For a decade, our research group has been developing protocols to prevent and reverse chronic diseases. The present article outlines the lessons we have learned from both conducting the studies and identifying common patterns in the results. The main product of our studies is a five-step treatment protocol to reverse any chronic disease, based on the following systemic medical principle: at the present time, removal of cause is a necessary, but not necessarily sufficient, condition for restorative treatment to be effective. Implementation of the five-step treatment protocol to reverse any chronic disease is as follows: 1) Obtain a detailed medical and habit/exposure history from the patient; 2) Administer qualitative and quantitative performance and behavioral tests to assess the severity of symptoms and performance measures; 3) Administer laboratory tests (blood, urine, imaging, etc.); 4) Identify and eliminate contributing factors (CFs) to the chronic disease of interest; and 5) Implement treatments for the chronic disease of interest. This individually-tailored chronic disease treatment protocol can be implemented with the data available in the biomedical literature now. It is general and applicable to any chronic disease that has an associated substantial research literature (with the possible exceptions of individuals with strong genetic predispositions to the disease in question or who have suffered irreversible damage from the disease). To prevent any chronic disease, eliminate those factors that have been identified to contribute to the onset of the target disease. Our recent studies on common CFs between selected chronic diseases and COVID-19 show that many of the CFs that enable or exacerbate the selected chronic diseases studied also enable or exacerbate COVID-19. While further studies are required, it appears that the toxicology-based methods we have developed for preventing or reversing chronic diseases may also be applicable to preventing infectious diseases, such as COVID-19.
{"title":"Prevention and reversal of chronic diseases: A Protocol","authors":"R. Kostoff","doi":"10.18332/pht/144538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18332/pht/144538","url":null,"abstract":"For a decade, our research group has been developing protocols to prevent and reverse chronic diseases. The present article outlines the lessons we have learned from both conducting the studies and identifying common patterns in the results. The main product of our studies is a five-step treatment protocol to reverse any chronic disease, based on the following systemic medical principle: at the present time, removal of cause is a necessary, but not necessarily sufficient, condition for restorative treatment to be effective. Implementation of the five-step treatment protocol to reverse any chronic disease is as follows: 1) Obtain a detailed medical and habit/exposure history from the patient; 2) Administer qualitative and quantitative performance and behavioral tests to assess the severity of symptoms and performance measures; 3) Administer laboratory tests (blood, urine, imaging, etc.); 4) Identify and eliminate contributing factors (CFs) to the chronic disease of interest; and 5) Implement treatments for the chronic disease of interest. This individually-tailored chronic disease treatment protocol can be implemented with the data available in the biomedical literature now. It is general and applicable to any chronic disease that has an associated substantial research literature (with the possible exceptions of individuals with strong genetic predispositions to the disease in question or who have suffered irreversible damage from the disease). To prevent any chronic disease, eliminate those factors that have been identified to contribute to the onset of the target disease. Our recent studies on common CFs between selected chronic diseases and COVID-19 show that many of the CFs that enable or exacerbate the selected chronic diseases studied also enable or exacerbate COVID-19. While further studies are required, it appears that the toxicology-based methods we have developed for preventing or reversing chronic diseases may also be applicable to preventing infectious diseases, such as COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":20841,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85993268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Asumah, F. Akugri, Patricia Akanlu, Alice Taapena, F. Boateng
INTRODUCTION Malaria has threatened the lives of 3.2 billion individuals worldwide and has dire consequences on pregnant women and children. Insecticides Treated Mosquito Nets (ITNs) are the simplest way of preventing malaria. The main objective of this study was to assess the utilization of ITNs among pregnant women in the Kassena-Nankana East Municipality. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was used. The study recruited 362 pregnant women using simple random sampling technique. All statistics were performed at a 95% confidence level with p<0.05 considered significant. RESULTS Almost all (99.7%) respondents had heard about mosquito bed nets, of which 98.6% have ever seen bed nets. The majority (96.2%) of the respondents stated that ITNs could be obtained from health facilities and over 90% knew the general use of ITNs. The majority of the respondents (97.8%) had mosquito bed nets. Out of those who owned ITNs, 94.8% use them. Reasons for not using ITNs included the fact that some feel: not being necessary (26.2%), being expensive, cannot afford it (15.8%), inadequate public education (47.5%), and difficulty in accessing ITNs (10.5%). The study revealed a significant association between area of residence (χ2=3.4; p=0.04), increasing average monthly income (χ2=46.4; p<0.001), and utilization of ITNs. CONCLUSIONS There is high awareness and knowledge about ITNs. Though the majority of the participants owned ITNs, it does not translate to effective utilization of ITNs. The challenges identified in this study showed that there are still fundamental issues that require immediate attention for the effective utilization of ITNs.
{"title":"Utilization of insecticides treated mosquito bed nets among pregnant women in Kassena-Nankana East municipality in the upper east region of Ghana","authors":"M. Asumah, F. Akugri, Patricia Akanlu, Alice Taapena, F. Boateng","doi":"10.18332/pht/144533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18332/pht/144533","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION Malaria has threatened the lives of 3.2 billion individuals worldwide and has dire consequences on pregnant women and children. Insecticides Treated Mosquito Nets (ITNs) are the simplest way of preventing malaria. The main objective of this study was to assess the utilization of ITNs among pregnant women in the Kassena-Nankana East Municipality. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was used. The study recruited 362 pregnant women using simple random sampling technique. All statistics were performed at a 95% confidence level with p<0.05 considered significant. RESULTS Almost all (99.7%) respondents had heard about mosquito bed nets, of which 98.6% have ever seen bed nets. The majority (96.2%) of the respondents stated that ITNs could be obtained from health facilities and over 90% knew the general use of ITNs. The majority of the respondents (97.8%) had mosquito bed nets. Out of those who owned ITNs, 94.8% use them. Reasons for not using ITNs included the fact that some feel: not being necessary (26.2%), being expensive, cannot afford it (15.8%), inadequate public education (47.5%), and difficulty in accessing ITNs (10.5%). The study revealed a significant association between area of residence (χ2=3.4; p=0.04), increasing average monthly income (χ2=46.4; p<0.001), and utilization of ITNs. CONCLUSIONS There is high awareness and knowledge about ITNs. Though the majority of the participants owned ITNs, it does not translate to effective utilization of ITNs. The challenges identified in this study showed that there are still fundamental issues that require immediate attention for the effective utilization of ITNs.","PeriodicalId":20841,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81305857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Chemezov, M. Sutunkova, Ilzira Minigalieva, S. Klinova, I. Ryabova
INTRODUCTION Environmental pollution with heavy metals is vital issue in the present time. Lead, as one of the environmental contaminators, deserves attention due to its applicability in human activity and its xenobiotic character. METHODS In this study we used an untargeted metabolomic approach – the metabolomic fingerprinting method. Lead acetate was intraperitoneally injected to rats within the framework of a subchronical experiment and blood samples were analyzed by UHPLC-MS. Metabolite expression was qualitatively compared between treated and control groups. For substances with a significant content difference, tandem CID spectra for structure elucidation were obtained using an exact mass search by generating a list of potential formulas, by a characteristic fragments database search, using in silico mass spectra prediction, and by looking for a specific fragmentation rearrangement. RESULTS Untargeted metabolomic analysis shows 37 metabolites with significant changes in expression in comparing the control and exposure group. Annotation by the fragment spectra analysis was carried out for 8 metabolites. These include epoxy-derivative of linoleic acid, hydroxyand oxoacylcarnitines of long-chain fatty acids, 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, acylcarnitine of middlechain fatty acid and lysophosphatidylserine derivative. CONCLUSIONS Literature analysis allows to establish known functions of annotated metabolites. Connections to manifestations of lead poisoning were established. Specifically, hydroxyand oxoacylcarnitines are intermediates in the beta-oxidation process of fatty acids – increased concentration of these derivatives may be a sign of disturbances in this process under the influence of leadinduced oxidative stress. Epoxyand hydroxyderivatives of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which demonstrate elevated concentration levels possess regulatory activity (vasodynamic, antiapoptotic, and antioxidative action) on the one hand, and presumably are biomarkers of oxidative stress. Elevated levels of lysophosphatidylserine may be evidence of apoptotic process intensification.
{"title":"Blood metabolic fingerprinting of rats, subjected to subchronic lead exposure","authors":"A. Chemezov, M. Sutunkova, Ilzira Minigalieva, S. Klinova, I. Ryabova","doi":"10.18332/pht/144486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18332/pht/144486","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION Environmental pollution with heavy metals is vital issue in the present time. Lead, as one of the environmental contaminators, deserves attention due to its applicability in human activity and its xenobiotic character. METHODS In this study we used an untargeted metabolomic approach – the metabolomic fingerprinting method. Lead acetate was intraperitoneally injected to rats within the framework of a subchronical experiment and blood samples were analyzed by UHPLC-MS. Metabolite expression was qualitatively compared between treated and control groups. For substances with a significant content difference, tandem CID spectra for structure elucidation were obtained using an exact mass search by generating a list of potential formulas, by a characteristic fragments database search, using in silico mass spectra prediction, and by looking for a specific fragmentation rearrangement. RESULTS Untargeted metabolomic analysis shows 37 metabolites with significant changes in expression in comparing the control and exposure group. Annotation by the fragment spectra analysis was carried out for 8 metabolites. These include epoxy-derivative of linoleic acid, hydroxyand oxoacylcarnitines of long-chain fatty acids, 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, acylcarnitine of middlechain fatty acid and lysophosphatidylserine derivative. CONCLUSIONS Literature analysis allows to establish known functions of annotated metabolites. Connections to manifestations of lead poisoning were established. Specifically, hydroxyand oxoacylcarnitines are intermediates in the beta-oxidation process of fatty acids – increased concentration of these derivatives may be a sign of disturbances in this process under the influence of leadinduced oxidative stress. Epoxyand hydroxyderivatives of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which demonstrate elevated concentration levels possess regulatory activity (vasodynamic, antiapoptotic, and antioxidative action) on the one hand, and presumably are biomarkers of oxidative stress. Elevated levels of lysophosphatidylserine may be evidence of apoptotic process intensification.","PeriodicalId":20841,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74242542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Humans are simultaneously exposed to a near-infinite number of substances of both nutritional and toxicological interest. While traditional risk assessment has been based on the evaluation of effects of single substances, real-life exposure is characterized by their combination into chemical mixtures. As consequence, the need to focus on substance interactions is of considerable relevance. From the public health point of view, factors able to modulate the kinetic and toxicity of chemicals need to be included in the assessment of health effects. Several European projects including SOLUTIONS, EuroMix, ECD-MixRisk and HBM4EU have been implemented aiming at the characterization of hazardous properties of chemical mixtures and the development of new approaches and tools for their risk assessment, including advanced statistical methodologies. From the public law point of view, the legislative status of mixtures is outlined in a still general way, with a specific focus on a few substances only, e.g. dietary exposure to pesticide residues. Although some advances have been made with the ongoing revision of CLP Regulation specifically focusing also on chemical mixtures, identification of mixtures and the regulation of their use raise relevant and challenging issues to be timely addressed within a collaboration of specialists from toxicology, public health, and public law. Moreover, given the transnational scope of the problem, risk assessment of chemical mixtures presents a valuable occasion for a comparative law approach.
{"title":"Public health and public law issues for the toxicological risk assessment of chemical mixtures","authors":"S. R. Vinceti, T. Filippini","doi":"10.18332/pht/144201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18332/pht/144201","url":null,"abstract":"Humans are simultaneously exposed to a near-infinite number of substances of both nutritional and toxicological interest. While traditional risk assessment has been based on the evaluation of effects of single substances, real-life exposure is characterized by their combination into chemical mixtures. As consequence, the need to focus on substance interactions is of considerable relevance. From the public health point of view, factors able to modulate the kinetic and toxicity of chemicals need to be included in the assessment of health effects. Several European projects including SOLUTIONS, EuroMix, ECD-MixRisk and HBM4EU have been implemented aiming at the characterization of hazardous properties of chemical mixtures and the development of new approaches and tools for their risk assessment, including advanced statistical methodologies. From the public law point of view, the legislative status of mixtures is outlined in a still general way, with a specific focus on a few substances only, e.g. dietary exposure to pesticide residues. Although some advances have been made with the ongoing revision of CLP Regulation specifically focusing also on chemical mixtures, identification of mixtures and the regulation of their use raise relevant and challenging issues to be timely addressed within a collaboration of specialists from toxicology, public health, and public law. Moreover, given the transnational scope of the problem, risk assessment of chemical mixtures presents a valuable occasion for a comparative law approach.","PeriodicalId":20841,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72980083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Microfluidic technologies for chemistry, materials science and biotechnology","authors":"J. Puigmartí‐Luis","doi":"10.18332/pht/142301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18332/pht/142301","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20841,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87901086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Kost, E. Popova, V. Tikhomirova, A. Vaneev, N. Eremeev, O. Beznos, N. Chesnokova, N. Klyachko
{"title":"Promising vehicules for intraocular drug delivery","authors":"O. Kost, E. Popova, V. Tikhomirova, A. Vaneev, N. Eremeev, O. Beznos, N. Chesnokova, N. Klyachko","doi":"10.18332/pht/142038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18332/pht/142038","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20841,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87378455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Luss, K. Kushnerev, E. Vlaskina, A. Chumakova, M. Shtilman, V. Dyatlov
{"title":"Novel synthetic bone substitute materials based on dyaldehyde dextran","authors":"A. Luss, K. Kushnerev, E. Vlaskina, A. Chumakova, M. Shtilman, V. Dyatlov","doi":"10.18332/pht/142093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18332/pht/142093","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20841,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76840647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Mavromanolaki, G. Ntina, S. Karatsali, P. Smarianaki, M. Pinto, R. Moreira, S. Pané, T. Mayor, J. Puigmartí, A. Flouris
{"title":"Evolution, gaps, and trends in the origins of innovation ecosystems","authors":"E. Mavromanolaki, G. Ntina, S. Karatsali, P. Smarianaki, M. Pinto, R. Moreira, S. Pané, T. Mayor, J. Puigmartí, A. Flouris","doi":"10.18332/pht/142303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18332/pht/142303","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20841,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82819590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Kildeeva, I. Vasilenko, V. Zakhsarova, N. Sazhnev
{"title":"Study of the influence of the surface of biopolymer chitosan fibrous and film materials on the morphofunctional state of cells","authors":"N. Kildeeva, I. Vasilenko, V. Zakhsarova, N. Sazhnev","doi":"10.18332/pht/142077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18332/pht/142077","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20841,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89615664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Kahru, K. Kasemets, I. Blinova, M. Heinlaan, O. Bondarenko, A. Khosrovyan
{"title":"Evaluation of biological effects of nanomaterials: Cost-efficient tool box and corona challenges","authors":"A. Kahru, K. Kasemets, I. Blinova, M. Heinlaan, O. Bondarenko, A. Khosrovyan","doi":"10.18332/pht/142081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18332/pht/142081","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20841,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89959608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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