Oral Administration Following Subcutaneous Administration of FCV Vaccines Enhances Vaccine Efficacy against Challenge of a Highly Virulent Vs Feline Calicivirus

Sing Rong, K. Floyd-Hawkins, V. King
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Abstract

Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a common cause of upper respiratory and oral disease in cats. Highly virulent systemic strains of FCV (vs FCV) have been described. These vs FCV isolates cause characteristic edema, cutaneous ulcers and other clinical signs typically associated with FCV infection. Vs FCV isolates also cause high mortality even in previously vaccinated cats. We reported previously that the FCV serum cross-neutralization profile of cat serum generated using the oralnasal route of administration is broader than with subcutaneous administration (SC), as measured with a 26-FCV viral panel (Rong et al., Virus Research 122:95-108, 2006). In this report, we tested the in vivo ef- ficacy of the FCV vaccine, in a 4-way (FCV-FHV-FPV-FCp) format, by using a highly virulent vs FCV- 33585 as the challenge virus. Vaccines were administered as 2-dose subcutaneouly (SC/SC), or subcutaneously followed by orally (SC/Oral). The mortality induced by vs FCV-33585 in unvaccinated control cats was 78% (7 out of 9 cats). The mortality decreased to 44% (4 out of 9 cats) with cats vaccinated with the 4-way vaccine given SC/SC. However, when this vaccine was given SC/Oral, the mortality decreased to 10% (1 out of 10 cats). The clinical scores, calculated based on frequency and severity of various clinical signs, correlated with mortality data. These results demonstrated that oral administration of FCV vaccines, as the second dose following the first dose of subcutaneious administration, ehances FCV efficacy against challenge of a highly virulent vs FCV. We propose that not only oral vaccination offers convenience and needle-free inoculation, it also enhances FCV vaccine efficacy.
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皮下注射FCV疫苗后口服可增强疫苗对抗高毒力猫杯状病毒的效力
猫杯状病毒(FCV)是猫上呼吸道和口腔疾病的常见病因。高毒力的系统菌株FCV (vs FCV)已被描述。这些与FCV分离株引起特征性水肿、皮肤溃疡和其他与FCV感染典型相关的临床症状。vsfcv分离株即使在以前接种过疫苗的猫中也会造成高死亡率。我们之前报道过,使用26-FCV病毒小组测量,使用口服鼻给药途径产生的猫血清的FCV血清交叉中和谱比皮下给药(SC)更宽(Rong等人,病毒研究122:95- 108,2006)。在本报告中,我们采用高毒力vsfcv - 33585作为攻毒病毒,以4-way (FCV- fhv - fpv - fcp)格式测试了FCV疫苗的体内有效性。疫苗以2剂皮下注射(SC/SC),或皮下注射后再口服(SC/Oral)。在未接种疫苗的对照猫中,FCV-33585致死亡率为78%(9只猫中有7只)。接种SC/SC四路疫苗的猫的死亡率降至44%(9只猫中有4只)。然而,当给予SC/口服这种疫苗时,死亡率下降到10%(10只猫中有1只)。根据各种临床症状的发生频率和严重程度计算的临床评分与死亡率数据相关。这些结果表明,口服FCV疫苗,作为皮下注射第一剂后的第二剂,可增强FCV抵抗高毒力FCV攻击的效力。我们认为口服疫苗接种不仅方便、无针接种,而且可以提高FCV疫苗的效力。
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