Journal of Physical Education and Sport最新文献

{"title":"Features of the integral (somatic, mental, spiritual) health of students (a case based on students from Kyiv universities)","authors":"Mykhailo Ivashchenko Sergii Prysiazhniuk Stanislav Oleniev Khoroshukha","doi":"10.7752/jpes.2021.s5398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2021.s5398","url":null,"abstract":"At the present stage of social development, leading scientists in the field of information technologies have proposed a method of quantifying individual health as the trinity of its physical (somatic), mental and social (spiritual) statuses. Individual health testing should be performed out online on a personal computer using a single software package. Undoubtedly, this cybernetic method in the assessment of the health status will be used widely in the nearest future. However, in our opinion, we should not neglect the simple, affordable, not requiring computer technology, material costs and proven methods. On the basis of many years of researches done by the authors, substantiated methodology and methods for quantifying the level of integral (somatic, mental, spiritual) health of the person as the person are proved. It is advisable to use the express-method developed by us in the pedagogical practice when conducting health-improving trainings in order to self-control the effectiveness of physical loads and can be used in the preventive medicine as a screening test to assess the main components of the human health. The study involved students (boys and girls) 17-21 years of Kyiv Universities, who did not go in for sports (experimental group, n = 626), among them: students of the Faculty of Social Technologies of the Open International University of Human Development \"Ukraine\" (further University \"Ukraine\") (n = 163), Faculty of Physical Education and Sports of the National Pedagogical Dragomanov University (n = 235) and the Faculty of Health, Physical Education and Sports of Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University (n = 228). The control group consisted of their peers - student athletes (boxers, wrestlers, cyclists, skiers) of the Brovary Higher School of Physical Education (Kyiv region) (N = 75). The analysis of the results of the study showed that the integral health of non-athletes students is assessed as \"satisfactory\". The athletes-students have the highest level of absolute health. However, if the athletes-students have a high level of integral health indicators, mainly due to an increase in the average values of somatic health indicators and the lower level of spiritual health, then among the non-athletes students, a satisfactory level of health, on the contrary, is mainly achieved due to the higher values of spiritual and mental health indicators and, accordingly, to the lower somatic health indicators. The male and female students of the University \"Ukraine\" and female students of Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University have the highest level of spiritual health indicators.","PeriodicalId":38917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Education and Sport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44611056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fundamental movement skills and sensory movement strategies to support online learning in early childhood","authors":"Z. Akbar, Tohar K. Awalludin","doi":"10.7752/jpes.2021.s4317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2021.s4317","url":null,"abstract":"The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has presented a challenge for parents when helping children to find solutions to problems faced primarily in the learning process and to aid children with being involved in online learning. In some children at an early age, the online learning process becomes tougher because children will experience obstacles, such as difficulty maintaining concentration and being easily distracted;thus, they will not be actively involved in the learning process. The purpose of this study was on actions during the online teaching–learning process in an early childhood class. In this research, the case involved a bounded context and consisted of a preschool group of younger children between 1 and 3 years of age and their preschool teachers. The focus during the observation was on the child–adult interactions during different activities and different times of the day during the online teaching–learning process. The aim was to identify if and to which extent preschool teachers had similar ways of engaging in activities during their interactions with children online using the Zoom platform, especially regarding movement learning. This research was designed as a case study using a qualitative approach. Children who are of early age in their daily life need the ability to move in a systematic and controlled way, such as running, jumping, playing with objects, and self-control. Learning movement with fundamental movements and sensory movements are alternatives for providing children with a sensory experience and a solution to movement learning. These activities are integrated into learning processes in early childhood. Thus, fundamental exercises of skill and sensory movement online in terms of learning participation and independent experiences in children’s early learning classes are crucial to optimize the children’s growth and development, especially in the physical aspect of their early childhood motor development. © 2021, Editura Universitatii din Pitesti. All rights reserved.","PeriodicalId":38917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Education and Sport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43013078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical activity level and body mass index profile of the working-age population in palembang city","authors":"S. Solahuddin, I. Sulaiman, B. Kridasuwarso, W. Bayu, M. Lasiono","doi":"10.7752/jpes.2021.s4310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2021.s4310","url":null,"abstract":"Physical activity levels have decreased during the Covid-19 pandemic because of the lockdown period and related social distancing measures. Although Indonesian government has gradually allowed people to do outdoor activities, there are still large-scale restrictions on doing activities in public places. Palembang is one of biggest cities in Indonesia, in which students and workers have been learning and working from home during the pandemic. The purpose of this study was to analyse the physical activity levels and body mass index (BMI) profiles of the working-age population in Palembang, Indonesia, during the COVID-19 pandemic. In total, 735 participants (M: 416;F: 319) with a minimum age of 15 (26.14±9.46) participated in this study. The method of this study was a survey using an online Short-Form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SF) to assess physical activity and energy expenditure levels based on Metabolic Equivalents of Task (MET). The data was collected for 4 weeks in February 2021 by measuring the height and weight and by observing the physical activity behaviour of the participants through the survey. The results of the BMI calculation showed that almost half of the participants were a combination of underweight, overweight, and obese, while participants in the normal category included only slightly more than half. The results of the physical activity level showed that more than half of the participants were in the low and medium category, while participants in the high category included slightly fewer than 40%. Thus, the working-age population in Palembang City needs to increase their physical activity and maintain their nutritional intake to improve their BMI levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2021, Editura Universitatii din Pitesti. All rights reserved.","PeriodicalId":38917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Education and Sport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44770943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of virtual physical exercise on mental health status during the covid-19 pandemic","authors":"D. Ghani, Z. Zainuddin, H. Ibrahim, A. Hashim, N. Van","doi":"10.7752/jpes.2021.s4297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2021.s4297","url":null,"abstract":"In May 2021, the Malaysian government enforced a movement control order (MCO) due to the worsening situation of the COVID-19 pandemic. MCO includes restrictions on outdoor activities and the closure of fitness centres. The active community may experience disquietude because this order affects their healthy living activities outdoor, and partially, it affects them psychologically. To overcome this, several endeavors were made to encourage physical exercise through live virtual physical activity via social media or recorded videos in the broadcasting platform. Therefore, this study aims to measure the mental health status of the community undergoing virtual physical exercise (VPE) program during MCO using a new modified instrument. In this study, 100 participants were randomly participated within the southeast region in Malaysia using the snowball effect strategy. The Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scales (DASS-21) questionnaire was modified into a new survey that was specifically designed to measure stress, anxiety, and depression related to VPE and MCO. The survey was scaled and administered online for data collection. The SPSS software was used for descriptive statistics, and SmartPLS software was used to test the structural equation model between the items. The obtained results showed significant changes in the mental health status [i.e., level of stress, anxiety and depression reduced after joining VPE (M = 14.5, SD = 13.6)]. In addition, depression was significantly correlated with stress and anxiety before and after involvement in VPE (p = 0.00). In conclusion, engaging in VPE during the quarantine and restricted movement period can lead to a healthier mental status. This study enlighten the future of physical activities using innovative method through technology, their impact on lifestyle, and the psychological states of the community. © 2021, Editura Universitatii din Pitesti. All rights reserved.","PeriodicalId":38917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Education and Sport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43074258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerobic endurance of futsal athletes during the covid-19 pandemic","authors":"A. P. Wenly, R. Pelana, A. Wasan, H. Usman, H. Chaniago","doi":"10.7752/jpes.2021.s4299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2021.s4299","url":null,"abstract":"The high number of COVID-19 cases has a significant impact on sports sectors in Indonesia. During the COVID-19 pandemic, all Padang Futsal Academy athletes trained from their homes. As a result of large-scale social restrictions to stop the spread of the COVID-19 virus. This study aims to compare the VO2Max of Padang Futsal Academy athletes before COVID-19 and after Padang Futsal Academy athletes exercise virtually at home during the covid-19 pandemic. All athletes in the Padang futsal academy club were the samples in this study. The research method used is a descriptive quantitative percentage. The research instrument is a multilevel fitness test to measure the VO2Max of futsal athletes. This test is carried out on a flat field of 20 meters long and is characterized by cunning. Data on the aerobic endurance of the Padang futsal Academy athletes at Padang using the Multi stage Fitness Test (MSFT) instrument test. The results of the athlete's VO2Max in February 2020, the average value of VO2Max was 30.5 mL/Kg/minute, the highest value was 35.0 mL/kg/minute, the lowest VO2Max value was 27.2 mL/kg/minute. The results of VO2Max athletes in March 2021, the average value of VO2Max is 28.5 mL/Kg/minute, the highest value is 31.4 mL/kg/minute, the lowest VO2Max value is 25.2 mL/kg/minute. Data VO2Max before COVID-19 shows that as many as 0 athletes (0%) are in the Superior class;as many as 0 athletes (0%) are in the Excellent class;as many as 2 athletes (16,7%) is in the Good class;as many as 7 athletes (58,3%) are in the Fair class;as many as 3 athletes (25%) are in the poor class;as many as 0 athletes (0%) are in the very poor class. Data VO2Max During COVID-19 shows that as many as 0 athletes (0%) are in the Superior class;as many as 0 athletes (0%) are in the Excellent class;as many as 0 athletes (0%) is in the Good class;as many as 6 athletes (50%) are in the Fair class;as many as 6 athletes (0%) are in the poor class;as many as 6 athletes (50%) are in the very poor class. There is a decrease in the average VO2Max of athletes after exercising from home. © 2021, Editura Universitatii din Pitesti. All rights reserved.","PeriodicalId":38917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Education and Sport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46463721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does reggio emilia approach encourage physical activities on children during covid-19 pandemic?","authors":"Wuryani Suharti Yufiarti","doi":"10.7752/jpes.2021.s4326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2021.s4326","url":null,"abstract":"Learning in early childhood, which is identical to play, requires teachers to make adjustments to interesting learning activities. Since the COVID-19 pandemic hit the world and countries have implemented school closure policies, distance learning has begun to be implemented in early childhood education. Teachers as learning designers are required to be more creative so that they can facilitate children's development. The physical development of children during the distance learning period cannot be observed directly. It needs an appropriate learning design approach. The Reggio Emilia Approach (REA) is a constructivist early childhood education program that allows instructors to explore pleasurable learning even as learning evolves. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the Reggio Emilia approach that encourages children's physical activity when distance learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic. This research uses a qualitative approach with case study method. The study participants were 15 children aged 4-6 years and 5 parents. Observation, documentation (photos and videos) and interviews with parents were used as data collection. The findings of the study shown that the Reggio Emilia Approach (REA) can encourage children's physical activity even though they carry out distance learning. Children can still play in a limited environment at home with their parents and other family members and keep moving to carry out physical activities. The physical activities carried out by children while carrying out distance learning during the Covid-19 pandemic through the Reggio Emilia Approach through play activities. Further research can be continued to explore more varied activities design in Reggio Emilia Approach (REA) to increase children's physical activities independently. © JPES.","PeriodicalId":38917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Education and Sport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43435507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Children's physical literacy development needs using mobile learning","authors":"T. Rihatno, S. Nuraini","doi":"10.7752/jpes.2021.s4321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2021.s4321","url":null,"abstract":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, children's health and immune system must be maintained so that children do not easily contract the virus. This is the importance of seeing and paying attention to physical fitness in children during COVID-19 through physical literacy because a healthy body will affect future development. Some teachers use mobile learning in some subject matters. Mobile learning is a learning model that involves mobile devices so that students can access learning materials, learning instructions, and learning applications without being limited by space and time, wherever and whenever they are. This study aims to describe the needs of mobile learning for teachers in PAUD. Survey research method with sampling techniques conducted with simple random sampling amounted to 52 PAUD teachers. Data collection using questionnaires that include the implementation of physical activity and the use of mobile phones. The questions are: (1) Have you ever given examples of physical activity to children;(2) Have you ever given an example of physical activity in children using a smartphone (HP);(3) Do you often do physical activity at home;(4) Is physical activity done with the family. Data analysis using quantitative descriptive concluded the model of presentation in the form of graphs. Base on the data concluded that almost all teachers gave examples of physical activities in children. The teacher uses a cellphone in learning. Furthermore, parents support physical activity at home and carry out physical activity in the family. Therefore the results showed that the development of early childhood physical literacy using mobile learning is needed for PAUD teachers. Mobile learning is a solution in learning that prioritizes aspects of convenience and practicality and can be used anywhere and anytime to develop children’s physical literacy. © JPES.","PeriodicalId":38917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Education and Sport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46181388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of brain breaks to supporting the physical activity during the covid-19 pandemic in elementary school","authors":"Apriyan Susilo, Manopo B. A. Hernawan, Sudijandoko A. Sudradjat, Tahki K. Yusmawati, B. Sujiono, A. M. Resza, H. Usman, D. Mitsalina, I. Aprilo","doi":"10.7752/jpes.2021.s4309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2021.s4309","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in learning patterns during the Covid-19 certainly have a negative and positive impact, especially on students’ physical activity development. The brain breaks program is a new program in Indonesia. This program is designed to develop physical activity in children to improve learning, motor skills, fitness, and cultural culture. This research provided students’ perceptions of the use of the brain breaks program increasing physical activity, especially during the Covid-19. The research design used is descriptive quantitative research with survey techniques. Researchers conducted a survey of the entire population, which described the population’s unique attitudes, behaviours, and characteristics. Students did a brain break for a week, then fill out a questionnaire to measure their opinions and attitudes towards the brain break program. This research uses purposive sampling. This study involved 194 elementary school students (4-6) in six areas of DKI Jakarta. This research used a questionnaire instrument od Attitudes toward Physical Activity Scale (APAS). The percentage and descriptive analysis techniques were used to analyze the data in this study. Result: According to the findings, students’ perceptions of the brain breaks program were excellent, where the average score is 81.40%. The brain break program is beneficial from the aspect of physical activity and can contribute to the overall educational process, especially during the Covid-19. This positive impact must be supported by the competence of physical education teachers in the use of technology both in operation and in variations in the development of brain break movements adjusted to local wisdom based on Indonesian culture. The next step from the results of this research needs to be further developed research on brain breaks programs, especially in Indonesia, to increase physical activity in students at other educational levels and improve the quality of education. © JPES.","PeriodicalId":38917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Education and Sport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49321522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying the difficulties in learning floor gymnastics in distance education: A case study of public and private elementary schools","authors":"N. Parlina, S. Anugrahsari, B. Sujanto, Widodo P. Suryadi, S. Triyanta, Azhari I. N. Khoirurahmat","doi":"10.7752/jpes.2021.s4307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2021.s4307","url":null,"abstract":"Covid-19 has affected the learning process in primary education, especially Physical Education, Health, and Sports (PEHS). Before the pandemic, students did sports and physical activity with teacher guidance and supervision. The pandemic constrains both students and teachers conducted distance learning as the most effective solution. Therefore, the PEHS teacher faced a challenge in delivering the material and achieving learning outcomes. Besides delivering material, the PEHS teacher should ensure that the students comprehended the theory, did the assignment, succeeded in practice without direct teacher supervision. This research aimed to study the comparative of floor gymnastic implementation for the 5th-grade students at the 11th Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri (MIN) West Jakarta and Labschool Elementary School Cibubur Indonesia during distance learning. That way, researchers will identify the learning difficulties that occur in the two schools. From the technique of delivering different materials, the learning difficulties experienced by students are various. This study conducted mixed-method research that combined quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative data was collected through multiple choice questionnaires for students, which measured the learning difficulties. Moreover, qualitative data was gathered from principals’ and PEHS teachers’ interviews. The data were then analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis by comparing internal and external factors. The internal factor consists of physical, psychological, and fatigue (stamina) aspects. Meanwhile, the external factors consist of home (parent support), school (teacher), and the environment. The results showed that MIN struggled with students’ psychological, family, school, and environmental aspects because of a lack of facilities. Meanwhile, Labschool only faced students overweight as the physical aspect problem. Therefore, this research recommended that besides providing appropriate and creative learning, teachers, students, and parents should collaborate to achieve the maximum learning outcome. © 2021, Editura Universitatii din Pitesti. All rights reserved.","PeriodicalId":38917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Education and Sport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43798888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of 6 weeks of online vinyasa training on explosive leg strength of school children during covid-19 – a pilot study","authors":"V. Singh, J. Acharya, T. N. Bhutia","doi":"10.7752/jpes.2021.s4304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2021.s4304","url":null,"abstract":"Active participation in games and sports can aid with a variety of natural skills including jumping, running, and other powerful motions that are critical for improving performance. While sports performances mostly demands high lower limb fitness and strength, having strong legs can help correct muscle imbalances and accelerate the rate of recovery (Schlumberger, A., 2006). The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 6 weeks of online vinyasa training on explosive leg strength of school children during COVID-19, using the AARPHAD youth fitness test item, the standing broad jump (SBJ). The study included 30 students (ages 12 to 14) from public schools in North Delhi who had never received structured training before. The participants were subsequently subdivided and assigned to either an experimental (vinyasa) or a control group at random. The health-related fitness variable chosen for the study was explosive leg strength. The online vinyasa training session was given to the experimental group for six weeks as 30 min pieces of training for five days a week, while the control group continued only their prior active lifestyle routine. Further to assess the findings, data was collected twice during the pre and post-test before and after training. When the data was evaluated, it was discovered that the six-week online vinyasa training showed statistically significant impacts in the post-tests for explosive leg strength performances when compared to the pre-test results (P0.05). Furthermore, as compared to the control group's post-test results, the experimental group's explosive leg strength performances in the post-test were statistically significant in terms of more improvement (P0.05). The significant difference between the experimental and control groups was discovered by ANCOVA. ANCOVA revealed a significant difference in the experimental group after six weeks when compared to its baseline. The study showed that online vinyasa training programmes may be effective for improving health-related fitness via variable explosive leg strength. © 2021, Editura Universitatii din Pitesti. All rights reserved.","PeriodicalId":38917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Education and Sport","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44075051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}