Body mass index, body image dissatisfaction, and eating disorder symptoms in female aquatic sports: Comparison between artistic swimmers and female water polo players

Q2 Health Professions Journal of Physical Education and Sport Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI:10.7752/jpes.2020.s3290
Jasmina Parlov, A. Low, M. Lovrić, Roman Kern
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Previous studies have suggested that artistic (synchronized) swimming athletes might showeating disorders symptoms. However, systematic research on eating disorders in artistic swimming is limited and the nature and antecedents of the development of eating disorders in this specific population of athletes is still scarce. Hence, the aim of our research was to investigate the eating disorder symptoms in artistic swimming athletes using the EAT-26 instrument, and to examine the relation of the incidence and severity of these symptoms to body mass index and body image dissatisfaction. Furthermore, we wanted to compare artistic swimmers with athletes of a non-leanness (but also an aquatic) sport, therefore we also included a group of female water-polo athletes of the same age. The sample consisted of 36 artistic swimmers and 34 female waterpolo players (both aged 13-16). To test the presence of the eating disorder symptoms the EAT-26 was used. The Mann-Whitney U Test (MWU) was used to test for the differences in EAT-26 scores. The EAT-26 total score and the Dieting subscale (one of the three subscale) showed significant differences between the two groups. The median value for EAT-26 total score was higher in the artistic swimmers’ group (C = 11) than in the waterpolo players’ group (C = 8). A decision tree classifier was used to discriminate the artistic swimmers and female water polo players based on the features from the EAT26 and calculated features. The most discriminative features were the BMI, the dieting subscale and the habit of post-meal vomiting.Our results suggest that artistic swimmers, at their typical competing age, show higher risk of developing eating disorders than female waterpoloplayers and that they are also prone to dieting weight-control behaviors to achieve a desired weight. Furthermore, results indicate that purgative behaviors, such as binge eating or self-induced vomiting, might not be a common weight-control behavior among these athletes. The results corroborate the findings that sport environment in leanness sports might contribute to the development of eating disorders. The results are also in line with evidence that leanness sports athletes are more at risk for developing restrictive than purgative eating behaviors, as the latter usually do not contribute to body weight reduction. As sport environment factors in artistic swimming include judging criteria that emphasize a specific body shape and performance, it is important to raise the awareness of mental health risks that such environment might encourage.
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女子水上运动中的身体质量指数、身体形象不满和饮食失调症状:艺术游泳运动员与女子水球运动员的比较
先前的研究表明,艺术(花样)游泳运动员可能表现出紊乱的症状。然而,关于艺术游泳中饮食失调的系统研究是有限的,并且在这一特定的运动员人群中饮食失调发展的性质和前因仍然很少。因此,我们的研究目的是利用EAT-26仪器调查艺术游泳运动员的饮食失调症状,并检查这些症状的发生率和严重程度与体重指数和身体形象不满意的关系。此外,我们想比较艺术游泳运动员和非瘦肉运动(但也是水上运动)的运动员,因此我们还包括一组相同年龄的女子水球运动员。样本包括36名艺术游泳运动员和34名女子水球运动员(年龄均为13-16岁)。为了测试饮食失调症状的存在,使用了EAT-26。采用Mann-Whitney U检验(MWU)来检验EAT-26评分的差异。两组之间的EAT-26总分和节食分量表(三个分量表中的一个)存在显著差异。艺术游泳运动员(C = 11)与水球运动员(C = 8)相比,艺术游泳运动员(C = 11)的总分中位数更高。利用决策树分类器对艺术游泳运动员和女子水球运动员进行判别。最具鉴别性的特征是体重指数、节食分量表和餐后呕吐习惯。我们的研究结果表明,在典型的比赛年龄,艺术游泳运动员比女性水球运动员患饮食失调的风险更高,而且她们也倾向于通过节食控制体重来达到理想的体重。此外,研究结果表明,在这些运动员中,暴饮暴食或自我诱导呕吐等泻性行为可能不是一种常见的体重控制行为。研究结果进一步证实了运动环境对饮食失调的影响。研究结果也与瘦运动员更容易养成限制性饮食习惯而非泻性饮食习惯的证据相一致,因为后者通常无助于减轻体重。由于艺术游泳的运动环境因素包括强调特定体型和表现的评判标准,因此提高对这种环境可能鼓励的心理健康风险的认识是很重要的。
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来源期刊
Journal of Physical Education and Sport
Journal of Physical Education and Sport Health Professions-Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation
CiteScore
2.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
282
审稿时长
5 weeks
期刊介绍: The main objective of JPES is to unite specialists from different fields, including sport, physical activity, kinesiology, education, health and nutrition, to provide the opportunity for multidisciplinary debates and comprehensive understanding of how physical activity influences human life. Researchers from areas that are related to sport and health are invited to publish their cutting-edge research and its practical applicability. Our target group of expert specialists includes academic researchers, kinesitherapists, physical education and sports teachers, physicians in sports medicine, psychologists, nutritionists, coaches and any other researchers involved in the sports field. JPES aims to act as a stimulus and a dissemination instrument for the research activity of Romanian and foreign investigators. JPES primarily publishes articles in the following fields: the natural sciences of sport, social and behavioral sciences and humanities, sports management, sports medicine, sports pedagogy and sport itself. The journal also aims to facilitate and enhance communication across all sub-disciplines of the sport sciences. The journal awaits original papers, review articles, technical reports and short communications that contain new insight into any aspect of the sport sciences that have not been previously published and are not under consideration for publication elsewhere.
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