Cold stimulation is feasible and has limited aversiveness in healthy, pain-free dogs.

IF 1.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES American journal of veterinary research Pub Date : 2023-11-10 Print Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.2460/ajvr.23.07.0169
Liza Wittenberg-Voges, Julien Delarocque, Sabine Br Kästner, Alexandra Schütter
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Abstract

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the applicability and repeatability of cold stimulation in dogs.

Animals: 10 healthy Beagle dogs were used in a blinded cross-over experiment.

Methods: Measurements were performed in triplicate at 4 skin locations. The probe was manually placed, and temperature decreased (32 to 10 °C) at different cooling rates (0.5, 1, and 5 °C second-1) and latency was measured (11 °C for 60 seconds). Stimulations were discontinued when avoidance reactions were detected. Thermal threshold or time-to-reaction were recorded. Experiments were performed 3 times per animal in weeks 1 (Exp1), 2 (Exp2), and 5 (Exp3). Feasibility of cold stimulation was scored (0-5). Data were analyzed with mixed logistic regression.

Results: No significant differences in number of avoidance reactions between cooling-rates were detected. Significantly more reactions (P < .001) were observed during Exp1 compared to Exp2 and Exp3. Thermal thresholds were 13 ± 2.6 °C, 17.7 ± 4 °C and 16.3 ± 4.6 °C for 5, 0.5 and 1 °C second-1, respectively. Latency to the reaction was determinable in 37% of measurements. The mean time-to-reaction was 13 ± 11 seconds. In 85% of measurements, a feasibility score of 0 (best feasibility) was assigned.

Clinical relevance: The method is easily applicable and well tolerated, but habituation could not be excluded. Overall, the aversiveness of cold stimulation in healthy dogs is limited and it is not possible to recommend a specific protocol. In future studies, it needs to be determined if the aversiveness of cold stimulation is increased in diseased dogs.

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冷刺激是可行的,并且在健康、无痛的狗中具有有限的厌恶性。
目的:评价犬冷刺激的适用性和重复性。动物:10只健康的比格犬被用于盲法交叉实验。方法:在4个皮肤部位进行一式三份的测量。手动放置探针,在不同的冷却速率(0.5、1和5°C第二次1)下降低温度(32至10°C),并测量潜伏期(11°C持续60秒)。当检测到回避反应时,停止刺激。记录热阈值或反应时间。在第1周(实验1)、第2周(实验2)和第5周(实验3),每只动物进行3次实验。对冷刺激的可行性进行评分(0-5)。数据采用混合逻辑回归分析。结果:冷却速率之间的回避反应数量没有显著差异。与Exp2和Exp3相比,在Exp1期间观察到明显更多的反应(P<.001)。第二阶段1的5、0.5和1°C的热阈值分别为13±2.6°C、17.7±4°C和16.3±4.6°C。在37%的测量中可以确定反应的潜伏期。平均反应时间为13±11秒。在85%的测量中,可行性得分为0(最佳可行性)。临床相关性:该方法易于应用,耐受性良好,但不能排除习惯化。总的来说,健康狗对冷刺激的厌恶程度是有限的,不可能推荐具体的方案。在未来的研究中,需要确定患病狗对冷刺激的厌恶程度是否会增加。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.70
自引率
10.00%
发文量
186
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The American Journal of Veterinary Research supports the collaborative exchange of information between researchers and clinicians by publishing novel research findings that bridge the gulf between basic research and clinical practice or that help to translate laboratory research and preclinical studies to the development of clinical trials and clinical practice. The journal welcomes submission of high-quality original studies and review articles in a wide range of scientific fields, including anatomy, anesthesiology, animal welfare, behavior, epidemiology, genetics, heredity, infectious disease, molecular biology, oncology, pharmacology, pathogenic mechanisms, physiology, surgery, theriogenology, toxicology, and vaccinology. Species of interest include production animals, companion animals, equids, exotic animals, birds, reptiles, and wild and marine animals. Reports of laboratory animal studies and studies involving the use of animals as experimental models of human diseases are considered only when the study results are of demonstrable benefit to the species used in the research or to another species of veterinary interest. Other fields of interest or animals species are not necessarily excluded from consideration, but such reports must focus on novel research findings. Submitted papers must make an original and substantial contribution to the veterinary medicine knowledge base; preliminary studies are not appropriate.
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