Franjo Tuđman and Demographic Revitalization/Sustainability of Croatia

Q4 Arts and Humanities Review of Croatian History Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI:10.22586/review.v17i1.13382
D. Živić
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Abstract

According to a number of relevant demographic and statistical indicators, Croatia is in a deep demographic crisis in all aspects of demographic dynamics and structural-demographic development. Total depopulation, natural decline, negative migration balance, demographic aging, and spatial polarization of the population – are fundamental long-term and current demographic trends and processes that, thanks to available data from census, vital and migration statistics can be monitored almost continuously from the middle of last century until today. The current demographic picture of Croatia is marked by natural and mechanical population losses, which means more deaths from birth and more emigration than immigration, with significantly disturbed relations between large (functional) age groups that threaten further collapse of bio reproductive potential and economic activity of the population. Croatian demographers warned of this circumstance during socialist Yugoslavia, especially after reaching independence in 1991. In their research, they were especially committed to the design and implementation of active and stimulating population policies, which had a certain impact in the formation of some decisions and documents of Croatian state policy during the 1990s. In this sense, it is scientifically relevant to valorize Dr. Tuđman’s attitude towards Croatian demographic issues, because demographic challenges have been and still are in significant discrepancy with socially desirable demographic pro-cesses and trends as key factors in the development and progress of the Croatian state and society, especially from 1991 and onwards. Therefore, in the context of Tuđman’s work as a politician (president of the Croatian Democratic Union from 1989 to 1999) and statesman (president of the Republic of Croatia from 1990 to 1999), but also as a scientist and public figure (director of the Institute for the History of the Labor Movement from 1961 to 1967) it is useful to investigate whether and to what extent there is a consistent attitude towards the demographic situation and problems of Croatia and, accordingly, whether we find the issue of Croatian demography at the center or on the margins of interest in his public work.
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Franjo Tuđman和克罗地亚的人口振兴/可持续性
根据一些有关的人口和统计指标,克罗地亚在人口动态和结构-人口发展的所有方面都处于深刻的人口危机之中。人口总数减少、自然减少、负移徙平衡、人口老龄化和人口空间极化是基本的长期和当前的人口趋势和进程,由于人口普查的现有数据,可以从上世纪中叶到今天几乎不间断地监测人口动态和移徙统计数据。克罗地亚目前的人口状况的特点是人口自然和机械损失,这意味着更多的出生死亡和移民多于移民,大(功能)年龄组之间的关系受到严重干扰,威胁到人口的生物生殖潜力和经济活动的进一步崩溃。克罗地亚的人口统计学家在南斯拉夫社会主义时期警告过这种情况,特别是在1991年独立之后。在他们的研究中,他们特别致力于设计和执行积极和刺激的人口政策,这对1990年代克罗地亚国家政策的一些决定和文件的形成产生了一定的影响。从这个意义上说,确定Tuđman博士对克罗地亚人口问题的态度在科学上是有意义的,因为人口方面的挑战一直而且仍然与作为克罗地亚国家和社会发展和进步的关键因素的社会期望的人口进程和趋势有很大的差异,特别是从1991年以来。因此,在Tuđman作为政治家(1989年至1999年担任克罗地亚民主联盟主席)和政治家(1990年至1999年担任克罗地亚共和国总统)以及科学家和公众人物(1961年至1967年担任劳工运动史研究所所长)的工作背景下,调查是否以及在多大程度上对克罗地亚的人口状况和问题采取一致的态度是有用的,因此,在他的公共工作中,克罗地亚人口问题是我们感兴趣的中心还是边缘。
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来源期刊
Review of Croatian History
Review of Croatian History Arts and Humanities-History
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期刊介绍: Review of Croatian History is a scholarly review intended to publish articles in English and other languages related to the history of Croats and their relations with neighbors throughout history.
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