Соотношение формальности, неформальности, вежливости, невежливости и грубости с позиции прагматики и дискурс-анализа

Abstract

The theory of politeness and impoliteness is currently one of the relevant interdisciplinary areas of research developing at the intersection of pragmatics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, discourse analysis, cognitive linguistics and communication theory. An interdisciplinary approach to the study of im/politeness makes it possible to take a fresh look at its functioning and role in communication as well as to highlight their correlation with adjacent categories. The aim of the article is to clarify the relationship between politeness, impoliteness, formality, informality and rudeness, in perspective of discourse-pragmatics, to characterize the types of im/politeness and their functions. Illustrating with examples from Russian, English and Spanish the paper shows the need to distinguish between politeness and impoliteness at the semantic and pragmatic levels, taking into account the context and perception of the utterance by the addressee. The necessity of distinguishing between politeness and formality, impoliteness and rudeness is substantiated.