Public health and public law issues for the toxicological risk assessment of chemical mixtures

S. R. Vinceti, T. Filippini
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Humans are simultaneously exposed to a near-infinite number of substances of both nutritional and toxicological interest. While traditional risk assessment has been based on the evaluation of effects of single substances, real-life exposure is characterized by their combination into chemical mixtures. As consequence, the need to focus on substance interactions is of considerable relevance. From the public health point of view, factors able to modulate the kinetic and toxicity of chemicals need to be included in the assessment of health effects. Several European projects including SOLUTIONS, EuroMix, ECD-MixRisk and HBM4EU have been implemented aiming at the characterization of hazardous properties of chemical mixtures and the development of new approaches and tools for their risk assessment, including advanced statistical methodologies. From the public law point of view, the legislative status of mixtures is outlined in a still general way, with a specific focus on a few substances only, e.g. dietary exposure to pesticide residues. Although some advances have been made with the ongoing revision of CLP Regulation specifically focusing also on chemical mixtures, identification of mixtures and the regulation of their use raise relevant and challenging issues to be timely addressed within a collaboration of specialists from toxicology, public health, and public law. Moreover, given the transnational scope of the problem, risk assessment of chemical mixtures presents a valuable occasion for a comparative law approach.
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化学混合物毒理学风险评估的公共卫生和公法问题
人类同时暴露于几乎无限数量的具有营养和毒理学意义的物质。虽然传统的风险评估是基于对单一物质的影响进行评估,但现实生活中接触的特点是它们组合成化学混合物。因此,关注物质相互作用的必要性具有相当大的相关性。从公共卫生的角度来看,必须将能够调节化学品的动力学和毒性的因素列入对健康影响的评估。已经实施了几个欧洲项目,包括SOLUTIONS、EuroMix、ECD-MixRisk和HBM4EU,旨在描述化学混合物的危险特性,并开发新的风险评估方法和工具,包括先进的统计方法。从公法的角度来看,混合物的立法地位仍然是以一种笼统的方式概述的,只特别关注少数物质,例如从饮食中接触农药残留物。尽管正在进行的CLP法规修订取得了一些进展,特别关注化学混合物,但混合物的识别及其使用的监管提出了相关和具有挑战性的问题,需要在毒理学、公共卫生和公法专家的合作下及时解决。此外,鉴于这一问题的跨国范围,化学混合物的风险评估为采用比较法方法提供了一个宝贵的机会。
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