Epistasis and Adaptation on Fitness Landscapes

Claudia Bank
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引用次数: 27

Abstract

Epistasis occurs when the effect of a mutation depends on its carrier's genetic background. Despite increasing evidence that epistasis for fitness is common, its role during evolution is contentious. Fitness landscapes, which are mappings of genotype or phenotype to fitness, capture the full extent and complexity of epistasis. Fitness landscape theory has shown how epistasis affects the course and the outcome of evolution. Moreover, by measuring the competitive fitness of sets of tens to thousands of connected genotypes, empirical fitness landscapes have shown that epistasis is frequent and depends on the fitness measure, the choice of mutations for the landscape, and the environment in which it was measured. In this article, I review fitness landscape theory and experiments and their implications for the role of epistasis in adaptation. I discuss theoretical expectations in the light of empirical fitness landscapes and highlight open challenges and future directions toward integrating theory and data and incorporating ecological factors. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, Volume 53 is November 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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适应性景观的上位性与适应性
上位性发生时,突变的影响取决于其携带者的遗传背景。尽管越来越多的证据表明适应上位是常见的,但它在进化中的作用是有争议的。适应度景观是基因型或表型到适应度的映射,捕捉了上位性的全部范围和复杂性。适应度景观理论揭示了上位性对进化过程和结果的影响。此外,通过测量成千上万个连接基因型的竞争适应度,经验适应度景观表明,上位性是频繁的,并且取决于适应度测量、景观突变的选择和测量环境。在本文中,我回顾了适应性景观理论和实验及其对上位在适应中的作用的启示。我讨论了在实证适应度景观的理论期望,并强调了开放的挑战和未来的方向,以整合理论和数据,并纳入生态因素。《生态、进化和分类学年度评论》第53卷的最终在线出版日期预计为2022年11月。修订后的估计数请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
19.90
自引率
1.70%
发文量
21
期刊介绍: The Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics is a scholarly publication that has been in circulation since 1970. It focuses on important advancements in the areas of ecology, evolutionary biology, and systematics, with relevance to all forms of life on Earth. The journal features essay reviews that encompass various topics such as phylogeny, speciation, molecular evolution, behavior, evolutionary physiology, population dynamics, ecosystem processes, and applications in invasion biology, conservation, and environmental management. Recently, the current volume of the journal transitioned from a subscription-based model to open access through the Annual Reviews' Subscribe to Open program. Consequently, all articles published in the current volume are now available under a CC BY license.
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