Review on Synthetic Approaches toward the Synthesis of Clozapine, an Antipsychotic Drug

Abstract

A persistent and severe mental illness called Schizophrenia affects 20 million people globally. There is not a single component that causes Schizophrenia, according to research. Schizophrenia is hypothesized to result from genetic and environmental interactions, among other things. Antipsychotic medications, including Clozapine, Aripiprazole, Asenapine, Olanzapine, Quetiapine, Risperidone, and Cariprazine, are used to treat the majority of Schizophrenia cases. Clozapine is the first atypical antipsychotic and psychiatric medication (also called a second-generation antipsychotic, SGA). Clozapine was authorized in the US in December 2002 to lower the risk of suicide in individuals with Schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who were considered to be at chronic risk for suicidal behavior. It is mostly used to treat individuals with Schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders who have not responded well to other antipsychotic medications or are unable to tolerate other medications because of extrapyramidal side effects. A brief background of recent developments in the synthesis of the Clozapine drug molecule is provided in this review.