The value of weoro: A historical sociological analysis of honour in Anglo-Saxon society

IF 0.1 0 MEDIEVAL & RENAISSANCE STUDIES Journal of the Australian Early Medieval Association Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI:10.35253/jaema.2021.1.3
Julian Calcagno
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Abstract

The values that underpin the Anglo-Saxon concept of honour changed at the beginning of the sixth century. During this period, Anglo-Saxon kingdoms enshrined a new era of cultural and religious fervour, inculcating new practices of honour among the new Christianised Anglo-Saxon elite. This paper demonstrates the transition from pagan to Christian honour systems. Historians have often examined honour through concepts based on comparisons or 'terms of art', for example 'Bushido' in Japan, 'Futuwwa' in Islam, and 'chivalry' in Christianised later-medieval Europe. This paper emulates these examples by examining honour in Anglo-Saxon society through use of the Old English term weoro, an under-studied phenomenon. Unlike Bushido or chivalry, weoro does not imply a mandated way of living. Weoro is instead pervasive, encompassing many modes of Anglo-Saxon life: poetry, giving- and -receiving, burial, kin, and bestowing honours. This paper combines sociological analysis with historical evidence.
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weoro的价值:盎格鲁-撒克逊社会荣誉的历史社会学分析
支撑盎格鲁-撒克逊人荣誉观念的价值观在六世纪初发生了变化。在此期间,盎格鲁-撒克逊王国迎来了文化和宗教狂热的新时代,向新基督教化的盎格鲁-撒克逊精英们灌输了新的荣誉实践。本文论证了从异教到基督教荣誉制度的转变。历史学家经常通过比较或“艺术术语”的概念来研究荣誉,例如日本的“武士道”,伊斯兰教的“未来之战”,以及中世纪后期基督教化的欧洲的“骑士精神”。本文模仿这些例子,通过使用古英语术语weoro来研究盎格鲁-撒克逊社会中的荣誉,这是一个研究不足的现象。与武士道或骑士精神不同,武士道并不意味着一种强制性的生活方式。相反,Weoro是普遍存在的,包含了许多盎格鲁-撒克逊人的生活方式:诗歌、赠与和接受、葬礼、亲属和授予荣誉。本文将社会学分析与历史证据相结合。
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