Influence of fertilizer system on winter triticale (Triticosecale Witt.) productivity in the condition of drained soddy podzolic soil of Рolissia

Abstract

Topicality. Currently, the search for ways to improve the efficiency of triticale production on drained soils under conditions of climate change is a necessary and urgent task, since there is no scientific research to improve the technology of growing this agricultural crop under such conditions. Issues. In the Polissia of Ukraine, triticale can solve the problem of increasing grain production, considering the high adaptive properties to growing conditions and the genetic potential of yield and product quality. Aim. To study the formation peculiarities of winter triticale grain yield and quality at different levels of organomineral fertilization, and determine the most economically justified fertilizer system on drained sod-podzolic soil in conditions of moisture deficit. Methods. Stationary experiment was established; the grain quality was determined with laboratory research method, and experimental data were processed using the Microsoft Office Excel computer program. Results. Research conducted in 2016–2020 found that during the triticale grain formation and filling, the productive moisture reserves of drained sod-podzolic soil in the 0–100 cm layer decreased to a critical level of 60–80 mm (130–200 mm was accounted for by the period of growth resumption). Under conditions of low soil moisture, when using biological fertilizer system (pea-oat mix by-product), grain yield was 2.62 t/ha, and the increase compared to the absolute control was to 14.9 %. On the background of predecessor by-products, when mineral fertilizers were applied in the recommended rate for the zone (N60P60K60), grain yield increased to 3.65 t/ha. The high yield of triticale grain (4.14 t/ha) was established when using increased (intensive) rate of mineral fertilizer N90P90K90 with separate nitrogen application in three stages (N30 – at sowing, N30 – stem elongation, N30 – grain formation) combined with by-products. It was noted that indicators of winter triticale grain quality depended on the fertilizer system. Thousand grain weight was 46.5–50.2 g, the maximum val-ues were in the high agronomic background. Grain volume weight was within 674–682 g/l, the difference between the variants was insignificant. Grain protein content on fertilized backgrounds was 11.8–12.7 %, when the rate was increased to N90P90K90 – 13.1 %, which is 1.2 % more than on the control variant. Conclusions. It was determined that the highest level of profitability of winter triticale cultivation was 144 % when by-products were used in the biological fertilization system. The N90P90K90 fertilizer system combined with by-products produced the highest grain yield (4.14 t/ha) and protein content (13.1 %), but profitability of triticale cultivation decreased to 77 %. Studies have shown that mineral fertilizers increase the yield and improve the grain quality while reducing the profitability of growing the crop. Keywords: triticale, fertilizer system, improved land, moisture supply, productivity, grain quality, cost-effectiveness.