Evaluation of maize hybrids for resistance to major diseases and pests in the conditions of the southwestern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

L. Tomash, I. S. Mikuliak, M. I. Linskaia, G. Kozak
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Abstract

Topicality. The results of phytopathological evaluation of breeding material (the maize hybrids (Zea mays L.)) against the natural background of the main diseases fusarium (Fusarium (F. moniliforme J. Sheld), bacteriosis (Bacillus mesentericus-vulgatus Flugge), white rust (non-parasitic disease), boil smut (Ustilago zeae (Beskm.) Unger)) are given. The damage of corn hybrids by the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hb) was determined. Purpose. Our research was aimed to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of new maize hybrids for resistance to major diseases and pests in the conditions of the southwestern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The studies was conducted on the fields of Bukovyna State Agricultural Experimental Station of Institute of Agriculture in Carpathian region NAAS in selective crop rotation of NAAS according to generally accepted methods of field experiments, methodical recommendations and handbooks. The resistance of 299 maize hybrids was evaluated, including 125 hybrids in the competitive variety trial and 174 in the preliminary variety trial. Pochayivskyi 190 MV and DB Lada hybrids were used as a standard for comparing early-ripening hybrids, and Orzhytsia 237 MV and DB Khotyn hybrids were used as a standard for comparing mid-early hybrids. Early-ripening hybrids are included in the FAO 180–199, and mid-early hybrids – in the FAO 200–299. Results. Sampling based on hybrids resistance to major diseases and damage by European corn borer will improve grain quality and productivity of newly developed maize hybrids. Highly resistant, resistant and medium resistant to diseases hybrids were identified, which can be recommended for state variety testing: to Fusarium pathogen – 52, 97 and 92 (80.5 %) hybrids, bacteriosis – 143, 106, 38 (95.9 %), white smut – 190, 59, 34 (94.8 %), boil smut – 279, 8, 10 (99.3 %), respectively, and to damage by European corn borer: highest resistant (damage 0–5 %) – 172, high resistant (6–15 %) – 75, and medium resistant (damage 16–25 %) – 35 (94.3 %) hybrids. Conclusion. As a result of multi-year research, a number of maize hybrids, which are characterized by resistance to major diseases and pests and high yielding properties (9.2 t/ha), were bred by the Bukovyna State Agricultural Experimental Station of the Institute of Agriculture in the Carpathian Region of NAAS in co-authorship with breeders of the Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS., Thus, 77 maize hybrids have high resistance to damage by European corn borer, 8 hybrids were distinguished by high resistance to the pathogen of boil smut. In addition, 97 maize hybrids were resistant to Fusarium pathogen. The implementation of these hybrids in production will significantly improve the maize yield in the southwestern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. For the second year, the early ripe hybrid (FAO 180) DB Tyras, created in co-authorship with the State Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS, is undergoing state variety testing. The hybrid is characterized by high resistance to pathogens of Fusarium, boil smut, the potential yield of which is 13.5 t/ha. Key words: hybrid, maize, natural background, disease, pest, resistance, injury, damage
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乌克兰西南森林草原条件下玉米杂交种对主要病虫害的抗性评价
时事性。对选育材料(玉米杂交种(Zea mays L.))在自然背景下主要病害镰刀菌病(fusarium (F. moniliformme J. Sheld)、细菌病(Bacillus mesentericus-vulgatus Flugge)、白锈病(non-寄生性病害)、玉米黑穗病(Ustilago zeae (Beskm.))进行了植物病理学评价。Unger))给出。测定了欧洲玉米螟(Ostrinia nubilalis Hb)对玉米杂种的危害。目的。我们的研究目的是在乌克兰西南部森林草原的条件下对玉米新杂交种进行抗主要病虫害的综合评价。方法。在喀尔巴阡地区农业研究所布科维纳国家农业实验站的农田上,按照普遍接受的田间试验方法、系统的建议和手册进行了NAAS选择性轮作的研究。对299个玉米杂交种进行了抗性评价,其中竞争品种试验125个,预备品种试验174个。早熟杂交种以Pochayivskyi 190 MV和DB Lada为对照标准,中早熟杂交种以Orzhytsia 237 MV和DB Khotyn为对照标准。早熟杂交种包括在FAO 180-199中,中早熟杂交种包括在FAO 200-299中。结果。根据杂交品种对欧洲玉米螟主要病害和危害的抗性进行抽样,将提高新开发的玉米杂交种的籽粒品质和产量。高度耐药,耐药和介质抵抗疾病混合动力车,可以推荐给国家各种测试:镰刀菌素病原体——52岁,97年和92年(80.5%)混合动力车,细菌病- 143,106年38(95.9%)、白色煤尘- 190,59岁,34(94.8%)、煮煤尘- 279,8日,10(99.3%),分别由欧洲玉米螟和破坏:最高耐(损害0 - 5 %)- 172,高耐药(6 - %)- 75,和耐介质(第16 - 25伤害%)- 35(94.3%)混合动力车。结论。经过多年的研究,国家农业科学院喀尔巴阡地区农业研究所布科维纳国家农业实验站与国家农业科学院粮食作物研究所的育种人员合作,培育了一批具有抗主要病虫害和高产特性(9.2吨/公顷)的玉米杂交种。结果表明,77个玉米杂交种对欧洲玉米螟具有较高的抗性,8个杂交种对煮黑穗病具有较高的抗性。此外,97个玉米杂交种对镰刀菌有抗性。这些杂交品种在生产中的应用将显著提高乌克兰西南部森林草原的玉米产量。与国家农业科学院国家粮食作物研究所合作培育的早熟杂交品种(FAO 180) DB Tyras已连续第二年进入国家品种试验阶段。该杂交品种对镰刀菌、煮黑穗病具有较高的抗性,潜在产量为13.5 t/ hm2。关键词:杂交种,玉米,自然背景,病虫害,抗性,伤害,损害
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Evaluation of maize hybrids for resistance to major diseases and pests in the conditions of the southwestern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine The effectiveness of the growth regulators and microfertilizers in fertilization of maize in the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine Evaluation of source material for sweet maize by the main breeding characteristics Evaluation of sainfoin (Onobrychis) in the source material nursery according to new selection criteria at the initial stages of organogenesis Pathogenic complex and recovery of cereal agrocenoses in the Steppe of Ukraine
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