Objective: To develop an innovative process for stereotactic brain biopsies in dogs and cats that would provide a definitive diagnosis and optimize the management of patients with brain lesions.
Animals: 4 dogs and 1 cat diagnosed with 1 or more brain lesion(s) underwent brain biopsies between March 24, 2023, and October 25, 2023.
Methods: Based on trajectories selected on images of MRI and CT scan performed on each patient, a computerized software program was used to design a 3-D-printed patient-specific device with maxillary dental impression located on a baseplate to secure the patient's head and with insertion ports for the biopsy instrumentations located on a C-arm. As proof of concept, the device was successfully used in 2 cadavers before being used on clinical patients. All biopsy samples were submitted for histopathological examination.
Results: Histological diagnosis was obtained in 80% (4/5) of the cases (choroid plexus tumor, astrocytoma, meningioma, and chronic meningoencephalitis of unknown origin). In 1 patient, the results of biopsy were nondiagnostic; postmortem diagnosis was consistent with a low-grade oligodendroglioma. All the patients were discharged within 24 hours after the procedure without complications. This novel stereotactic system allows the surgeon to perform safe, easy-to-use, inexpensive, and minimally invasive precise brain biopsies in dogs and cats, without complications.
Clinical relevance: This unique technique could be applied to any size and type of skull and for any type of brain lesions and would provide diagnostic information that would be valuable for future treatment planning and prognosis.
目的:为狗和猫的立体定向脑活检开发一种创新流程,以提供明确诊断并优化脑部病变患者的治疗:开发一种创新的犬猫立体定向脑活检流程,为脑部病变患者提供明确诊断并优化管理。动物:在2023年3月24日至2023年10月25日期间,4只犬和1只猫被诊断出患有一个或多个脑部病变,并接受了脑活检:根据在每位患者的核磁共振成像和 CT 扫描图像上选择的轨迹,使用计算机软件程序设计了一种 3-D 打印的患者专用装置,该装置带有上颌牙印模,位于固定患者头部的底板上,并带有位于 C 型臂上的活检器械插入口。作为概念验证,该装置在用于临床患者之前,已在两具尸体上成功使用。所有活检样本均提交组织病理学检查:结果:80%(4/5)的病例获得了组织学诊断(脉络丛肿瘤、星形细胞瘤、脑膜瘤和不明原因的慢性脑膜脑炎)。有一名患者的活检结果无法确诊,死后诊断为低级别少突胶质细胞瘤。所有患者均在术后 24 小时内出院,未出现并发症。这种新型立体定向系统可让外科医生对猫狗进行安全、易用、廉价和微创的精确脑活检,且无并发症:这项独特的技术可用于任何大小和类型的头骨以及任何类型的脑损伤,并可提供对未来治疗计划和预后有价值的诊断信息。
{"title":"Using a three-dimensional-printed device with the patient's maxillary dental impression allows to perform minimally invasive brain biopsies in dogs and cats: a preliminary study.","authors":"Sabrina Fert, Hadrien Frankar, Alice Dussaux, Clémence Berthomé, Steeve Chantrel, Laurent Cauzinille","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.04.0122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.04.0122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop an innovative process for stereotactic brain biopsies in dogs and cats that would provide a definitive diagnosis and optimize the management of patients with brain lesions.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>4 dogs and 1 cat diagnosed with 1 or more brain lesion(s) underwent brain biopsies between March 24, 2023, and October 25, 2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on trajectories selected on images of MRI and CT scan performed on each patient, a computerized software program was used to design a 3-D-printed patient-specific device with maxillary dental impression located on a baseplate to secure the patient's head and with insertion ports for the biopsy instrumentations located on a C-arm. As proof of concept, the device was successfully used in 2 cadavers before being used on clinical patients. All biopsy samples were submitted for histopathological examination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Histological diagnosis was obtained in 80% (4/5) of the cases (choroid plexus tumor, astrocytoma, meningioma, and chronic meningoencephalitis of unknown origin). In 1 patient, the results of biopsy were nondiagnostic; postmortem diagnosis was consistent with a low-grade oligodendroglioma. All the patients were discharged within 24 hours after the procedure without complications. This novel stereotactic system allows the surgeon to perform safe, easy-to-use, inexpensive, and minimally invasive precise brain biopsies in dogs and cats, without complications.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This unique technique could be applied to any size and type of skull and for any type of brain lesions and would provide diagnostic information that would be valuable for future treatment planning and prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141490611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kendra N Fletcher, Mindy E Bergman, Jonathan W Austin, Steven L Marks, Roger B Fingland, Barbara Dallap-Schaer, Chris Sanchez, Ruthanne Chun, Elizabeth G Davis, Garam Kim, Yanai Y Otero La Porte, Emma I Edoga, Jonathan M Levine
Objective: Referencing growing concerns over the recruitment and retention of faculty in academic veterinary medicine, the authors hypothesized that among surveyed veterinary residents and early-career faculty, work-life balance and workplace climate and culture are stronger motivators than financial considerations, regardless of demographic factors such as gender, race/ethnicity, and area of specialization.
Sample: 541 participants were included in data analysis.
Methods: A mixed methods approach was utilized, incorporating both quantitative data and qualitative, free-text responses to better understand veterinary career choices by contextualizing factors associated with academic medicine.
Results: Factors underpinning career-related decision-making were ranked by level of importance as (1) workplace environment/culture, (2) personal well-being/work-life balance, (3) salary and bonuses, (4) geographic location, (5) facilities and resources, (6) benefits, and (7) schedule flexibility. Desires for workload balance, schedule flexibility, support from leadership, and mentorship and collaboration were among the top themes of qualitative responses for both residents and early career faculty respondents. Factors influencing career decision-making for resident and early-career faculty are varied. Workplace environment, work-life balance, and schedule flexibility are areas that academic institutions can address and continue to improve and that are likely to positively impact entry into academia and the desire to stay.
Clinical relevance: This study sought to understand factors related to career decision-making and interest in academic veterinary medicine among residents and early-career faculty. Understanding these factors can support efforts to recruit and retain faculty in academic veterinary medicine.
{"title":"Survey indicates addressing workplace environment, work-life balance, and flexibility are key to attracting and retaining veterinarians in academia.","authors":"Kendra N Fletcher, Mindy E Bergman, Jonathan W Austin, Steven L Marks, Roger B Fingland, Barbara Dallap-Schaer, Chris Sanchez, Ruthanne Chun, Elizabeth G Davis, Garam Kim, Yanai Y Otero La Porte, Emma I Edoga, Jonathan M Levine","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.03.0082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.03.0082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Referencing growing concerns over the recruitment and retention of faculty in academic veterinary medicine, the authors hypothesized that among surveyed veterinary residents and early-career faculty, work-life balance and workplace climate and culture are stronger motivators than financial considerations, regardless of demographic factors such as gender, race/ethnicity, and area of specialization.</p><p><strong>Sample: </strong>541 participants were included in data analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A mixed methods approach was utilized, incorporating both quantitative data and qualitative, free-text responses to better understand veterinary career choices by contextualizing factors associated with academic medicine.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Factors underpinning career-related decision-making were ranked by level of importance as (1) workplace environment/culture, (2) personal well-being/work-life balance, (3) salary and bonuses, (4) geographic location, (5) facilities and resources, (6) benefits, and (7) schedule flexibility. Desires for workload balance, schedule flexibility, support from leadership, and mentorship and collaboration were among the top themes of qualitative responses for both residents and early career faculty respondents. Factors influencing career decision-making for resident and early-career faculty are varied. Workplace environment, work-life balance, and schedule flexibility are areas that academic institutions can address and continue to improve and that are likely to positively impact entry into academia and the desire to stay.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This study sought to understand factors related to career decision-making and interest in academic veterinary medicine among residents and early-career faculty. Understanding these factors can support efforts to recruit and retain faculty in academic veterinary medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141465691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: The disinfection efficiency of disinfectants differs in specific conditions. This study aimed to investigate the disinfection efficiency of commercial hydrogen peroxide, chlorine dioxide, and chlorine disinfectant on real field surfaces and provide data for precise disinfection.
Methods: Simulated field disinfection and field disinfection methods were conducted to quantitatively evaluate the disinfection efficiency of hydrogen peroxide, chlorine dioxide, and sodium dichloroisocyanurate. The log10 reduction of biological indicators, Escherichia coli (ATCC 8099) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), was calculated. Next, the reduction in natural bacteria on the surfaces of a food production and processing workshop and a biosafety laboratory was determined.
Results: The 3 commercial disinfectants evaluated were effective against E coli and S aureus, with a reduction of more than 3.00 log10 colony-forming units/mL tested for an exposure time of 15 minutes with 3.5% hydrogen peroxide, 100 mg/L chlorine dioxide, and 250 mg/L sodium dichloroisocyanurate. The natural load in the food production and processing workshop decreased by more than 90% using 10.5% hydrogen peroxide with an exposure time of 30 minutes. The same disinfection level in the biosafety level 2 laboratory was achieved by 500 mg/L chlorine dioxide at an exposure time of 60 minutes and 450 mg/L sodium dichloroisocyanurate at 60 minutes.
Clinical relevance: This study provides a reference for precise disinfection of surfaces in the food industry and biosafety laboratories.
{"title":"Investigation of the disinfection efficiency of commercial hydrogen peroxide, chlorine dioxide, and chlorine disinfectant on different surfaces.","authors":"Chunai Tao, Xiaolan Tang, Yongxin Gan, Yun Qin, Shuting Yang, Fengshun Huang","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.03.0079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.03.0079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The disinfection efficiency of disinfectants differs in specific conditions. This study aimed to investigate the disinfection efficiency of commercial hydrogen peroxide, chlorine dioxide, and chlorine disinfectant on real field surfaces and provide data for precise disinfection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Simulated field disinfection and field disinfection methods were conducted to quantitatively evaluate the disinfection efficiency of hydrogen peroxide, chlorine dioxide, and sodium dichloroisocyanurate. The log10 reduction of biological indicators, Escherichia coli (ATCC 8099) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), was calculated. Next, the reduction in natural bacteria on the surfaces of a food production and processing workshop and a biosafety laboratory was determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 3 commercial disinfectants evaluated were effective against E coli and S aureus, with a reduction of more than 3.00 log10 colony-forming units/mL tested for an exposure time of 15 minutes with 3.5% hydrogen peroxide, 100 mg/L chlorine dioxide, and 250 mg/L sodium dichloroisocyanurate. The natural load in the food production and processing workshop decreased by more than 90% using 10.5% hydrogen peroxide with an exposure time of 30 minutes. The same disinfection level in the biosafety level 2 laboratory was achieved by 500 mg/L chlorine dioxide at an exposure time of 60 minutes and 450 mg/L sodium dichloroisocyanurate at 60 minutes.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This study provides a reference for precise disinfection of surfaces in the food industry and biosafety laboratories.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141465689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jaechun Cho, Soo-Yeon Jeong, Min-Suk Kim, Wang Sik Cho, Dong-Wook Kim, Chul Park
Objective: To improve the current recommendations for the diagnosis of canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) disease.
Animals: Blood samples collected from 35 shelter dogs in the Republic of Korea.
Methods: Samples were tested for the presence of microfilaria using the modified Knott (MK) test and D immitis DNA using species-specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) PCR. The blood samples were additionally assessed for the presence of heartworm antigens using the Antigen Rapid Canine Heartworm AG Test Kit 2.0 (Bionote Co). The performance of the MK test and LAMP PCR was assessed through statistical analysis, with a paired McNemar test utilized for comparison.
Results: The heartworm antigen was detected in 28.5% of the subjects. Of the 10 positive animals, the MK test detected microfilaria in 4 of 35 (11.4%) animals, and LAMP PCR detected D immitis DNA in 6 of 35 (17.1%). The results of this study indicate that the LAMP PCR showed more positive results in samples compared to the conventional MK test.
Clinical relevance: The D immitis-specific LAMP PCR assay has the potential to function as an alternative to current detection methods. It could complement the existing antigen detection tests in diagnosing canine heartworm infections.
{"title":"Loop-mediated isothermal amplification polymerase chain reaction in place of a modified Knott test in screening dogs for heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infection combined with antigen detection test.","authors":"Jaechun Cho, Soo-Yeon Jeong, Min-Suk Kim, Wang Sik Cho, Dong-Wook Kim, Chul Park","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.02.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.02.0027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To improve the current recommendations for the diagnosis of canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) disease.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Blood samples collected from 35 shelter dogs in the Republic of Korea.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Samples were tested for the presence of microfilaria using the modified Knott (MK) test and D immitis DNA using species-specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) PCR. The blood samples were additionally assessed for the presence of heartworm antigens using the Antigen Rapid Canine Heartworm AG Test Kit 2.0 (Bionote Co). The performance of the MK test and LAMP PCR was assessed through statistical analysis, with a paired McNemar test utilized for comparison.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The heartworm antigen was detected in 28.5% of the subjects. Of the 10 positive animals, the MK test detected microfilaria in 4 of 35 (11.4%) animals, and LAMP PCR detected D immitis DNA in 6 of 35 (17.1%). The results of this study indicate that the LAMP PCR showed more positive results in samples compared to the conventional MK test.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The D immitis-specific LAMP PCR assay has the potential to function as an alternative to current detection methods. It could complement the existing antigen detection tests in diagnosing canine heartworm infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141465690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iman Y Zaghloul, Daniela Bedenice, Michelle L Ceresia, Pilar Hermida Jones, Alfredo Sanchez-Londono, Mitchell N Lobo, Mark Böhlke, Mary Rose Paradis
Objective: To evaluate the effects of aging on phenylbutazone (PBZ) disposition in older horses (≥ 25 years old) compared to young adults (4 to 10 years old) by characterizing the pharmacokinetic profile of PBZ and its active metabolite, oxyphenbutazone (OPBZ), following a 2.2-mg/kg dose, IV. We hypothesized that the disposition of PBZ will be affected by age.
Animals: 16 healthy horses (8 young adults aged 4 to 10 years and 8 geriatric horses ≥ 25 years old).
Methods: Horses were administered a single 2.2-mg/kg PBZ dose, IV. Plasma samples were collected at designated time points and frozen at -80 °C until assayed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic analyses were performed using Phoenix WinNonlin, version 8.0 (Certara). Both clinical and pharmacokinetic data were compared between age groups using independent samples t tests, with P < .05 considered significant.
Results: Baseline characteristics did not differ between groups, with the exception of age, weight, and plasma total solids. Plasma concentrations of PBZ were best described by a two-compartment model. The maximum plasma concentration of OPBZ was reached at 5 hours for both age groups, and the metabolite-to-parent-drug area-under-the-curve ratios were approximately 20% for both groups. None of the pharmacokinetic parameters of PBZ or its metabolite, OPBZ, differed significantly between age groups.
Clinical relevance: The hypothesis was rejected as there was no significant difference in PBZ disposition in young-adult horses compared to geriatric horses. Our data do not support the need for dose adjustments of PBZ in clinically healthy geriatric horses.
{"title":"Comparative pharmacokinetics of phenylbutazone in healthy young-adult and geriatric horses.","authors":"Iman Y Zaghloul, Daniela Bedenice, Michelle L Ceresia, Pilar Hermida Jones, Alfredo Sanchez-Londono, Mitchell N Lobo, Mark Böhlke, Mary Rose Paradis","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.01.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.01.0012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effects of aging on phenylbutazone (PBZ) disposition in older horses (≥ 25 years old) compared to young adults (4 to 10 years old) by characterizing the pharmacokinetic profile of PBZ and its active metabolite, oxyphenbutazone (OPBZ), following a 2.2-mg/kg dose, IV. We hypothesized that the disposition of PBZ will be affected by age.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>16 healthy horses (8 young adults aged 4 to 10 years and 8 geriatric horses ≥ 25 years old).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Horses were administered a single 2.2-mg/kg PBZ dose, IV. Plasma samples were collected at designated time points and frozen at -80 °C until assayed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic analyses were performed using Phoenix WinNonlin, version 8.0 (Certara). Both clinical and pharmacokinetic data were compared between age groups using independent samples t tests, with P < .05 considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline characteristics did not differ between groups, with the exception of age, weight, and plasma total solids. Plasma concentrations of PBZ were best described by a two-compartment model. The maximum plasma concentration of OPBZ was reached at 5 hours for both age groups, and the metabolite-to-parent-drug area-under-the-curve ratios were approximately 20% for both groups. None of the pharmacokinetic parameters of PBZ or its metabolite, OPBZ, differed significantly between age groups.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The hypothesis was rejected as there was no significant difference in PBZ disposition in young-adult horses compared to geriatric horses. Our data do not support the need for dose adjustments of PBZ in clinically healthy geriatric horses.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141465688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summer Barnes, Miranda J Sadar, Jennifer Hausmann, Khursheed Mama
Objective: To evaluate methods for euthanizing cave cockroaches (CCs; Blaberus giganteus) and Madagascar hissing cockroaches (MHCs; Gromphadorhina portentosa). It was hypothesized that both suggested methods would be effective for humane mass euthanasia of both species.
Sample: Approximately 800 CC.
Methods: The CCs were separated into replicate groups of 25, 50, 75, 100, and 150 grams and placed into 3.8-L plastic bags. Twenty-seven MHCs were divided into groups of 2 to 3. The study took place from January to March 2023. All CC groups were exposed to 100% carbon dioxide (CO2) at a rate of 4 L/min until the bag was full. Madagascar hissing cockroaches were similarly anesthetized using either CO2 or 2 mL of isoflurane on a cotton ball in a 1-L container or a combination of CO2 and isoflurane. Once cockroaches were immobile, secondary euthanasia steps were performed. One bag of CCs per weight category was exposed to soapy water (5% Dawn dishwashing liquid), and the second was placed into a -80 °C freezer. The containers of MHCs were evenly exposed to the 2 euthanasia methods. Individuals remained in their secondary euthanasia method for 30 minutes.
Results: Regardless of the weight of the CCs within each bag, there was no impact on time (1.8 ± 0.4 minutes [mean ± SD]) to immobility. The failure rates for both species were 0.2% CI (-0.1% to 1.5% [1/413]) for soapy water and 0.5% CI (0.005% to 1.9% [2/414]) for the freezer method. These results support the use of both 2-step euthanasia methods in CCs and MHCs.
Clinical relevance: These methods will serve as an evidence-based alternative for humane mass euthanasia in cockroaches.
目的评估对穴居蟑螂(CC;Blaberus giganteus)和马达加斯加嘶嘶声蟑螂(MHC;Gromphadorhina portentosa)实施安乐死的方法。假设所建议的两种方法都能有效地对这两种蟑螂进行大规模人道安乐死:方法将 CC 分成 25 克、50 克、75 克、100 克和 150 克的重复组,放入 3.8 升的塑料袋中。研究时间为 2023 年 1 月至 3 月。所有 CC 组都以每分钟 4 升的速度暴露在 100% 的二氧化碳(CO2)中,直到袋子装满为止。马达加斯加嘶嘶蟑螂同样使用二氧化碳或 2 mL 异氟醚对 1 L 容器中的棉球进行麻醉,或同时使用二氧化碳和异氟醚。一旦蟑螂无法移动,就进行二次安乐死。将每个重量类别的一袋 CC 暴露在肥皂水(5% 的 Dawn 餐具洗涤液)中,然后将第二袋 CC 放入 -80 °C 的冷冻箱中。装有 MHC 的容器均匀地暴露于两种安乐死方法中。个体在第二种安乐死方法中停留 30 分钟:结果:无论每个袋中的 CC 重量如何,对不动时间(1.8 ± 0.4 分钟 [平均值 ± SD])都没有影响。肥皂水法和冷冻法的失败率分别为0.2% CI(-0.1%至1.5% [1/413])和0.5% CI(0.005%至1.9% [2/414])。这些结果支持在CC和MHC中使用这两种两步安乐死方法:这些方法将成为对蟑螂进行大规模人道安乐死的循证替代方法。
{"title":"The use of soapy water and freezing as secondary steps for euthanasia in cave (Blaberus giganteus) and Madagascar hissing (Gromphadorhina portentosa) cockroaches.","authors":"Summer Barnes, Miranda J Sadar, Jennifer Hausmann, Khursheed Mama","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.04.0114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.04.0114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate methods for euthanizing cave cockroaches (CCs; Blaberus giganteus) and Madagascar hissing cockroaches (MHCs; Gromphadorhina portentosa). It was hypothesized that both suggested methods would be effective for humane mass euthanasia of both species.</p><p><strong>Sample: </strong>Approximately 800 CC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The CCs were separated into replicate groups of 25, 50, 75, 100, and 150 grams and placed into 3.8-L plastic bags. Twenty-seven MHCs were divided into groups of 2 to 3. The study took place from January to March 2023. All CC groups were exposed to 100% carbon dioxide (CO2) at a rate of 4 L/min until the bag was full. Madagascar hissing cockroaches were similarly anesthetized using either CO2 or 2 mL of isoflurane on a cotton ball in a 1-L container or a combination of CO2 and isoflurane. Once cockroaches were immobile, secondary euthanasia steps were performed. One bag of CCs per weight category was exposed to soapy water (5% Dawn dishwashing liquid), and the second was placed into a -80 °C freezer. The containers of MHCs were evenly exposed to the 2 euthanasia methods. Individuals remained in their secondary euthanasia method for 30 minutes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Regardless of the weight of the CCs within each bag, there was no impact on time (1.8 ± 0.4 minutes [mean ± SD]) to immobility. The failure rates for both species were 0.2% CI (-0.1% to 1.5% [1/413]) for soapy water and 0.5% CI (0.005% to 1.9% [2/414]) for the freezer method. These results support the use of both 2-step euthanasia methods in CCs and MHCs.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>These methods will serve as an evidence-based alternative for humane mass euthanasia in cockroaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141465693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-27DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.85.07.editorial
Lisa A Fortier
{"title":"Doubly proud to support promising authors-congratulations to the recipients of our 2024 Journal Awards.","authors":"Lisa A Fortier","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.85.07.editorial","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.85.07.editorial","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141496888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarah J Marvel, Benjamin Goldblatt, Catriona M MacPhail, Kristin M Zersen
Objective: To describe the use of a novel wound dressing that delivers nitric oxide (NO) to naturally occurring traumatic wounds in dogs.
Animals: 24 client-owned dogs with 30 wounds.
Methods: Dogs were presented with acute traumatic wounds requiring open wound management. Wounds were bandaged with a novel NO wound dressing and reassessed as needed for continued open wound management until wounds healed by second intention or wound closure was recommended. Dogs could be removed from the study at any point at the clinician's discretion.
Results: All wounds had the novel NO wound dressing used during open wound management until wound closure was recommended. Median time to wound closure was 6 days (range, 2 to 42). There were no complications directly attributed to the use of the novel wound dressing that clinically affected the dogs. Three wounds dehisced following wound closure. Wound healing was confirmed in 19 dogs with 25 wounds, with 3 dogs lost to follow-up prior to suture removal. Only 7.1% of wounds had clinical signs consistent with wound infection following wound closure.
Clinical relevance: The novel NO wound dressing was easy to use and well tolerated in dogs with naturally occurring traumatic wounds. It can be used throughout all phases of wound healing, simplifying open wound management.
{"title":"The use of a novel nitric oxide wound dressing in acute traumatic wounds in dogs.","authors":"Sarah J Marvel, Benjamin Goldblatt, Catriona M MacPhail, Kristin M Zersen","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.04.0124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.04.0124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the use of a novel wound dressing that delivers nitric oxide (NO) to naturally occurring traumatic wounds in dogs.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>24 client-owned dogs with 30 wounds.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Dogs were presented with acute traumatic wounds requiring open wound management. Wounds were bandaged with a novel NO wound dressing and reassessed as needed for continued open wound management until wounds healed by second intention or wound closure was recommended. Dogs could be removed from the study at any point at the clinician's discretion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All wounds had the novel NO wound dressing used during open wound management until wound closure was recommended. Median time to wound closure was 6 days (range, 2 to 42). There were no complications directly attributed to the use of the novel wound dressing that clinically affected the dogs. Three wounds dehisced following wound closure. Wound healing was confirmed in 19 dogs with 25 wounds, with 3 dogs lost to follow-up prior to suture removal. Only 7.1% of wounds had clinical signs consistent with wound infection following wound closure.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The novel NO wound dressing was easy to use and well tolerated in dogs with naturally occurring traumatic wounds. It can be used throughout all phases of wound healing, simplifying open wound management.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141465692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lindsey R Woody, Laurent P Guiot, Tanya C Garcia, Caleb C Hudson, Mitch Sadowitz, Denis J Marcellin-Little
Objective: Evaluate whether total elbow replacement (TER) through a lateral approach is accurate and stable.
Animals: 12 skeletally mature large-breed dog cadavers were used.
Methods: Limb alignment, elbow joint motion, and collateral ligament laxity were evaluated preoperatively. The order of surgery (left or right) and the approach (lateral or medial) were randomly selected for TER in each dog. The other approach was used in the contralateral elbow. Intraoperative technical difficulties, duration of surgery, and anatomic complications were recorded. Limb alignment, elbow joint motion, collateral ligament laxity, and prosthetic component alignment were evaluated after surgery. Data were collected from June 11 to 15, 2023.
Results: The duration of surgery using a lateral or medial approach did not differ (P = .499). Anatomic complications were not observed. The lateral approach resulted in 8° more elbow extension (P = .003), 1.58° less lateral collateral ligament constraint (P = .033), 2.80° less medial collateral ligament constraint (P = .002), 4.38° less frontal plane constraint (P = .004), 8° greater humeral component inclination (P = .033), and 5.6° greater radioulnar component varus (P = .001) than the medial approach. Varus of the radius, mechanical axis deviation, limb supination, elbow flexion, mediolateral humeral component and craniocaudal radioulnar component orientation did not differ among joints operated using a lateral or medial approach. In normal cadaveric elbows, a lateral approach for TER appears feasible, producing equivalent limb alignment, joint laxity, and joint motion to normal elbows and to TER placed using a medial approach.
Clinical relevance: In dogs, TER can be performed using a lateral surgical approach.
{"title":"A lateral approach allows accurate and stable total elbow replacement in dogs.","authors":"Lindsey R Woody, Laurent P Guiot, Tanya C Garcia, Caleb C Hudson, Mitch Sadowitz, Denis J Marcellin-Little","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.04.0100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.04.0100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Evaluate whether total elbow replacement (TER) through a lateral approach is accurate and stable.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>12 skeletally mature large-breed dog cadavers were used.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Limb alignment, elbow joint motion, and collateral ligament laxity were evaluated preoperatively. The order of surgery (left or right) and the approach (lateral or medial) were randomly selected for TER in each dog. The other approach was used in the contralateral elbow. Intraoperative technical difficulties, duration of surgery, and anatomic complications were recorded. Limb alignment, elbow joint motion, collateral ligament laxity, and prosthetic component alignment were evaluated after surgery. Data were collected from June 11 to 15, 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The duration of surgery using a lateral or medial approach did not differ (P = .499). Anatomic complications were not observed. The lateral approach resulted in 8° more elbow extension (P = .003), 1.58° less lateral collateral ligament constraint (P = .033), 2.80° less medial collateral ligament constraint (P = .002), 4.38° less frontal plane constraint (P = .004), 8° greater humeral component inclination (P = .033), and 5.6° greater radioulnar component varus (P = .001) than the medial approach. Varus of the radius, mechanical axis deviation, limb supination, elbow flexion, mediolateral humeral component and craniocaudal radioulnar component orientation did not differ among joints operated using a lateral or medial approach. In normal cadaveric elbows, a lateral approach for TER appears feasible, producing equivalent limb alignment, joint laxity, and joint motion to normal elbows and to TER placed using a medial approach.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>In dogs, TER can be performed using a lateral surgical approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141465687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ivan A Moses, Theresa C Hallowell, Justine A Johnson
Objective: To demonstrate hypercoagulability with a benchtop viscoelastic monitor in cats with congestive heart failure (CHF) and/or aortic thromboembolism (ATE) compared to controls.
Methods: 97 cats were enrolled throughout this prospective observational cohort study from September 2022 through October 2023. Cats were grouped by diagnosis of CHF, ATE, ATE plus CHF, or controls. Enrollment required diagnosis of heart disease and no previous antithrombotic therapy. The results of viscoelastic testing with the benchtop viscoelastic coagulation monitor (VCM Vet [VCM]; Entegrion) were compared between groups using factorial analysis of variance.
Results: Cats with heart disease had significantly higher clot times when compared to controls (control: mean, 285.3 [SD, 172.6]; CHF: mean, 391.7 [SD, 106.8]; ATE: mean, 415.9 [SD, 109.2]; and ATE plus CHF: mean, 368.6 [SD, 232.6]). Heart disease cats were noted to have significantly lower 45-minute lysis index values (control: median, 100 [range, 93 to 100]; CHF: median, 99 [range, 89 to 100]; ATE: median, 98 [range, 88 to 100]; and ATE plus CHF: range, 98 [91 to 100]). Age was a covariate to this variable, and when applied to analysis, statistical significance was lost. No significant difference in any other variables were noted.
Clinical relevance: The hypercoagulability of ATE and CHF cats was not detected by the VCM. Further research with other coagulation monitors is required in this population.
{"title":"Feline cardiomyopathy patients do not exhibit evidence of hypercoagulability using a novel viscoelastic coagulation monitor.","authors":"Ivan A Moses, Theresa C Hallowell, Justine A Johnson","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.03.0065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.03.0065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To demonstrate hypercoagulability with a benchtop viscoelastic monitor in cats with congestive heart failure (CHF) and/or aortic thromboembolism (ATE) compared to controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>97 cats were enrolled throughout this prospective observational cohort study from September 2022 through October 2023. Cats were grouped by diagnosis of CHF, ATE, ATE plus CHF, or controls. Enrollment required diagnosis of heart disease and no previous antithrombotic therapy. The results of viscoelastic testing with the benchtop viscoelastic coagulation monitor (VCM Vet [VCM]; Entegrion) were compared between groups using factorial analysis of variance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cats with heart disease had significantly higher clot times when compared to controls (control: mean, 285.3 [SD, 172.6]; CHF: mean, 391.7 [SD, 106.8]; ATE: mean, 415.9 [SD, 109.2]; and ATE plus CHF: mean, 368.6 [SD, 232.6]). Heart disease cats were noted to have significantly lower 45-minute lysis index values (control: median, 100 [range, 93 to 100]; CHF: median, 99 [range, 89 to 100]; ATE: median, 98 [range, 88 to 100]; and ATE plus CHF: range, 98 [91 to 100]). Age was a covariate to this variable, and when applied to analysis, statistical significance was lost. No significant difference in any other variables were noted.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The hypercoagulability of ATE and CHF cats was not detected by the VCM. Further research with other coagulation monitors is required in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141454682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}