an Amazon palm","authors":"O. Cruz, Matheus Cordazzo Dias, D. N. P. S. Oliveira, M. G. Silva, T. M. Souza, L. Mendes, Lays Camila Matos, L. Bufalino","doi":"10.1590/01047760202329013219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/01047760202329013219","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Patauá ( Oenocarpus bataua Mart.) is a palm tree belonging to the botanical family Arecaceae that occurs throughout the Amazon. Like açaí, an edible pulp is extracted from its fruits, remaining a fiber-rich waste. Revealing the potential of such raw or thermochemically modified fibers for producing bioproducts is a novelty in the literature. Therefore, this work aimed to characterize patauá fibers in natural and alkali-treated conditions to support future bioproduct applications. Alkaline treatments were performed under mechanical stirring combining two NaOH levels (5 and 10%) and two temperatures (80 and 100°C). Morphological characterization was performed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The contents of the structural and non-structural chemical components were determined, and chemical groups were evaluated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The physical characterization included moisture content, apparent density, and water absorption tests. Results: The macerate revealed short fibers with typical elongated morphology, mean cell wall thickness (4.10 µm) greater than the mean lumen width (3.01 µm), and mean length of 445 µm. The alkaline treatments partially individualized the fibers from bundles, cleaned extractives from the surface, and unblocked superficial pits by removing silica-rich structures. They substantially removed non-cellulosic components, but FTIR showed condensed lignin exposed on the fiber surface. Density and water uptake increased concerning natural fibers. Patauá’s short length and susceptibility to modification through thermochemical treatments that concentrated cellulose up to 50% indicated great potential for developing composites and nanofibers. Regardless of the NaOH content, 100°C was more efficient in concentrating cellulose. Conclusion: Patauá fibers have unique natural characteristics. They occur as flatted fiber bundles, have silicon-rich structures obstructing their superficial pits, and comprise more lignin than cellulose.","PeriodicalId":50705,"journal":{"name":"Cerne","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67157527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.1590/01047760202329013208
Carla Talita Pertille, M. B. Schimalski, V. Liesenberg, Vilmar Picinatto Filho, Mireli Moura Pitz, Fabiani das Dores Abati Miranda
Background: This study aimed to evaluate UAV images of Pinus taeda L. stands for classifying trees attacked by Sapajus nigritus in Southern Brazil. UAV images were acquired on March 2018, using a DJI Phantom Pro 4 over 18.73 hectares. We evaluated different band compositions and vegetation indices. Using photo interpretation based on the color of the crown and field measurements, the trees were manually labeled as not attacked, dead, and attacked. The classified trees were divided into training (75%) and validation (25%), considering three tree crown diameters (0.5, 1, and 1.5 m) and three region-oriented classification algorithms. The classification accuracy was assessed by overall accuracy and the kappa index. Results: A total of 3,773 trees were manually detected, of which 39% were attacked, 5% died and 56% were not attacked. The results also indicated that the best-chosen diameter was 0.5 meters, the best classifier algorithm was the SVM, and the highest accuracy was represented by the composition of the ExG index associated with the original spectral bands. Conclusion: We argue that the attacks can be monitored using UAV images and such results provide insights for forest management initiatives
{"title":"Appraisal of arp images and machine learning to detect Sapajus nigritus attacks on loblolly’s pine stands in Southern Brazil","authors":"Carla Talita Pertille, M. B. Schimalski, V. Liesenberg, Vilmar Picinatto Filho, Mireli Moura Pitz, Fabiani das Dores Abati Miranda","doi":"10.1590/01047760202329013208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/01047760202329013208","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study aimed to evaluate UAV images of Pinus taeda L. stands for classifying trees attacked by Sapajus nigritus in Southern Brazil. UAV images were acquired on March 2018, using a DJI Phantom Pro 4 over 18.73 hectares. We evaluated different band compositions and vegetation indices. Using photo interpretation based on the color of the crown and field measurements, the trees were manually labeled as not attacked, dead, and attacked. The classified trees were divided into training (75%) and validation (25%), considering three tree crown diameters (0.5, 1, and 1.5 m) and three region-oriented classification algorithms. The classification accuracy was assessed by overall accuracy and the kappa index. Results: A total of 3,773 trees were manually detected, of which 39% were attacked, 5% died and 56% were not attacked. The results also indicated that the best-chosen diameter was 0.5 meters, the best classifier algorithm was the SVM, and the highest accuracy was represented by the composition of the ExG index associated with the original spectral bands. Conclusion: We argue that the attacks can be monitored using UAV images and such results provide insights for forest management initiatives","PeriodicalId":50705,"journal":{"name":"Cerne","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67157702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.1590/01047760202329013165
V. R. Oliveira, A. Ribeiro, F. Pareyn, M. A. Drumond, D. D. Porto, L. H. P. Kiill, A. C. Ferraz Filho
ABSTRACT Background: Managed Caatinga forests in Northeast Brazil are an important source of wood products, however, successful regeneration and regrowth is important to guarantee sustainability in these forests. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the natural regeneration and forest regrowth ability of a Caatinga forest under varying clear-cut treatments, as well as to estimate the recovery time of stand parameters. Results: An experiment was set up in Petrolina, Pernambuco state, Brazil, comparing five clear-cut strip widths: 0, 40, 60, 80 and 100 meters. Forest inventory data was gathered before and eight years after harvesting in 19 plots of 10 x 40 m. Tree seedling regeneration (individuals with circumference at breast height < 6 cm and minimum height of 0.5 m) was also monitored in 5 x 5 m sub plots, before harvesting, one, three and eight years after harvesting. Conclusions: No influence of the clear-cut strip width on regeneration and forest regrowth ability was detected, with all treatments presenting similar growth and tree species diversity and similarity values. The estimated growth rates of the clear-cut plots were of 0.12 m2·ha-1·year-1 and 0.39 m3·ha-1·year-1 for basal area and volume, respectively, resulting in recovery times of 35 and 49 years, longer than the 15 years cycles generally adopted in Caatinga forest management plans. HIGHLIGHTS Appropriate management of Caatinga forests ensures fast recovery after interventions. Clear-cut strips between 0 and 100 m did not influence regeneration and forest regrowth. Species diversity was lower in clear-cut than in control plots after 8 years. Recovery time after clear-cut for basal area and volume was 35 and 49 years, respectively.
{"title":"The influence of clear-cut area size on forest regrowth: a case study in the dry tropical forests of Pernambuco, Brazil","authors":"V. R. Oliveira, A. Ribeiro, F. Pareyn, M. A. Drumond, D. D. Porto, L. H. P. Kiill, A. C. Ferraz Filho","doi":"10.1590/01047760202329013165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/01047760202329013165","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background: Managed Caatinga forests in Northeast Brazil are an important source of wood products, however, successful regeneration and regrowth is important to guarantee sustainability in these forests. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the natural regeneration and forest regrowth ability of a Caatinga forest under varying clear-cut treatments, as well as to estimate the recovery time of stand parameters. Results: An experiment was set up in Petrolina, Pernambuco state, Brazil, comparing five clear-cut strip widths: 0, 40, 60, 80 and 100 meters. Forest inventory data was gathered before and eight years after harvesting in 19 plots of 10 x 40 m. Tree seedling regeneration (individuals with circumference at breast height < 6 cm and minimum height of 0.5 m) was also monitored in 5 x 5 m sub plots, before harvesting, one, three and eight years after harvesting. Conclusions: No influence of the clear-cut strip width on regeneration and forest regrowth ability was detected, with all treatments presenting similar growth and tree species diversity and similarity values. The estimated growth rates of the clear-cut plots were of 0.12 m2·ha-1·year-1 and 0.39 m3·ha-1·year-1 for basal area and volume, respectively, resulting in recovery times of 35 and 49 years, longer than the 15 years cycles generally adopted in Caatinga forest management plans. HIGHLIGHTS Appropriate management of Caatinga forests ensures fast recovery after interventions. Clear-cut strips between 0 and 100 m did not influence regeneration and forest regrowth. Species diversity was lower in clear-cut than in control plots after 8 years. Recovery time after clear-cut for basal area and volume was 35 and 49 years, respectively.","PeriodicalId":50705,"journal":{"name":"Cerne","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67157570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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