Pub Date : 2024-08-14DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102722-123834
I-Ching Chen, Sheng-Feng Shen, Shih-Fan Chan
Despite two centuries of research, the mechanisms underlying the formation of species’ elevational range limits remain poorly understood. The climatic variability hypothesis highlights the role of climatic conditions in shaping species’ thermal tolerance and distribution ranges, while the species interactions–abiotic stress hypothesis underscores the relative importance of biotic factors and abiotic stress along environmental gradients. We emphasize Darwin's perspective on the ubiquity of interspecific competition across climatic gradients and the importance of understanding how climate modulates biotic interactions to shape species distributions. Niche theory provides a comprehensive framework, combined with empirical research, to explore how environmental gradients influence species traits, leading to context-dependent species interactions that constrain distributions. In particular, the application of the concept of environmentally weighted performance can further elucidate these complex ecological mechanisms. Future research should integrate multiple approaches, including field and laboratory manipulative experiments, theoretical modeling, and interdisciplinary collaboration, to improve our understanding of species distributions in mountain regions and to inform biodiversity conservation strategies in the face of rapid environmental change.
{"title":"Niche Theory and Species Range Limits along Elevational Gradients: Perspectives and Future Directions","authors":"I-Ching Chen, Sheng-Feng Shen, Shih-Fan Chan","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102722-123834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102722-123834","url":null,"abstract":"Despite two centuries of research, the mechanisms underlying the formation of species’ elevational range limits remain poorly understood. The climatic variability hypothesis highlights the role of climatic conditions in shaping species’ thermal tolerance and distribution ranges, while the species interactions–abiotic stress hypothesis underscores the relative importance of biotic factors and abiotic stress along environmental gradients. We emphasize Darwin's perspective on the ubiquity of interspecific competition across climatic gradients and the importance of understanding how climate modulates biotic interactions to shape species distributions. Niche theory provides a comprehensive framework, combined with empirical research, to explore how environmental gradients influence species traits, leading to context-dependent species interactions that constrain distributions. In particular, the application of the concept of environmentally weighted performance can further elucidate these complex ecological mechanisms. Future research should integrate multiple approaches, including field and laboratory manipulative experiments, theoretical modeling, and interdisciplinary collaboration, to improve our understanding of species distributions in mountain regions and to inform biodiversity conservation strategies in the face of rapid environmental change.","PeriodicalId":7988,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-14DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110421-102810
Anna L. Hargreaves
The idea that species interactions are more ecologically and evolutionarily important toward lower latitudes underpins seminal theories in ecology and evolution. Recent global studies have found the predicted latitudinal gradients in interactions, particularly predation. However, latitudinal patterns alone do not reveal why interactions vary geographically and so do not provide strong predictions in space (e.g., for specific ecosystems) or time (e.g., forecasting responses to global change). Here, I review theory to identify a clearer, mechanistic, and testable framework for predicting geographic variation in the importance of species interactions. I review competing metrics of importance, proximate mechanisms that can increase interaction importance, and environmental gradients that could generate predictable geographic patterns (climate extremes and stability, warmth, productivity, and biodiversity). Strong empirical tests are accumulating thanks to the rise of global experiments and datasets; renewed focus on testing why interactions vary spatially will help move the field from identifying latitudinal patterns to understanding broader mechanisms.
{"title":"Geographic Gradients in Species Interactions: From Latitudinal Patterns to Ecological Mechanisms","authors":"Anna L. Hargreaves","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110421-102810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110421-102810","url":null,"abstract":"The idea that species interactions are more ecologically and evolutionarily important toward lower latitudes underpins seminal theories in ecology and evolution. Recent global studies have found the predicted latitudinal gradients in interactions, particularly predation. However, latitudinal patterns alone do not reveal why interactions vary geographically and so do not provide strong predictions in space (e.g., for specific ecosystems) or time (e.g., forecasting responses to global change). Here, I review theory to identify a clearer, mechanistic, and testable framework for predicting geographic variation in the importance of species interactions. I review competing metrics of importance, proximate mechanisms that can increase interaction importance, and environmental gradients that could generate predictable geographic patterns (climate extremes and stability, warmth, productivity, and biodiversity). Strong empirical tests are accumulating thanks to the rise of global experiments and datasets; renewed focus on testing why interactions vary spatially will help move the field from identifying latitudinal patterns to understanding broader mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":7988,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102221-051057
Jonathan P. Green, Jay M. Biernaskie, Milo C. Mee, Amy E. Leedale
Kin discrimination, the differential treatment of conspecifics based on kinship, occurs across the tree of life, from animals to plants to fungi to bacteria. When kin and nonkin interact, the ability to identify kin enables individuals to increase their inclusive fitness by helping kin, harming nonkin, and avoiding inbreeding. For a given species, the strength of selection for kin discrimination mechanisms is influenced by demographic, ecological, and life-history processes that collectively determine the scope for discrimination and the payoffs from kin-biased behavior. In this review, we explore how these processes drive variation in kin discrimination across taxa, highlighting contributions of recent empirical, comparative, and theoretical work to our understanding of when, how, and why kin discrimination evolves.
{"title":"The Evolution of Kin Discrimination Across the Tree of Life","authors":"Jonathan P. Green, Jay M. Biernaskie, Milo C. Mee, Amy E. Leedale","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102221-051057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102221-051057","url":null,"abstract":"Kin discrimination, the differential treatment of conspecifics based on kinship, occurs across the tree of life, from animals to plants to fungi to bacteria. When kin and nonkin interact, the ability to identify kin enables individuals to increase their inclusive fitness by helping kin, harming nonkin, and avoiding inbreeding. For a given species, the strength of selection for kin discrimination mechanisms is influenced by demographic, ecological, and life-history processes that collectively determine the scope for discrimination and the payoffs from kin-biased behavior. In this review, we explore how these processes drive variation in kin discrimination across taxa, highlighting contributions of recent empirical, comparative, and theoretical work to our understanding of when, how, and why kin discrimination evolves.","PeriodicalId":7988,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141935546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-07DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102221-050754
Charlie K. Cornwallis, Ashleigh S. Griffin
Phylogenetic comparative methods are important tools in biology, providing insights into the way traits evolve. There are many technical resources describing how these methods work. Our aim here is to complement these with an overview of the types of biological questions that can be addressed by different methods and to outline potential pitfalls and considerations when embarking on comparative studies. First, we introduce what comparative methods are and why they are important. Second, we outline how they can be used to understand when, where, and how frequently traits evolve. Third, we examine how the coevolution of traits within and between species can be studied, along with patterns of causality. Finally, we discuss how to approach comparative analyses and the ways in which different types of data, such as published relationships, omic, and remote sensing data, can be integrated.
{"title":"A Guided Tour of Phylogenetic Comparative Methods for Studying Trait Evolution","authors":"Charlie K. Cornwallis, Ashleigh S. Griffin","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102221-050754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102221-050754","url":null,"abstract":"Phylogenetic comparative methods are important tools in biology, providing insights into the way traits evolve. There are many technical resources describing how these methods work. Our aim here is to complement these with an overview of the types of biological questions that can be addressed by different methods and to outline potential pitfalls and considerations when embarking on comparative studies. First, we introduce what comparative methods are and why they are important. Second, we outline how they can be used to understand when, where, and how frequently traits evolve. Third, we examine how the coevolution of traits within and between species can be studied, along with patterns of causality. Finally, we discuss how to approach comparative analyses and the ways in which different types of data, such as published relationships, omic, and remote sensing data, can be integrated.","PeriodicalId":7988,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141935544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-07DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102622-030253
Toshitaka N. Suzuki
Animal linguistics is an interdisciplinary field that integrates animal behavior, linguistics, and cognitive science to explore issues such as (a) what animal signals mean, (b) what cognitive abilities are necessary for the production and understanding of these signals, and (c) how communication systems have evolved. Despite the traditional belief that language evolved through a single mutation in our ancestors, accumulating evidence suggests that many cognitive abilities underlying human language have also evolved in nonhuman animals. For example, several species of birds and nonhuman primates convey conceptual meanings through specific vocalizations and/or combine multiple meaning-bearing calls into sequences using syntactic rules. Using experimental paradigms inspired by cognitive science and linguistics, animal linguistics aims to uncover the cognitive mechanisms underlying animal language and explores its evolutionary principles. This review examines previous studies exploring the meanings and cognitive abilities underlying animal language and introduces key methodologies in this emerging field.
{"title":"Animal Linguistics","authors":"Toshitaka N. Suzuki","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102622-030253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102622-030253","url":null,"abstract":"Animal linguistics is an interdisciplinary field that integrates animal behavior, linguistics, and cognitive science to explore issues such as (<jats:italic>a</jats:italic>) what animal signals mean, (<jats:italic>b</jats:italic>) what cognitive abilities are necessary for the production and understanding of these signals, and (<jats:italic>c</jats:italic>) how communication systems have evolved. Despite the traditional belief that language evolved through a single mutation in our ancestors, accumulating evidence suggests that many cognitive abilities underlying human language have also evolved in nonhuman animals. For example, several species of birds and nonhuman primates convey conceptual meanings through specific vocalizations and/or combine multiple meaning-bearing calls into sequences using syntactic rules. Using experimental paradigms inspired by cognitive science and linguistics, animal linguistics aims to uncover the cognitive mechanisms underlying animal language and explores its evolutionary principles. This review examines previous studies exploring the meanings and cognitive abilities underlying animal language and introduces key methodologies in this emerging field.","PeriodicalId":7988,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics","volume":"2010 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141935543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-07DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102722-125156
Riikka Rinnan
Arctic ecosystems have long been thought to be minimal sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to the atmosphere because of their low plant biomass and cold temperatures. However, these ecosystems experience rapid climatic warming that alters vegetation composition. Tundra vegetation VOC emissions have stronger temperature dependency than current emission models estimate. Thus, warming, both directly and indirectly (via vegetation changes) likely increases the release and alters the blend of emitted plant volatiles, such as isoprene, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes, from Arctic ecosystems. Climate change also increases the pressure of both background herbivory and insect outbreaks. The resulting leaf damage induces the production of volatile defense compounds, and warming amplifies this response. Soils function as both sources and sinks of VOCs, and thawing permafrost is a hotspot for soil VOC emissions, contributing to ecosystem emissions if the VOCs bypass microbial uptake. Overall, Arctic VOC emissions are likely to increase in the future with implications for ecological interactions and atmospheric composition.
{"title":"Volatile Organic Compound Emissions in the Changing Arctic","authors":"Riikka Rinnan","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102722-125156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102722-125156","url":null,"abstract":"Arctic ecosystems have long been thought to be minimal sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to the atmosphere because of their low plant biomass and cold temperatures. However, these ecosystems experience rapid climatic warming that alters vegetation composition. Tundra vegetation VOC emissions have stronger temperature dependency than current emission models estimate. Thus, warming, both directly and indirectly (via vegetation changes) likely increases the release and alters the blend of emitted plant volatiles, such as isoprene, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes, from Arctic ecosystems. Climate change also increases the pressure of both background herbivory and insect outbreaks. The resulting leaf damage induces the production of volatile defense compounds, and warming amplifies this response. Soils function as both sources and sinks of VOCs, and thawing permafrost is a hotspot for soil VOC emissions, contributing to ecosystem emissions if the VOCs bypass microbial uptake. Overall, Arctic VOC emissions are likely to increase in the future with implications for ecological interactions and atmospheric composition.","PeriodicalId":7988,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141935545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-02DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102722-012749
Luke J. Potgieter, Daijiang Li, Benjamin Baiser, Ingolf Kühn, Myla F.J. Aronson, Marta Carboni, Laura Celesti-Grapow, Ana Carolina L. de Matos, Zdeňka Lososová, Flavia A. Montaño-Centellas, Petr Pyšek, David M. Richardson, Toby P.N. Tsang, Rafael D. Zenni, Marc W. Cadotte
The globalization of trade and increased human mobility have facilitated the introduction and spread of nonnative species, posing significant threats to biodiversity and human well-being. As centers of global trade and human populations, cities are foci for the introduction, establishment, and spread of nonnative species. We present a global synthesis of urban characteristics that drive biological invasions within and across cities, focusing on four axes: (a) connectivity, (b) physical properties, (c) culture and socioeconomics, and (d) biogeography and climate. Urban characteristics such as increased connectivity within and among cities, city size and age, and wealth emerged as important drivers of nonnative species diversity and spread, while the relative importance of biogeographic and climate drivers varied considerably. Elaborating how these characteristics shape biological invasions in cities is crucial for designing and implementing strategies to mitigate the impacts of invasions on ecological systems and human well-being.
{"title":"Cities Shape the Diversity and Spread of Nonnative Species","authors":"Luke J. Potgieter, Daijiang Li, Benjamin Baiser, Ingolf Kühn, Myla F.J. Aronson, Marta Carboni, Laura Celesti-Grapow, Ana Carolina L. de Matos, Zdeňka Lososová, Flavia A. Montaño-Centellas, Petr Pyšek, David M. Richardson, Toby P.N. Tsang, Rafael D. Zenni, Marc W. Cadotte","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102722-012749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102722-012749","url":null,"abstract":"The globalization of trade and increased human mobility have facilitated the introduction and spread of nonnative species, posing significant threats to biodiversity and human well-being. As centers of global trade and human populations, cities are foci for the introduction, establishment, and spread of nonnative species. We present a global synthesis of urban characteristics that drive biological invasions within and across cities, focusing on four axes: (<jats:italic>a</jats:italic>) connectivity, (<jats:italic>b</jats:italic>) physical properties, (<jats:italic>c</jats:italic>) culture and socioeconomics, and (<jats:italic>d</jats:italic>) biogeography and climate. Urban characteristics such as increased connectivity within and among cities, city size and age, and wealth emerged as important drivers of nonnative species diversity and spread, while the relative importance of biogeographic and climate drivers varied considerably. Elaborating how these characteristics shape biological invasions in cities is crucial for designing and implementing strategies to mitigate the impacts of invasions on ecological systems and human well-being.","PeriodicalId":7988,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141881964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-02DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110421-102327
Baptiste J. Wijas, Steven D. Allison, Amy T. Austin, William K. Cornwell, J. Hans C. Cornelissen, Paul Eggleton, Shawn Fraver, Mark K.J. Ooi, Jeff R. Powell, Christopher W. Woodall, Amy E. Zanne
Deadwood represents a significant carbon pool and unique biodiversity reservoir in forests and savannas but has been largely overlooked until recently. Storage and release of carbon from deadwood is controlled by interacting decomposition drivers including biotic consumers (animals and microbes) and abiotic factors (water, fire, sunlight, and freeze–thaw). Although previous research has focused mainly on forests, we synthesize deadwood studies across diverse ecosystems with woody vegetation. As changing climates and land-use practices alter the landscape, we expect accelerating but variable rates of inputs and outputs from deadwood pools. Currently, Earth system models implicitly represent only microbial consumers as drivers of wood decomposition; we show that many other factors influence deadwood pools. Forest management practices increasingly recognize deadwood as an important contributor to forest dynamics, biodiversity, and carbon budgets. Together, emerging knowledge from modeling and management suggests a growing need for additional research on deadwood contributions to carbon storage and greenhouse gas emissions.
{"title":"The Role of Deadwood in the Carbon Cycle: Implications for Models, Forest Management, and Future Climates","authors":"Baptiste J. Wijas, Steven D. Allison, Amy T. Austin, William K. Cornwell, J. Hans C. Cornelissen, Paul Eggleton, Shawn Fraver, Mark K.J. Ooi, Jeff R. Powell, Christopher W. Woodall, Amy E. Zanne","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110421-102327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110421-102327","url":null,"abstract":"Deadwood represents a significant carbon pool and unique biodiversity reservoir in forests and savannas but has been largely overlooked until recently. Storage and release of carbon from deadwood is controlled by interacting decomposition drivers including biotic consumers (animals and microbes) and abiotic factors (water, fire, sunlight, and freeze–thaw). Although previous research has focused mainly on forests, we synthesize deadwood studies across diverse ecosystems with woody vegetation. As changing climates and land-use practices alter the landscape, we expect accelerating but variable rates of inputs and outputs from deadwood pools. Currently, Earth system models implicitly represent only microbial consumers as drivers of wood decomposition; we show that many other factors influence deadwood pools. Forest management practices increasingly recognize deadwood as an important contributor to forest dynamics, biodiversity, and carbon budgets. Together, emerging knowledge from modeling and management suggests a growing need for additional research on deadwood contributions to carbon storage and greenhouse gas emissions.","PeriodicalId":7988,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141882001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102622-030749
Reena Debray, Jenny Tung, Elizabeth A. Archie
Animals with close social relationships often have similar microbiomes. These socially structured microbiomes can arise through multiple mechanisms that are often difficult to disentangle, including transmission between social partners or via socially structured, shared environments. Here, we review evidence for socially structured microbiomes and propose methods to differentiate the mechanisms that give rise to them. We discuss the evolutionary implications of these mechanisms for both hosts and their microbiomes, including the possibility that social transmission selects for host-specialized microbiomes. We conclude by identifying outstanding questions related to social microbiomes and their implications for social evolution. We identify new or underutilized approaches like longitudinal study designs, strain-sharing analysis, and culture-based characterization to address these outstanding questions.
{"title":"Ecology and Evolution of the Social Microbiome","authors":"Reena Debray, Jenny Tung, Elizabeth A. Archie","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102622-030749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102622-030749","url":null,"abstract":"Animals with close social relationships often have similar microbiomes. These socially structured microbiomes can arise through multiple mechanisms that are often difficult to disentangle, including transmission between social partners or via socially structured, shared environments. Here, we review evidence for socially structured microbiomes and propose methods to differentiate the mechanisms that give rise to them. We discuss the evolutionary implications of these mechanisms for both hosts and their microbiomes, including the possibility that social transmission selects for host-specialized microbiomes. We conclude by identifying outstanding questions related to social microbiomes and their implications for social evolution. We identify new or underutilized approaches like longitudinal study designs, strain-sharing analysis, and culture-based characterization to address these outstanding questions.","PeriodicalId":7988,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141881929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-29DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102622-031210
Marcelo A. Aizen, Agostina Torres
Successful invasive species commonly depend on the establishment of mutualistic interactions with native and nonnative biota. In turn, invasive species can affect native mutualisms and community stability. Here, we examine different forms of mutualist acquisition by invasive species and the causes and consequences of mutualism abandonment for invasion processes. Additionally, we delve into the quantitative and qualitative effects of invaders on native biota via mutualism disruption that can occur through direct and diverse indirect pathways. These effects of invasive species on native biota via mutualistic interactions can often be a consequence of the invaders’ abundance, which should be considered a prime predictor when evaluating the impact of invasive species on native mutualisms and community stability. We propose that the ecological as well as the evolutionary consequences of mutualism disruption and switches caused by invasive species can play crucial roles in determining future biodiversity.
{"title":"The Invasion Ecology of Mutualism","authors":"Marcelo A. Aizen, Agostina Torres","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102622-031210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102622-031210","url":null,"abstract":"Successful invasive species commonly depend on the establishment of mutualistic interactions with native and nonnative biota. In turn, invasive species can affect native mutualisms and community stability. Here, we examine different forms of mutualist acquisition by invasive species and the causes and consequences of mutualism abandonment for invasion processes. Additionally, we delve into the quantitative and qualitative effects of invaders on native biota via mutualism disruption that can occur through direct and diverse indirect pathways. These effects of invasive species on native biota via mutualistic interactions can often be a consequence of the invaders’ abundance, which should be considered a prime predictor when evaluating the impact of invasive species on native mutualisms and community stability. We propose that the ecological as well as the evolutionary consequences of mutualism disruption and switches caused by invasive species can play crucial roles in determining future biodiversity.","PeriodicalId":7988,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141863689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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