L. Tomash, I. S. Mikuliak, M. I. Linskaia, G. Kozak
Topicality. The results of phytopathological evaluation of breeding material (the maize hybrids (Zea mays L.)) against the natural background of the main diseases fusarium (Fusarium (F. moniliforme J. Sheld), bacteriosis (Bacillus mesentericus-vulgatus Flugge), white rust (non-parasitic disease), boil smut (Ustilago zeae (Beskm.) Unger)) are given. The damage of corn hybrids by the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hb) was determined. Purpose. Our research was aimed to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of new maize hybrids for resistance to major diseases and pests in the conditions of the southwestern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The studies was conducted on the fields of Bukovyna State Agricultural Experimental Station of Institute of Agriculture in Carpathian region NAAS in selective crop rotation of NAAS according to generally accepted methods of field experiments, methodical recommendations and handbooks. The resistance of 299 maize hybrids was evaluated, including 125 hybrids in the competitive variety trial and 174 in the preliminary variety trial. Pochayivskyi 190 MV and DB Lada hybrids were used as a standard for comparing early-ripening hybrids, and Orzhytsia 237 MV and DB Khotyn hybrids were used as a standard for comparing mid-early hybrids. Early-ripening hybrids are included in the FAO 180–199, and mid-early hybrids – in the FAO 200–299. Results. Sampling based on hybrids resistance to major diseases and damage by European corn borer will improve grain quality and productivity of newly developed maize hybrids. Highly resistant, resistant and medium resistant to diseases hybrids were identified, which can be recommended for state variety testing: to Fusarium pathogen – 52, 97 and 92 (80.5 %) hybrids, bacteriosis – 143, 106, 38 (95.9 %), white smut – 190, 59, 34 (94.8 %), boil smut – 279, 8, 10 (99.3 %), respectively, and to damage by European corn borer: highest resistant (damage 0–5 %) – 172, high resistant (6–15 %) – 75, and medium resistant (damage 16–25 %) – 35 (94.3 %) hybrids. Conclusion. As a result of multi-year research, a number of maize hybrids, which are characterized by resistance to major diseases and pests and high yielding properties (9.2 t/ha), were bred by the Bukovyna State Agricultural Experimental Station of the Institute of Agriculture in the Carpathian Region of NAAS in co-authorship with breeders of the Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS., Thus, 77 maize hybrids have high resistance to damage by European corn borer, 8 hybrids were distinguished by high resistance to the pathogen of boil smut. In addition, 97 maize hybrids were resistant to Fusarium pathogen. The implementation of these hybrids in production will significantly improve the maize yield in the southwestern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. For the second year, the early ripe hybrid (FAO 180) DB Tyras, created in co-authorship with the State Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS, is undergoing state variety testing. The hybrid is characterized by hig
{"title":"Evaluation of maize hybrids for resistance to major diseases and pests in the conditions of the southwestern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine","authors":"L. Tomash, I. S. Mikuliak, M. I. Linskaia, G. Kozak","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0231","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. The results of phytopathological evaluation of breeding material (the maize hybrids (Zea mays L.)) against the natural background of the main diseases fusarium (Fusarium (F. moniliforme J. Sheld), bacteriosis (Bacillus mesentericus-vulgatus Flugge), white rust (non-parasitic disease), boil smut (Ustilago zeae (Beskm.) Unger)) are given. The damage of corn hybrids by the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hb) was determined. Purpose. Our research was aimed to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of new maize hybrids for resistance to major diseases and pests in the conditions of the southwestern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The studies was conducted on the fields of Bukovyna State Agricultural Experimental Station of Institute of Agriculture in Carpathian region NAAS in selective crop rotation of NAAS according to generally accepted methods of field experiments, methodical recommendations and handbooks. The resistance of 299 maize hybrids was evaluated, including 125 hybrids in the competitive variety trial and 174 in the preliminary variety trial. Pochayivskyi 190 MV and DB Lada hybrids were used as a standard for comparing early-ripening hybrids, and Orzhytsia 237 MV and DB Khotyn hybrids were used as a standard for comparing mid-early hybrids. Early-ripening hybrids are included in the FAO 180–199, and mid-early hybrids – in the FAO 200–299. Results. Sampling based on hybrids resistance to major diseases and damage by European corn borer will improve grain quality and productivity of newly developed maize hybrids. Highly resistant, resistant and medium resistant to diseases hybrids were identified, which can be recommended for state variety testing: to Fusarium pathogen – 52, 97 and 92 (80.5 %) hybrids, bacteriosis – 143, 106, 38 (95.9 %), white smut – 190, 59, 34 (94.8 %), boil smut – 279, 8, 10 (99.3 %), respectively, and to damage by European corn borer: highest resistant (damage 0–5 %) – 172, high resistant (6–15 %) – 75, and medium resistant (damage 16–25 %) – 35 (94.3 %) hybrids. Conclusion. As a result of multi-year research, a number of maize hybrids, which are characterized by resistance to major diseases and pests and high yielding properties (9.2 t/ha), were bred by the Bukovyna State Agricultural Experimental Station of the Institute of Agriculture in the Carpathian Region of NAAS in co-authorship with breeders of the Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS., Thus, 77 maize hybrids have high resistance to damage by European corn borer, 8 hybrids were distinguished by high resistance to the pathogen of boil smut. In addition, 97 maize hybrids were resistant to Fusarium pathogen. The implementation of these hybrids in production will significantly improve the maize yield in the southwestern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. For the second year, the early ripe hybrid (FAO 180) DB Tyras, created in co-authorship with the State Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS, is undergoing state variety testing. The hybrid is characterized by hig","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72964867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Haidash, B. V. Dziubetsky, V. Cherchel, L. O. Musatova
Topicality. The sweet maize grain differs from other maize subspecies in its high sugar content: the grain accumulates 2 times more mono- and disaccharides, 20 times more dextrins, and almost 2 times less starch, with a crude protein content of 10.4–14.9 %. The main direction of sweet maize breeding is to develop the high-yielding interline hybrids that are suitable for mechanized harvesting of cobs, and resistant to main diseases and pests, as well as characterized by high technological grain qualities. To effectively solve these challenges, it is necessary to know the morphological and biological characteristics and properly select the source material (self-pollinated lines). Purpose. To study of morphological and biological characteristics of sweet maize lines. Materials and methods. Visual phenological observations; laboratory-field method was used to determine morpho-biological characteristics of plants; measuring and weighing method – to determine yield and metric characteristics of plants; mathematical and statistical method - to determinate validity of results, variability of traits, correlational dependence of traits; analysis of variance; comprehensive assessment of morpho-biological and economically valuable characteristics of inbred lines. Results. According to analysis of sugar composition, the studied samples revealed a high content of monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, etc.) in the lines HOL-1 1411111, HOL-1 1411211, DKS346 114, DINAR346 141, HOL-19 and disaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose) in HOL-1 1411211, SVAN1212 123, HOL-19. These indicators are important in the deep processing of sweet maize for the food industry an individual product and as one of the components in the culinary products. These mono- and disaccharides are used to produce sweets, sweet or alcoholic drinks and sauces. The following DINAR346 141, HOL-1 1411511 lines had a low level of sucrose content: 3.7 and 4.6 %, respectively. Conclusions. According to the results of research on the breeding material of sweet maize, it was identified the self-pollinated families with high taste qualities (7 points), such as HOL-1 1411111, HOL-1 1411211, DKS346 114, HOL-4 1411141 and HOL-19, which will be involved to develop competitive high-yielding hybrids with a high sugar content in grain, increased taste and technological qualities in the sweet maize breeding programs in the future. Key words: sweet corn, line, sugar content, seed productivity, grain taste
{"title":"Evaluation of source material for sweet maize by the main breeding characteristics","authors":"O. Haidash, B. V. Dziubetsky, V. Cherchel, L. O. Musatova","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0230","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. The sweet maize grain differs from other maize subspecies in its high sugar content: the grain accumulates 2 times more mono- and disaccharides, 20 times more dextrins, and almost 2 times less starch, with a crude protein content of 10.4–14.9 %. The main direction of sweet maize breeding is to develop the high-yielding interline hybrids that are suitable for mechanized harvesting of cobs, and resistant to main diseases and pests, as well as characterized by high technological grain qualities. To effectively solve these challenges, it is necessary to know the morphological and biological characteristics and properly select the source material (self-pollinated lines). Purpose. To study of morphological and biological characteristics of sweet maize lines. Materials and methods. Visual phenological observations; laboratory-field method was used to determine morpho-biological characteristics of plants; measuring and weighing method – to determine yield and metric characteristics of plants; mathematical and statistical method - to determinate validity of results, variability of traits, correlational dependence of traits; analysis of variance; comprehensive assessment of morpho-biological and economically valuable characteristics of inbred lines. Results. According to analysis of sugar composition, the studied samples revealed a high content of monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, etc.) in the lines HOL-1 1411111, HOL-1 1411211, DKS346 114, DINAR346 141, HOL-19 and disaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose) in HOL-1 1411211, SVAN1212 123, HOL-19. These indicators are important in the deep processing of sweet maize for the food industry an individual product and as one of the components in the culinary products. These mono- and disaccharides are used to produce sweets, sweet or alcoholic drinks and sauces. The following DINAR346 141, HOL-1 1411511 lines had a low level of sucrose content: 3.7 and 4.6 %, respectively. Conclusions. According to the results of research on the breeding material of sweet maize, it was identified the self-pollinated families with high taste qualities (7 points), such as HOL-1 1411111, HOL-1 1411211, DKS346 114, HOL-4 1411141 and HOL-19, which will be involved to develop competitive high-yielding hybrids with a high sugar content in grain, increased taste and technological qualities in the sweet maize breeding programs in the future. Key words: sweet corn, line, sugar content, seed productivity, grain taste","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74801841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 2016–2018, the promising maize lines (FAO 290–399) of the Golden West Seed Bulgaria Ltd. breeding company, containing more than 50 % of the plasm of the Iodent heterotic group and 6 testers, mainly of the Lancaster group, were evaluated. It was established that the lines GW59024 and GWC06021 (Iodent heterotic group) are the most suitable as recurrent parents in new breeding programs for intensive and drought tolerant hybrids. Among the testers of the Lancaster heterotic group, the most interesting were GW59008, which showed the highest general combining ability in favorable years for maize development, and GW57010, which had a very high general combining ability in all three years of research. Keywords: maize; lines and hybrids; combining ability on grain yield
{"title":"Research of combining ability of mid-early maize lines","authors":"K. Tzoneva","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0232","url":null,"abstract":"In 2016–2018, the promising maize lines (FAO 290–399) of the Golden West Seed Bulgaria Ltd. breeding company, containing more than 50 % of the plasm of the Iodent heterotic group and 6 testers, mainly of the Lancaster group, were evaluated. It was established that the lines GW59024 and GWC06021 (Iodent heterotic group) are the most suitable as recurrent parents in new breeding programs for intensive and drought tolerant hybrids. Among the testers of the Lancaster heterotic group, the most interesting were GW59008, which showed the highest general combining ability in favorable years for maize development, and GW57010, which had a very high general combining ability in all three years of research. Keywords: maize; lines and hybrids; combining ability on grain yield","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80820797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Topicality. Nowadays, the relevant issue is the influence of predecessors on the grain productivity for the modern varieties of winter rye depending on the sowing dates and mineral nutrition, the study of which allows to reveal the biological potential of plants to a fuller extent and to significantly increase the yield of this crop in the Northern Steppe zone of Ukraine. Purpose. To study features for formation of grain productivity of modern winter rye varieties depending on the predecessors against the background of different sowing dates and the level of mineral nutrition in the soil and climatic conditions of the Northern Steppe. Materials and Methods. In the 2018–2021, the studies were conducted on the basis of Experimental Farm “Dnipro” of State Enterprise Institute of Grain Crops NAAS in four-factor field trial. Winter rye of Pamiat Khudoierka and Stoir varieties were sown after spring barley and sunflower against the background of different levels of mineral nutrition of plants in three terms: early (September 5–10), optimal (September 20–25) and late (October 5–10). Results. According to the research results, a significant influence of predecessors on the winter rye yield was established. The highest level of yield was obtained for the Stoir variety, which was sown in the period from 20 to 25 September. At the same time, on average over the years of research, the highest yield was observed in variants with nitrogen feeding plants on freeze-thawed soil: after spring barley – 6.47 t/ha, after sunflower – 5.03 t/ha. The Pamiat Khudoierka variety also provided the highest yield in these variants of the experiment – 6.17 and 4.72 t/ha, respectively. However, the difference in yield between varieties, taking into account the maximum indicator, depending on the predecessors was respectively 0.30 and 0.31 t/ha. Conclusions. Conclusions. According to the results of the research, it was found that sowing of winter rye after spring barley and sunflower in the most optimal terms, namely September 20–25, and the applying 45 kg a.i./ha nitrogen in early spring, ensured the formation of the highest yield in the Stoir variety, which was 6.47 and 5.03 t/ha, respectively. Keywords: winter rye, predecessor, varieties, sowing dates, feeding crops, yield
{"title":"Effectiveness of predecessors at growing winter rye (Secale Cerealе L.) in the conditions of Northern Steppe of Ukraine","authors":"Yu. V. Bezsusidnia","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0241","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. Nowadays, the relevant issue is the influence of predecessors on the grain productivity for the modern varieties of winter rye depending on the sowing dates and mineral nutrition, the study of which allows to reveal the biological potential of plants to a fuller extent and to significantly increase the yield of this crop in the Northern Steppe zone of Ukraine. Purpose. To study features for formation of grain productivity of modern winter rye varieties depending on the predecessors against the background of different sowing dates and the level of mineral nutrition in the soil and climatic conditions of the Northern Steppe. Materials and Methods. In the 2018–2021, the studies were conducted on the basis of Experimental Farm “Dnipro” of State Enterprise Institute of Grain Crops NAAS in four-factor field trial. Winter rye of Pamiat Khudoierka and Stoir varieties were sown after spring barley and sunflower against the background of different levels of mineral nutrition of plants in three terms: early (September 5–10), optimal (September 20–25) and late (October 5–10). Results. According to the research results, a significant influence of predecessors on the winter rye yield was established. The highest level of yield was obtained for the Stoir variety, which was sown in the period from 20 to 25 September. At the same time, on average over the years of research, the highest yield was observed in variants with nitrogen feeding plants on freeze-thawed soil: after spring barley – 6.47 t/ha, after sunflower – 5.03 t/ha. The Pamiat Khudoierka variety also provided the highest yield in these variants of the experiment – 6.17 and 4.72 t/ha, respectively. However, the difference in yield between varieties, taking into account the maximum indicator, depending on the predecessors was respectively 0.30 and 0.31 t/ha. Conclusions. Conclusions. According to the results of the research, it was found that sowing of winter rye after spring barley and sunflower in the most optimal terms, namely September 20–25, and the applying 45 kg a.i./ha nitrogen in early spring, ensured the formation of the highest yield in the Stoir variety, which was 6.47 and 5.03 t/ha, respectively. Keywords: winter rye, predecessor, varieties, sowing dates, feeding crops, yield","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"25 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91441823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Topicality. Today, in the context of environmental and economic crises in the world, attention to the use of the potential of agroecosystems and minimization of the pesticide and agrochemicals load has increased. For this purpose, the use of environmentally safe plant growth stimulants and the latest microfertilizers is one of the most promising methods in crop production. Scientific substantiation and adaptation to the soil and climatic conditions of a particular growing zone, as well as studying the impact of bioactive products on varietal characteristics of the crop are needed to improve the environmentally safe technology of soybean cultivation. Purpose. For increase of productivity by 15–20 % and biologization of crop cultivation , it is necessary to determine the best variants of combining mineral fertilization with foliar dressing, seed and crops treatment with bioactive products for soybean varieties. Methods. Field method, quantitative-weight, laboratory, mathematical and statistical methods was used. Results. We determined that the activity of nitrogen-fixing symbioses formation on soybean largely depends on the method of treatment with bioactive substances, in particular, stimulants of Vympel brand and Orakul microfertilizer. When processing soybeans with biologically active drugs, the mass of nodules increases much more intensively than their number. The increase in the mass of bubbles was up to 50.7 % in the Diadema Podillia variety and up to 60.8 % – in the Samorodok variety. The application of the investigated methods of seed treatment and foliar dressing ensured an increase in the soybean seed yield of the Diadema Podillia variety by 4.4–42.7 %, and of the Samorodok variety by 4.7–44.4 %, depending on the level of mineral nutrition. Conclusions. Growth stimulants of Vympel brand and Orakul microfertilizers are effective for increasing yields, enhancing nitrogen fixation soybean. The use of bioactive products can serve as an important element of economic and environmentally safe technologies for growing soybeans, which can reduce the impact of stress factors on plants, in particular, the lack of fertilizers. Key words: soybean, nitrogen-fixing activity, microfertilizers, growth stimulants, soybean yield
{"title":"Influence of bioactive products on nitrogen fixation and yield of soybean at different levels of mineral nutrition","authors":"O. Vlasiuk, L. Kvasnitska","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0236","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. Today, in the context of environmental and economic crises in the world, attention to the use of the potential of agroecosystems and minimization of the pesticide and agrochemicals load has increased. For this purpose, the use of environmentally safe plant growth stimulants and the latest microfertilizers is one of the most promising methods in crop production. Scientific substantiation and adaptation to the soil and climatic conditions of a particular growing zone, as well as studying the impact of bioactive products on varietal characteristics of the crop are needed to improve the environmentally safe technology of soybean cultivation. Purpose. For increase of productivity by 15–20 % and biologization of crop cultivation , it is necessary to determine the best variants of combining mineral fertilization with foliar dressing, seed and crops treatment with bioactive products for soybean varieties. Methods. Field method, quantitative-weight, laboratory, mathematical and statistical methods was used. Results. We determined that the activity of nitrogen-fixing symbioses formation on soybean largely depends on the method of treatment with bioactive substances, in particular, stimulants of Vympel brand and Orakul microfertilizer. When processing soybeans with biologically active drugs, the mass of nodules increases much more intensively than their number. The increase in the mass of bubbles was up to 50.7 % in the Diadema Podillia variety and up to 60.8 % – in the Samorodok variety. The application of the investigated methods of seed treatment and foliar dressing ensured an increase in the soybean seed yield of the Diadema Podillia variety by 4.4–42.7 %, and of the Samorodok variety by 4.7–44.4 %, depending on the level of mineral nutrition. Conclusions. Growth stimulants of Vympel brand and Orakul microfertilizers are effective for increasing yields, enhancing nitrogen fixation soybean. The use of bioactive products can serve as an important element of economic and environmentally safe technologies for growing soybeans, which can reduce the impact of stress factors on plants, in particular, the lack of fertilizers. Key words: soybean, nitrogen-fixing activity, microfertilizers, growth stimulants, soybean yield","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84284045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Topicality. Global warming requires the search for effective predecessors and doses of nitrogen fertilizers to obtain stable yields of high quality winter wheat grain. Purpose. To study the influence of the grain legume predecessor (peas) on the yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and establish the optimal dose of nitrogen fertilizers for the biologization of its cultivation. Methods. Long-term field and analytical. Results. The data of researches on the influence of legume predecessor (peas) and doses of nitrogen fertilizers on the productivity of winter wheat are given. It was found that the legume predecessor (peas) and nitrogen fertilizers significantly increased the yield and quality of winter wheat grain. It was defined that increasing the dose of nitrogen fertilizers for winter wheat from 40 to 80 kg/ha on both predecessors was effective. Conclusions. The application of N80P60K60 for winter wheat in the crop rotation link with peas provided the highest grain yield – 5.42 t/ha with an excess to the control without fertilizers by 1.02 t/ha. Under the predecessor (meadow fescue), the application of N80P60K60 decreased grain yield by 1.03 t/ha. It was found that an increase in the nitrogen fertilizer dose from 40 to 80 kg/ha for winter wheat was more effective in the peas link – grain yield increased by 0.56 t/ha, while in the meadow fescue link – by 0.38 t/ha. A clear correlation between dose of nitrogen fertilizers and winter wheat grain yield was established: with the coefficient of determination in the meadow fescue link – 0.9999, the peas link – 0.9966. The plowing of pea straw under winter wheat against the background of the dose of mineral fertilizers N60P60K60 was determined to be effective; the grain yield increased by 0.23 t/ha compared to the application of mineral fertilizers alone, with an absolute indicator of 5.36 t/ha. The application of mineral fertilizers in both links increased the growth of stem mass, ensuring the straw yield in the peas link by 0.4–0.7 t/ha higher than in the meadow fescue link. Under peas as a predecessor, the quality of winter wheat grain has significantly improved. In the control without fertilizers, the protein content in wheat grain after peas was 11.4 %, after meadow fescue – 11.0 %; for the application of a dose of N40P60K60 fertilizers – 11.8 % and 11.4 %, respectively; N60P60K60 – 12.0 % and 11.5 %, N90P60K60 – 12.1 % and 11.7 %. Due to the legume predecessor (peas), the protein content in the grain increased by 0.4–0.5 % compared to the meadow fescue as a predecessor. Key words: nitrogen, predecessor, peas, productivity, winter wheat
{"title":"Influence of nitrogen fertilizers and predecessors on the productivity of winter wheat","authors":"V. Ivanina, I. M. Korotenko","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0238","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. Global warming requires the search for effective predecessors and doses of nitrogen fertilizers to obtain stable yields of high quality winter wheat grain. Purpose. To study the influence of the grain legume predecessor (peas) on the yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and establish the optimal dose of nitrogen fertilizers for the biologization of its cultivation. Methods. Long-term field and analytical. Results. The data of researches on the influence of legume predecessor (peas) and doses of nitrogen fertilizers on the productivity of winter wheat are given. It was found that the legume predecessor (peas) and nitrogen fertilizers significantly increased the yield and quality of winter wheat grain. It was defined that increasing the dose of nitrogen fertilizers for winter wheat from 40 to 80 kg/ha on both predecessors was effective. Conclusions. The application of N80P60K60 for winter wheat in the crop rotation link with peas provided the highest grain yield – 5.42 t/ha with an excess to the control without fertilizers by 1.02 t/ha. Under the predecessor (meadow fescue), the application of N80P60K60 decreased grain yield by 1.03 t/ha. It was found that an increase in the nitrogen fertilizer dose from 40 to 80 kg/ha for winter wheat was more effective in the peas link – grain yield increased by 0.56 t/ha, while in the meadow fescue link – by 0.38 t/ha. A clear correlation between dose of nitrogen fertilizers and winter wheat grain yield was established: with the coefficient of determination in the meadow fescue link – 0.9999, the peas link – 0.9966. The plowing of pea straw under winter wheat against the background of the dose of mineral fertilizers N60P60K60 was determined to be effective; the grain yield increased by 0.23 t/ha compared to the application of mineral fertilizers alone, with an absolute indicator of 5.36 t/ha. The application of mineral fertilizers in both links increased the growth of stem mass, ensuring the straw yield in the peas link by 0.4–0.7 t/ha higher than in the meadow fescue link. Under peas as a predecessor, the quality of winter wheat grain has significantly improved. In the control without fertilizers, the protein content in wheat grain after peas was 11.4 %, after meadow fescue – 11.0 %; for the application of a dose of N40P60K60 fertilizers – 11.8 % and 11.4 %, respectively; N60P60K60 – 12.0 % and 11.5 %, N90P60K60 – 12.1 % and 11.7 %. Due to the legume predecessor (peas), the protein content in the grain increased by 0.4–0.5 % compared to the meadow fescue as a predecessor. Key words: nitrogen, predecessor, peas, productivity, winter wheat","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82578975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"To the 120th anniversary of the birth of Fedir Yevdokymovych Nemliienko (1902–1988)","authors":"L. M. Bilokon","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0249","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90385009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
А. I. Horbatenko, V. Sudak, I. I. Hasanova, V. Chaban, V. L. Matiukha, S. Semenov
Topicality. Clean fallow is a reliable means of drought control, increasing productivity and sustainability of Steppe agriculture. At the same time, a fallow remains the most vulnerable field of the crop rotation, which requires perfect methods of maintenance that can counteract erosion processes, prevent humus losses, and improve the moisture availability of wheat. Purpose. To determine the soil protection and agrotechnical effectiveness of early fallow (sunflower, stubble, maize) when growing winter wheat in the conditions of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. Materials and methods. The primary tillage of clean fallow was carried out with heavy cultivators, combined units, and plows. The erodible resistance of chernozem was assessed by field modeling and hydrological methods, to frost heaving – by soil lumpiness and the amount of post-harvest residues. The water-physical properties of the arable layer were determined in accordance with generally accepted methodical recommendations, the yield – by direct harvesting, and the grain quality – in accordance with DSTU 3768:2019. Results. It was established that maintaining arable land according to the early fallow scheme contributes the soil deflation and erosion control. At the same time, the migration of fine soil outside the field does not exceed 1.5–4.3 t/ha per year. The introduction of early fallow after cereals and row crops contributes to additionally accumulate productive soil moisture in the amount of 130–150 m3/ha compared to the control (plowing 25–27 cm) and restore moisture reserves for the spring tillering of wheat plants (207–221 mm or 86–92 % of the ultimate field water capacity, 0-150 cm layer). On sloping lands, the two-phase tillage of early fallow is preferable, which includes strip loosening to 40–45 cm depth in late autumn and shallow loosening to 14–16 cm depth in spring. In terms of productivity of winter crops, early fallows are not inferior to fall tillage. On the plains, the best variant of fallow maintenance was variant, which combines mulching with the cultivation of cover crops, on the slopes – with soil slitting. When involving all by-products of predecessors in the cycle, it is advisable to feed plants with nitrogen fertilizers in the spring with a dose of N30-60. The application of mineral nitrogen provided an average wheat yield on early fallow at the level of 5.52–6.66 t/ha and food grain with a protein content of 11.5–11.9%, gluten - 22.6–24.6%. Conclusions. Maintaining arable land according to early fallow scheme reliably protects the soil from erosion and ensures the restoration of productive moisture reserves to the level of 86–92% of the ultimate field moisture capacity in the second year. According to the wheat grain yield, spring tillage (12–16 cm) was not inferior to autumn plowing (25–27 cm). The effectiveness of early fallows is enhanced by soil slitting, cultivation of post-harvest (cover) crops, optimization of nitrogen nutrition of plants. Key words: earl
{"title":"Effectiveness of early fallow on Steppe chernozems","authors":"А. I. Horbatenko, V. Sudak, I. I. Hasanova, V. Chaban, V. L. Matiukha, S. Semenov","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0247","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. Clean fallow is a reliable means of drought control, increasing productivity and sustainability of Steppe agriculture. At the same time, a fallow remains the most vulnerable field of the crop rotation, which requires perfect methods of maintenance that can counteract erosion processes, prevent humus losses, and improve the moisture availability of wheat. Purpose. To determine the soil protection and agrotechnical effectiveness of early fallow (sunflower, stubble, maize) when growing winter wheat in the conditions of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. Materials and methods. The primary tillage of clean fallow was carried out with heavy cultivators, combined units, and plows. The erodible resistance of chernozem was assessed by field modeling and hydrological methods, to frost heaving – by soil lumpiness and the amount of post-harvest residues. The water-physical properties of the arable layer were determined in accordance with generally accepted methodical recommendations, the yield – by direct harvesting, and the grain quality – in accordance with DSTU 3768:2019. Results. It was established that maintaining arable land according to the early fallow scheme contributes the soil deflation and erosion control. At the same time, the migration of fine soil outside the field does not exceed 1.5–4.3 t/ha per year. The introduction of early fallow after cereals and row crops contributes to additionally accumulate productive soil moisture in the amount of 130–150 m3/ha compared to the control (plowing 25–27 cm) and restore moisture reserves for the spring tillering of wheat plants (207–221 mm or 86–92 % of the ultimate field water capacity, 0-150 cm layer). On sloping lands, the two-phase tillage of early fallow is preferable, which includes strip loosening to 40–45 cm depth in late autumn and shallow loosening to 14–16 cm depth in spring. In terms of productivity of winter crops, early fallows are not inferior to fall tillage. On the plains, the best variant of fallow maintenance was variant, which combines mulching with the cultivation of cover crops, on the slopes – with soil slitting. When involving all by-products of predecessors in the cycle, it is advisable to feed plants with nitrogen fertilizers in the spring with a dose of N30-60. The application of mineral nitrogen provided an average wheat yield on early fallow at the level of 5.52–6.66 t/ha and food grain with a protein content of 11.5–11.9%, gluten - 22.6–24.6%. Conclusions. Maintaining arable land according to early fallow scheme reliably protects the soil from erosion and ensures the restoration of productive moisture reserves to the level of 86–92% of the ultimate field moisture capacity in the second year. According to the wheat grain yield, spring tillage (12–16 cm) was not inferior to autumn plowing (25–27 cm). The effectiveness of early fallows is enhanced by soil slitting, cultivation of post-harvest (cover) crops, optimization of nitrogen nutrition of plants. Key words: earl","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80621123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Topicality. These researches are due to the grain storage problem, the features of maize grain storage in metal silos under the various environmental factors, as well as more efficient using the material and technical facilities, including the grain storages of new generation. Purpose. To establish the types of grain storage facilities that are most appropriate for storing the yield of different crops, to improve metal silos and maize grain storage technologies. Materials and Methods. During experiments on maize grain storage, we used the metal silo equipped with a system of sensors to measure the temperature in different places of grain heap. We studied two models of grain storages, such as a standard construction (control) and an experimental one thermal isolated with a polyurethane layer. During the storage experiment, grain quality was monitored on grain moisture content, dockage, damage and germination. Results. Different types of grain storage facilities storing main volume of grain harvest were characterized; the technical, economic and technological advantages and disadvantages of grain storage were highlighted; directions for further development are outlined. The features of maize grain storage in the metal silos under influence of external meteorological conditions for 60 day were established. Temperature fluctuations were 7.1–13 °С in grain storage with thermal insulation, 4.5–25.9 °С – without insulation. As a result of significant temperature fluctuations, the grain was moistened by 2.2 %, its acidity increased by 1 degree, germination decreased by 7 %. At the stage of preparation for storage, maize grain should be cleaned to purity of 93–97 % by removing grain impurities. An effective method for this is fractional separation of grain. Conclusions. Thermal insulation of metal silos significantly reduces the negative impact of fluctuations in ambient air temperature, stabilizes the storage mode, and ensures high quality maize grain. The stability of grain during storage increases in the case of selection from it a fraction of grain of small, unfilled, with a low 1000 grain weight. Key words: types of grain storage facilities, metal silo, thermal insulation, maize, quality, cleaning grain before storage
{"title":"State and development of grain storage engineering and technologies in Ukraine","authors":"М. Y. Kyrpa","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0234","url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. These researches are due to the grain storage problem, the features of maize grain storage in metal silos under the various environmental factors, as well as more efficient using the material and technical facilities, including the grain storages of new generation. Purpose. To establish the types of grain storage facilities that are most appropriate for storing the yield of different crops, to improve metal silos and maize grain storage technologies. Materials and Methods. During experiments on maize grain storage, we used the metal silo equipped with a system of sensors to measure the temperature in different places of grain heap. We studied two models of grain storages, such as a standard construction (control) and an experimental one thermal isolated with a polyurethane layer. During the storage experiment, grain quality was monitored on grain moisture content, dockage, damage and germination. Results. Different types of grain storage facilities storing main volume of grain harvest were characterized; the technical, economic and technological advantages and disadvantages of grain storage were highlighted; directions for further development are outlined. The features of maize grain storage in the metal silos under influence of external meteorological conditions for 60 day were established. Temperature fluctuations were 7.1–13 °С in grain storage with thermal insulation, 4.5–25.9 °С – without insulation. As a result of significant temperature fluctuations, the grain was moistened by 2.2 %, its acidity increased by 1 degree, germination decreased by 7 %. At the stage of preparation for storage, maize grain should be cleaned to purity of 93–97 % by removing grain impurities. An effective method for this is fractional separation of grain. Conclusions. Thermal insulation of metal silos significantly reduces the negative impact of fluctuations in ambient air temperature, stabilizes the storage mode, and ensures high quality maize grain. The stability of grain during storage increases in the case of selection from it a fraction of grain of small, unfilled, with a low 1000 grain weight. Key words: types of grain storage facilities, metal silo, thermal insulation, maize, quality, cleaning grain before storage","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78371532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Lupitko, Yu. S. Bazileva, D. V. Kovalev, T. Lukianenko
{"title":"Life as creativity in the Ukrainian agrarian science","authors":"O. Lupitko, Yu. S. Bazileva, D. V. Kovalev, T. Lukianenko","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0251","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85153552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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