MODERN APPROACHES TO THE DIAGNOSIS AND ASSISTANCE IN ACUTE RADIATION INJURIES IN REGIONAL MILITARY CONFLICTS

Abstract

The special military operation of the Russian Federation in Ukraine has led to an increased possibility of using nuclear weapons. The use of nuclear weapons during the bombing of the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945 led to severe injuries and death of thousands of people, burns, mechanical trauma. Ionizing radiation lesions were new and specific, causing significant difficulties in the diagnosis and management of this pathology. Since then, there have been a number of accidents at nuclear power plants, the largest of which were the accidents at the Chernobyl and the Fukushima. During this time, the concepts of acute and chronic radiation syndromes were introduced into medical practice, and methods for treating these diseases were developed. Today, in connection with the threat of the use of a “dirty bomb” in Ukraine, as well as with the increasing likelihood of using tactical nuclear weapons, there was a need to form certain skills and concepts of actions in case of injuries from ionizing radiation among doctors and paramedical personnel.