Geomatic monitoring of environmental hazards in technogenic-loaded territories

Abstract

It was noted that the territory of Eastern Ukraine is saturated with potentially dangerous industrial facilities and areas with geodynamic processes that require constant control and monitoring to detect deformations. Geomatic methods and tools were proposed for a comprehensive assessment of deformations, indicators of environmental threats in technogenically loaded territories. The choice of the geomatic monitoring system depends on the type of environment and the direction of research. Visualization of the content of chemical substances, gas concentration, temperature, humidity, precipitation can be carried out through the interfaces of the Giovanni platform. Landsat, Sentinel-2, MODIS space images are processed to classify land cover objects, change their boundaries, monitor vegetation cover, analyze the geological structure, identify the dynamics of water and wetland objects, the scale of floods and inundation; SIR - C/X - SAR radar images are processed to determine the location of urban areas and individual buildings, to emphasize the relief of mountainous areas, to control the pollution of water bodies' surfaces; SRTM digital terrain models are processed to determine terrain characteristics. Observation of the deformation of the Earth's surfaces and construction of displacement maps is performed by the InSAR satellite radar method, which is based on the use of space images from the Sentinel-1 spacecraft. To clarify the identified problem areas, it is necessary to jointly use the ground-based geodetic methods of monitoring the deformations of man-made territories. Processing of the received data is carried out in various geoinformation systems ArcGIS, QGIS, Google Earth, Digital; the land subsidence estimation using Sentinel-1 Data in SNAP, the landslides detection using Sentinel-1. The article states that geomatics monitoring is carried out to neutralize threats, to restore natural resource potential, to ensure geopolitical, ecological, security and military stability.