Current principles of nutritional management of late preterm infants

H. Sarkisyan, I. V. Zhuravleva, P. Shumilov, A. Volkova, O. V. Ryazanova, O. Khandamirova
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Abstract

Neonates born between 34 0/7 and 36 6/7 weeks of gestation are considered late preterm (LPT) and constitute the largest group of all preterm infants. The rate of morbidity and mortality, as well as the frequency of repeated hospitalizations among LPT infants are significantly higher compared to full-term infants, which is explained by immaturity due to the lack of a critical period of their intrauterine growth and development. Fairly common they face nutritional problems leading to adverse immediate and long-term outcomes. Until recently, the lack of clear feeding recommendations for LPT infants determined the use of individual approaches to optimize their nutrition. The annual increase in the number of LPT infants has prompted the accumulation of new scientific information concerning both the anatomical and physiological characteristics and principles of development of these children in general and specific problems, including those related to nutrition. Comprehensive support and appropriate breastfeeding are the cornerstone of adequate nutrition for LPT infants. Depending on factors such as gestational age, birth weight, and comorbidities, it is often necessary to increase nutritional support, including the use of breast milk fortifiers, nutrientenriched formulas, and parenteral nutrition prescription. The process of achieving normal nutritional status in LPT infants can be complicated by episodes of hypoglycemia and prolonged jaundice, delay in postnatal growth and development, which requires a special approach. This review highlights the most common problems of nutritional management of LPT infants and provides current recommendations for optimal feeding of this group of preterm infants. Key words: late preterm infant, nutritional requirements, breastfeeding, donor milk, specialized formula, breast milk fortifiers, hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia
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晚期早产儿营养管理的现行原则
在妊娠34 0/7周至36 6/7周之间出生的新生儿被认为是晚期早产儿(LPT),构成了所有早产儿中最大的群体。LPT婴儿的发病率和死亡率以及反复住院的频率明显高于足月婴儿,这是由于缺乏宫内生长发育的关键时期而导致的不成熟。相当普遍的是,他们面临营养问题,导致不良的即时和长期后果。直到最近,对LPT婴儿缺乏明确的喂养建议决定了使用个别方法来优化他们的营养。LPT婴儿数量的逐年增加促使人们积累了关于这些儿童一般和具体问题(包括与营养有关的问题)的解剖和生理特征以及发展原则的新的科学信息。全面的支持和适当的母乳喂养是LPT婴儿获得充足营养的基石。根据胎龄、出生体重和合并症等因素,通常有必要增加营养支持,包括使用母乳强化剂、营养丰富的配方奶和肠外营养处方。LPT患儿在实现正常营养状态的过程中,会出现低血糖、黄疸延长、出生后生长发育迟缓等并发症,需要特殊的治疗方法。这篇综述强调了LPT婴儿营养管理中最常见的问题,并提供了当前对这组早产儿的最佳喂养建议。关键词:晚期早产儿,营养需求,母乳喂养,供乳,专用配方奶,母乳强化剂,低血糖,高胆红素血症
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来源期刊
Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii
Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii Medicine-Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
CiteScore
1.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
17
期刊介绍: The scientific journal Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii is included in the Scopus database. Publisher country is RU. The main subject areas of published articles are Food Science, Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health, Nutrition and Dietetics, Клиническая медицина.
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